scholarly journals Short Communication: The diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in a Karst Area of Southern Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hery Pratiknyo ◽  
ENDANG ARIYANI SETYOWATI
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Poor Soil

Abstract. Pratiknyo H, Setyowati EA. 2020. Short Communication: The diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in a Karst Area of Southern Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1730-1734. A karst area of Southern Gombong at altitudes of 0-500 m has a porous substrate whose soil content decreases as the altitude gets higher toward the top of the hill. This area is characterized by poor soil nutrient, but it has high CaCO3 and pH, which is not a favorable habitat for many species of termites which depend on soil substrate, as source of nutrient for community development, especially soil-feeding termites, as habitat for fungi as secondary daily diet, and as a stabilizer of the nest humidity. The aims of this research were to determine the diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in this karst area, and to determine the correlation between altitude and the termite diversity. The area was divided into 5 segments based on the altitudes, i.e., 0-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m, and 400-500 m. In each segment, a transect belt, 100 m long and 2 m wide, was made. Each transect was divided into 20 sections. Termites were sampled from living trees, branches, bark, litter and soil for 30 minutes per person in each section. The data were analyzed to determine the Shannon-Wienner diversity index (H¢), Shannon-Evenness index (E), and Simpson's Dominance index, and to find the correlation between the species diversity and altitude. The results showed that the termite diversity in the study site was low. Only four termite species were found with the indexes of diversity (H’), evenness (E), and dominance (D) of 1.01, 0.73 and 0.44 respectively. There was no linear correlation between termite diversity and altitude; the highest diversity was found in the middle altitudes, following the mid-domain effect model.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Rambut Cave Sale Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
S Rachmawati ◽  
H H A Matin ◽  
S Suhardono ◽  
P Setyono ◽  
L Kusumaningrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Flora Diversity ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

Abstract Rembang zone karst area stretches from Central Java to Madura Islands. This area is the most significant water or groundwater basin (CAT) area in Rembang Regency, often known as Watuputih Mountains or Karst Area. Watuputih Groundwater Basin is a karst area that is characterized by the formation of several caves. Rambut Cave is one of the caves in Watuputih area located to the east of Watuputih with coordinate’s point −6.8783, 111.5534. There are seven types of flora found in the Rambut Cave, namely Horseshoe Bats, Bent-Wing Bats, Ants, Geckos and Crickets, Forest Grasshoppers, and Snails. While the flora was found, there are six types of Bauhinia scandens, Suweg, Mahogany, Drypetes littoralis, Yellow Palm, and Teak trees. The study results obtained the Flora Diversity Index Value H=0.687, which belongs to the low category, and the value of Fauna Diversity Index H’=1.414, which belongs to the medium category.

scholarly journals Diversity and abundance of termites along altitudinal gradient and slopes in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1649-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERY RATIKNYO ◽  
INTAN AHMAD ◽  
BAMBANG HERU BUDIYANTO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Multivariate Correlation ◽  
The Family

Pratiknyo H, Ahmad I, Bambang Heru Budianto BH. 2018. Diversity and abundance of termites along altitudinal gradient andslopes in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1649-1658. A study on diversity and abundance of termites along analtitudinal gradient and the different slope was done in plantation forest of Mount Slamet. This research aimed to define the speciescomposition along the altitudinal gradient and slope and to define the environmental factors affecting it. The sampling of termites wascarried out following standardized belt transects (100 m x 2 m) laid vertically on the altitude of 700 up to 1300 m asl on four slopes.Each 100 m length of the belt transects was divided into 20 sections (5 m x 2 m), and termites were taken in each section from the trees,branches, barks and the ground. Data of termites composition were analyzed for diversity index (Shanon-Wiener, H') and dominationindex (Simson, D); the correlation among environmental factors with the family were analyzed by multivariate correlation, and then aCanonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to define the most associated environmental factor to the diversity and abundanceof termites. A total of 7349 individuals belonging to 11 species in nine genera, five subfamilies, and two families were recorded. Fourwood feeder species were Schedorinotermes javanicus, Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus and Microtermes insperatus, whilehumus feeder was Capritermes samarangi, Procapritermes stiger, Nasutitermes matangensis, N. matangensiformis, Bulbitermes spp.,and the soil feeders were PeriCapritermes javanicus and P. dolichocephalus. Based on the Shanon-Wiener index, the Western Slopewas the highest in diversity with five main environmental factors (altitudes, maximal rainfall, N content, manure application and lightintensity) the most influencing while the CCA ordination showed that the canopy closure and light intensity were the most associatedfactor to the diversity and abundance of termites. In conclusion, the slopes

Bird community structure in natural and urbanized habitats along an altitudinal gradient in Pauri district (Garhwal Himalaya) of Uttarakhand state, India

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Naithani ◽  
Dinesh Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Rarefaction Analysis

AbstractIn the Indian subcontinent there is hardly any study that compares the bird community structure of urban/suburban areas with those of forest habitat. The present survey identified diverse assemblages of birds in the Pauri district at different elevations. A total of 125 bird species belonging to 40 families including two least count species (Lophura leucomelanos and Pucrasia marcolopha) were recorded during this survey in the forest and urbanized habitats of Pauri District (Garhwal Hiamalaya) of Uttarakhand state, India. The high elevation (Pauri 1600–2100 m a.s.l.), mid elevation (Srikot-Khanda 900–1300 m a.s.l.) and low elevation (Srinagar 500–900 m a.s.l.) contributed 88.8%, 63.2% and 58.4% of the total species respectively. Rarefaction analysis and Shannon diversity index showed that the high elevation forest habitat had highest bird species richness (BSR) and bird species diversity (BSD) followed by the mid and then the low elevation forests. BSR and BSD fluctuated across seasons at all elevations but not across habitat types. Present study provides a base line data about avian community composition in urbanized and natural habitats along altitudinal gradient in the study area. This information may be useful to the conservation biologists for the better management and conservation of the avifauna in the Western Himalaya, a part of one of the hot biodiversity spots of the world.

scholarly journals Community Structure of Dragonfly (Ordo: Odonata) in Natural Forest and Tourist Sites Petungkriyono Forest, Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 67328
Author(s):  
Nur Apriatun Nafisah ◽  
R.C.Hidayat Soesilohadi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Total Species

Petungkriyono forest is a tropical rainforest with high biodiversity. The increasing tourism activities in Petungkriyono lead to land conversion. Dragonfly (order Odonata) is a good bioindicator for aquatic and terrestrial. This study aimed to compare the community structure of Odonata in natural forests and tourist sites. The method of collecting imago Odonata was done by direct searching, samples were captured using sweep netting. The results showed that the dragonflies found in all locations consisted of the same family, 2 families (Gomphidae and Libellulidae) from the suborder Anisoptera and 6 families (Calopterygidae, Chlorocyphidae, Coenagrionidae, Euphaidae Platycnemididae, and Platystictidae) from the suborder Zygoptera. The total species of dragonflies found in Sokokembang were 15 species with a total of 293 individuals, Tirta Muncar 13 species of 287 individuals, Karanggondang 17 species of 276 individuals, and Curug Lawe 14 species of 242 individuals. The highest relative abundance of individuals was in the natural forest of Sokokembang is Drepanosticta spatulifera (26.28%) and in Karanggondang Vestalis luctuosa (24.64%), while in the tourist forests of Tirta Muncar and Curug Lawe were Euphaea variegata (34.84% and 28.51 %). The structure of the Odonata community is based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the natural forests of Sokokembang (2.18) and Karanggondang (2.21) at the tourist sites of Tirta Muncar (1.84) and Curug Lawe (2.11). The results showed that the structure of the Odonata community based on the level of the diversity index value, evenness index, and dominance index in natural forests and tourist sites in Petungkriyono forest was not significantly different. 

scholarly journals Phytoplankton community structure in Menjer Lake, Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
F Sulawesty ◽  
G P Yoga ◽  
L Subehi ◽  
R Rosidah
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Ecological Pressure

Abstract The occurrence of land changes around Lake Menjer, Central Java Province will affect the condition of water quality subsequently will affect biota, including phytoplankton. The purposes of study was to analyze the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in Menjer Lake regarding to nutrient content i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus. Observations on the phytoplankton community were conducted in July and October 2019 at six locations in Menjer Lake. Water samples were taken at the water surface as much as 10 L filtered using plankton net. Identification was carried out under the inverted microscope Diaphot 300. The abundance was calculated using the Sedgwick Rafter cell counting (SRCC) method. Analysis of the phytoplankton community structure was derived by calculating the Diversity Index, Evenness Index, and Simpson Dominance Index. The nutrient content in Menjer Lake influences the structure of phytoplankton communities quantitatively and qualitatively. Observation showed that the diversity of phytoplankton was low and there was one species dominanted, the result explained that the phytoplankton community in Menjer Lake is unstable and there is ecological pressure on the community. It can be concluded that the improvement of environmental conditions around Menjer Lake is the basis for the sustainable management of Menjer Lake.

scholarly journals Species presence frequency and diversity in different patch types along an altitudinal gradient: Larix chinensis Beissn in Qinling Mountains (China)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyi Huang ◽  
Renyan Duan ◽  
Shixiong Wang ◽  
Zhigao Wang ◽  
Weiyi Fan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Larix Chinensis ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Adjacent Patch

Forest communities are mosaic systems composed of patches classified into four different developmental patch types: gap patch (G), building patch (B), mature patch (M) and degenerate patch (D). To study the mechanisms maintaining diversity in subalpine coniferous forests, species presence frequency and diversity in the four distinct patch types (G, B, M and D) of Larix chinensis conifer forests at three altitudinal gradients in the Qinling Mountains were analyzed. Our results were as follows: (1) Different species (or functional groups) had distinct presence frequencie s in the four different patch types along the altitudinal gradient. (2) Some species or functional groups (species groups sharing similar traits and response to environment) only occurred in some specific patches. For seed dispersal, species using wind mainly occurred in G and D, while species using small animals mainly occurred in B and M. (3) Species composition of adjacent patch types was more similar than non-adjacent patch types, based on the lower β diversity index of the former. (4) The maximum numbers of species and two diversity indices (D′ and H′) were found in the middle altitudes. Various gap-forming processes and dispersal limitation may be the two major mechanisms determining species diversity in Larix chinensis coniferous forests at the patch scale.

Analysis of floods recession constant of several karst springs in the north side of Karangbolong (Gombong) karst area, Central Java

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danang Riza Fauzi ◽  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
Andy Setyawan ◽  
Aulia Ika Rahmawati ◽  
Danung Shodikh Mahrizkhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Karst Area ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
North Side ◽  
Recession Constant

scholarly journals Forest-type specialization strongly predicts avian responses to tropical agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1913) ◽  
pp. 20191724
Author(s):  
Jacob B. Socolar ◽  
David S. Wilcove
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Specialist Species ◽  
Habitat Specialist Species ◽  
Poor Soil

Species’ traits influence how populations respond to land-use change. However, even in well-characterized groups such as birds, widely studied traits explain only a modest proportion of the variance in response across species. Here, we show that associations with particular forest types strongly predict the sensitivity of forest-dwelling Amazonian birds to agriculture. Incorporating these fine-scale habitat associations into models of population response dramatically improves predictive performance and markedly outperforms the functional traits that commonly appear in similar analyses. Moreover, by identifying habitat features that support assemblages of unusually sensitive habitat-specialist species, our model furnishes straightforward conservation recommendations. In Amazonia, species that specialize on forests along a soil–nutrient gradient (i.e. both rich-soil specialists and poor-soil specialists) are exceptionally sensitive to agriculture, whereas species that specialize on floodplain forests are unusually insensitive. Thus, habitat specialization per se does not predict disturbance sensitivity, but particular habitat associations do. A focus on conserving specific habitats that harbour highly sensitive avifaunas (e.g. poor-soil forest) would protect a critically threatened component of regional biodiversity. We present a conceptual model to explain the divergent responses of habitat specialists in the different habitats, and we suggest that similar patterns and conservation opportunities probably exist for other taxa and regions.

scholarly journals Soil compaction as the possible cause of wilting and premature ripening of sunflower – Short Communication

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
K. Veverka ◽  
I. Křížková ◽  
J. Palicová
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Uppermost Layer ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Poor Soil ◽  
Infective Agent

Brown patches of the size from several square metres to hectares or individual dying plants appeared in otherwise green stands. Affected plants wilt and ripen sooner than healthy ones, causing them to have smaller seeds or none at all in the central part of the heads. Under extreme conditions the plants wilt and die in early summer when they are less than 50 cm high. No infective agent was found as a causal organism. Disturbed plants root only in the upper 10 cm layer of the soil, or just below the surface. Poor soil structure and aeration are supposed to be responsible for limited root development. It prevents a sufficient supply of water to the plants during the hot and dry summer months and causes them to wilt. In contrast to cereals, winter rape and some other field crops that ripen during July, sunflower grows very intensively and needs a good supply of water even towards the end of August and in the first half of September. Thus, sunflower plants rooting only in the shallow uppermost layer of the soil suffer much more than other crops from hot and dry conditions.

scholarly journals Diversity of Wild Bees along Elevational Gradient in an Agricultural Area in Central Java, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Widhiono ◽  
Eming Sudiana ◽  
Darsono Darsono
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Study Sites

Increases in mean temperature affect the diversity and abundance of wild bees in agricultural ecosystems. Pollinator community composition is expected to change along an elevational gradient due to differences in the daily ambient temperature. This study investigated the diversity and abundance of wild bees in an agricultural area along an elevational gradient in Central Java, Indonesia. Wild bees were collected using a sweep net in 40 green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivation sampling locations at seven different elevations (8, 108, 224, 424, 644, 893, and 1017 m above sea level). Species diversity was determined using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. We identified 932 individuals from 8 species of wild bee belonging to 3 families. The family Apidae was predominant, with 6 species, while only 1 species was found from each of Megachilidae and Halictidae. Across the study sites, diversity increased with increasing elevation (H′= 1.4,D= 0.25, andE= 0.78 at low elevation toH′= 2.04,D= 0.13, andE= 0.96 at high elevation), and higher numbers of species were found at middle and high elevations. Species richness and abundance increased linearly with increasing elevation, and species diversity was highest at middle elevations.

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