scholarly journals Distribution, variation, and relationship of Curcuma soloensis Valeton in Java, Indonesia based on morphological characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMAD JALIL ◽  
AZIZ PURWANTORO ◽  
BUDI SETIADI DARYONO ◽  
Purnomo PURNOMO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Jalil M, Purwantoro A, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2020. Distribution, variation, and relationship of Curcuma soloensis Valeton in Java, Indonesia based on morphological characters. Biodiversitas 21: 3867-3877. Curcuma soloensis Valeton (locally called temu genyeh) was a plant originating from Solomon Islands and was synonymous with Curcuma longa L. This plant was often considered to be turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) or temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb.), because the rhizome is almost the same color. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution, variation, and relationship of C. soloensis in Java, Indonesia. Retrieval of data with exploratory roaming methods in 12 districts/cities in Java Island as a center for planting medicinal plants. Morphological character observations were made on habit, rhizome, roots, tubers, leaves, pseudo-stems, and flowers. Morphological data were analyzed by descriptive and numerical methods. Analysis of grouping with Gower Coefficients because it uses 45 binary and multistate data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the role of each character in the grouping. Cluster analysis and PCA graphics were assisted with MVSP 3.1 software. The results of the study were obtained from 25 accessions of C. soloensis in East Java (Trenggalek, Pacitan, Ponorogo), Central Java (Wonogiri, Karanganyar, Magelang, Semarang), Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta City, Bantul, Gunungkidul), and West Java (Ciamis and Tasikmalaya). The variation of C. soloensis lies in habit, stem color, leaf shape, rhizome shape, rhizome flesh color, and tuber shape. The highest abundance percentage is in Pajangan, Tirtomoyo, and Tawangmangu. The dendrogram divides 32 OTUs into two clusters on the phenon line 0.617, namely cluster A (C. zanthorrhiza) and cluster B (C. soloensis and C. longa). PCA results showed that the characters that had the most role in grouping were leaf blade color, leaf blade length, rhizome shape, root color, rhizome taste, outer and inner rhizome flesh color.

scholarly journals Morphological and genetic diversity of Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ebadi ◽  
Rosa Eftekharian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Principal Coordinates

Senecio vulgaris L., an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae, is widely distributed in different regions of the world. There is no information on the intraspecific variations of the morphological and molecular features of this species. In the present investigation, we studied the morphological and genetic diversity of 81 accessions of S. vulgaris collected from 10 geographical populations. Eleven inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used for the examination of genetic variations among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and GST analyses revealed significant differences among the investigated populations. A significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was revealed by the Mantel test. However, reticulation analysis indicated the occurrence of gene flow among most of the populations studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed that the number of capitula, length of the cauline leaf and plant height were the most variable morphological characters. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot revealed two groups of populations, according to molecular and morphological data. The results suggested the existence of possible intraspecific taxonomic ranks within this species.

scholarly journals A Systematic Analysis of the Alpine Saxifrage Complex (Saxifragaceae) in the Canadian Arctic Islands Using Morphology and Chloroplast DNA Data

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Healy ◽  
Lynn J. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Site Analysis

The Saxifraga nivalis complex displays significant ecological, morphological and cytological variation. Most European studies suggest that the S. nivalis complex comprises two distinct species: Saxifraga nivalis sensu stricto and Saxifraga tenuis. However, the presence of intermediate morphotypes, inconsistencies in chromosomal counts and variability in morphological keys and descriptions have led to different taxonomic interpretations of the complex in North America. This study investigated the systematics of Canadian Arctic Island members of this complex from 157 specimens using 23 morphological characters. Principal component analysis of the morphological data revealed two adjacent clusters, corresponding to the two taxa and consistent with a close morphological similarity and the presence of hybrids. A preliminary restriction site analysis of five non-coding regions of the chloroplast genome, trnH-trnK, trnT-trnF, trnF-trnV, trnV-rbcL and rbcL-ORF106, was conducted using 21 restriction endonucleases. This analysis indicated a length difference between the trnT-trnF region of S. nivalis and that of S. tenuis, but no difference in restriction sites for any of the assayed regions. These results confirm that in the Canadian Arctic, the S. nivalis complex consists of two closely related, largely sympatric species, with notable morphological variability, and possible hybrids.

Variation in leaf characteristics among provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. grown in Zambia

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
J Burley ◽  
PJ Wood ◽  
AS Hans
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ecotypic Variation ◽  
Old Trees

Eight morphological characters of leaves were examined in 2-year-old trees of 25 provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn, grown in a replicated trial in Zambia. Provenances differed significantly in leaf length and width, base angle, and oil gland density but significant effects were attributed to trees within provenances. Leaf curvature also varied between provenances, trees, and branches. The tip angle and the number of veins did not vary significantly. Leaf length and oil gland density were related to maximum temperature at seed source rather than to latitude but the reverse occurred for leaf width. Significant amounts of variation were explained by a linear combination of temperature and latitude but not by longitude, altitude, or rainfall. Information on seven traits was combined in principal component analysis in which the first component (a measure of leaf shape) accounted for 36% of total observed variation while the second (weighted largely on leaf length) accounted for 26%. Mapping of both univariate and multivariate results indicated that there are two major ecotypes and gave some evidence of clinal and ecotypic variation within them. The conclusions support those of other workers both in natural populations in Australia and in exotic populations elsewhere.

scholarly journals Computational biomechanics changes our view on insect head evolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1848) ◽  
pp. 20162412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Blanke ◽  
Peter J. Watson ◽  
Richard Holbrey ◽  
Michael J. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Character State ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Computational Biomechanics ◽  
Relationship Of

Despite large-scale molecular attempts, the relationships of the basal winged insect lineages dragonflies, mayflies and neopterans, are still unresolved. Other data sources, such as morphology, suffer from unclear functional dependencies of the structures considered, which might mislead phylogenetic inference. Here, we assess this problem by combining for the first time biomechanics with phylogenetics using two advanced engineering techniques, multibody dynamics analysis and finite-element analysis, to objectively identify functional linkages in insect head structures which have been used traditionally to argue basal winged insect relationships. With a biomechanical model of unprecedented detail, we are able to investigate the mechanics of morphological characters under biologically realistic load, i.e. biting. We show that a range of head characters, mainly ridges, endoskeletal elements and joints, are indeed mechanically linked to each other. An analysis of character state correlation in a morphological data matrix focused on head characters shows highly significant correlation of these mechanically linked structures. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction under different data exclusion schemes based on the correlation analysis unambiguously supports a sistergroup relationship of dragonflies and mayflies. The combination of biomechanics and phylogenetics as it is proposed here could be a promising approach to assess functional dependencies in many organisms to increase our understanding of phenotypic evolution.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Diversity Analysis in Pod and Seed Characters of Some Neglected and Underutilized Legumes (NULs)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. O. Agbolade ◽  
T. P. Olakunle ◽  
K. M. Popoola ◽  
J. A. Idowu ◽  
A. I. Isiaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight

In response to the paucity of information challenge on the neglected and underutilized legumes, this paper explored pods and seeds morphological data of the twenty-four accessions of these crops with a view to establishing the occurrence of genetic variability and diversity analysis among the studied taxa. Twenty-four accessions of neglected and underutilized legumes (NULs) obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed for genetic variability and diversity analysis through Pod and seed morphological characters. Each accession was planted into plot of 5 ridges of 5 meter long, spaced 1 meter apart and replicated three times at the teaching and research farm of the Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics was employed to evaluate differences in the mean values of the accessions while discriminatory traits among accessions were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Similarities among the studied plants were assessed by cluster analysis. The first two principal component axes explained 72% of the total variation. Pod length, pod width and 100-seed weight were traits that contributed most of the variations in the legume accessions. There was a display of intra-species similarities and inter-specific genetic diversity among the studied accessions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Variability in Tunisian Olea europaea L. Accessions using Morphological Characters and Computational Approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim ENNOURI ◽  
Rayda BEN AYED ◽  
Sezai ERCISLI ◽  
Fathi BEN AMAR ◽  
Mohamed Ali TRIKI
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The olive trees (Olea europaea L.) have been cultivated for millennia in the Mediterranean basin and its oil has been an important part of human nutrition in the region. In order to distinguish between olive accessions, morphological and biological characters have been widely and commonly used for descriptive purposes and have been used to characterize olive accessions. A comparative study of morphological characters of olive accessions grown in Tunisia was carried out and analyzed using Bayesian Networks (BN) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The obtained results showed that averages of fruit and kernel weights were 2.27 grams and 0.41 grams, respectively.  Besides, a relatively moderate level of variation (51.22%) being explained by four Principal components. BN revealed that geographical localisation plays a role in the increase of tree habit, size of lenticels and leaf shape. A dendrogram has been carried out in the aim to classify studied olive accessions. We proposed a novel method of analysis based on the three-step scheme, in which first the data set is clustered, then olive tree features are evaluated. The studied accessions can be divided into four main groups by cutting the dendrogram at a similarity value of 0.645. Different relationships are studied and highlighted, and finally the collected features are subjected to a global principal component analysis. Obtained results confirmed that core surface was negatively correlated with geographical location (r = -0.52, p<0.05) and maturation period r = -0.539, p<0.05). Number of lenticels was positively correlated to lenticels size (r = 0.632, p<0.05). Core shape had a negative correlation with fruit shape (r = -0.759, p<0.05). On the basis of these findings, this research confirmed that morphological markers are a preliminary tool to characterize olive oil accessions.

scholarly journals When molecules and morphology work together: lines of evidence for the validity of Caridina buehleri Roux (Crustacea : Decapoda : Atyidae) and for C. gueryi Marquet, Keith & Kalfatak as its junior synonym

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin de Mazancourt ◽  
Gerard Marquet ◽  
Werner Klotz ◽  
Philippe Keith ◽  
Magalie Castelin
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Freshwater Shrimps ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Western Samoa

The taxonomy of the freshwater shrimps Caridina (Atyidae) is very complex and confused mostly because the morphological characters that have traditionally been used for species delimitation and identification are highly plastic. There is thus a need for an integrative approach to their taxonomy. In total, 42 specimens belonging to either Caridina buehleri Roux, 1934 or Caridina gueryi Marquet, Keith &amp; Kalfatak, 2009 were examined. We combined here morphological data from 12 specimens from the whole distributional range of the species, including type specimens with 16S mtDNA analyses from seven freshly sampled specimens, to verify the specific status of Caridina buehleri from Papua New-Guinea, Central Sulawesi, Western Samoa and the Solomon Islands, and C. gueryi from Vanuatu. The comparison of 24 morphological characters showed that morphological variations of character traits between C. gueryi and C. buehleri are widely overlapping and that no morphological feature can effectively split specimens into two clear groups. Molecular characters corroborated these results, as specimens from both groups were only separated by a 2% p-distance, a genetic distance that is coherent with their potentially high dispersal abilities. We thus consider C. gueryi as a junior synonym of C. buehleri. Finally, C. buehleri is characterised mainly by a styliform and characteristically indented rostrum and a long stylocerite. Detailed re-descriptions of the type specimens of C. buehleri and C. gueryi are given, as well as their geographical and ecological distribution.

Taxonomic revision of Carex chungii (Cyperaceae; sect. Mitratae) and allied species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
XIAO-FENG JIN
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Specific Rank

In this paper, Carex chungii and other five names at species rank, plus one variety and one form, all from of C. sect. Mitratae, were revised. They constitute a group of morphologically very similar taxa, difficult to tell apart. Our study was based on literature survey, fieldwork, herbarium specimens, statistical analysis of morphological characters and SEM observations of achenes and perigynia. Analysis of morphological data of 94 individuals from eleven populations using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed five clusters, which we consequently considered to correspond to five species. The achenes of Carex genkaiensis were strikingly different from all the other species regarding achene apex contracted into a 0.2–0.5 mm long neck-like appendage (vs. into a discoid-annulate style-base), as well as its perigynium indumentum (pubescent vs. sparsely pubescent). Carex anhuiensis, C. xuanchengensis and C. truncatirostris f. erostris are all synonymized to C. truncatirostris. The previously recognized Carex kamagariensis from Japan is synonymized to C. chungii. Carex chungii var. rigida is recognized as specific rank and the new name C. nanpingensis is proposed. Our study is the first effort to address the taxonomy of this complicate group as a whole in its entire range.

scholarly journals Exploring systematic biases, rooting methods and morphological evidence to unravel the evolutionary history of the genus Ficus (Moraceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Rasplus ◽  
Lillian Jennifer Rodriguez ◽  
Laure Sauné ◽  
Yang-Qiong Peng ◽  
Anthony Bain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gc Content ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Fig Trees

ABSTRACTDespite their ecological and evolutionary importance as key components of tropical ecosystems, the phylogeny of fig trees is still unresolved. We use restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing (ca 420kb) and 102 morphological characters to elucidate the relationships between 70 species of Ficus representing all known subgenera and sections and five outgroups. We compare morphological and molecular results to highlight discrepancies and reveal possible inference bias. We analyse marker and taxon properties that may bias molecular inferences, with existing softwares and a new approach based on iterative principal component analysis to reduce variance between clusters of samples. For the first time, with both molecular and morphological data, we recover a monophyletic subgenus Urostigma and a clade with all gynodioecious fig trees. However, our analyses show that it is not possible to homogenize evolutionary rates and GC content for all taxa prior to phylogenetic inference and that four competing positions for the root of the molecular tree are possible. The placement of the long-branched section Pharmacosycea as sister to all other fig trees is not supported by morphological data and considered as a result of a long branch attraction artefact to the outgroups. Regarding morphological features and indirect evidence from the pollinator tree of life, the topology that divides the genus Ficus into monoecious versus gynodioecious species appears most likely. Active pollination is inferred as the ancestral state for all topologies, ambiguity remains for ancestral breeding system including for the favored topology, and it appears most likely that the ancestor of fig trees was a freestanding tree. Increasing sampling may improve results and would be at least as relevant as maximizing the number of sequenced regions given the strong heterogeneity in evolutionary rates, and to a lesser extent, base composition among species. Despite morphological plasticity and frequent homoplasy of multiple characters, we advocate giving a central role to morphology in our understanding of the evolution of Ficus, especially as it can help detect insidious systematic errors that tend to become more pronounced with larger molecular data sets.

scholarly journals Keragaman Beberapa Aksesi Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Adi Setiadi ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Dan Sintho Wahyuning Ardie
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. or black turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae is one of the important medicinal plant that is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including in Indonesia. This plant has been used by the people especially as raw material for medicine and cosmetics industries. However, the development of black turmeric is still constrained by the availability of germplasm collection and improved varieties. The objective of this study was to determine the vegetative morphological characters and phylogenetic relationship among 10 accessions of black turmeric and 3 accessions of genus Curcuma in Indonesia. Data was collected for 15 morphological quantitative characters of black turmeric at the Experimental Garden at Sukamantri IPB based on UPOV and PPVFRA descriptors. The result of principal component analysis has determined three principal components with the proportion of diversity 73.94%. Cluster analysis three clusters accession of black turmeric, namely cluster 1 consisted of accession Cianjur, Malang, Rimbo, and Kendal; cluster 2 consisted of accession Bogor, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), Liwa, Natar, white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe.); cluster 3 consisted of accession Cirebon, Kuningan 1, and Kuningan 2. Keywords: cluster, component analysis, germplasm, medicinal plant, phylogenetic

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