scholarly journals Potentials of mangrove ecosystem as storage of carbon for global warming mitigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilah Dinilhuda ◽  
Aji Ali Akbar ◽  
Jumiati ◽  
Henny Herawaty
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption

Abstract. Dinilhuda A, Akbar AA, Jumiati, Herawati H. 2020. Potential of mangrove ecosystem as carbon storage for global warming mitigation. Biodiversitas 21: 5353-5362. The mangrove ecosystem in Karimunting Bay of West Kalimantan, Indonesia is one of the conservation areas with an area of 138.2 ha. Vegetation making up of that mangrove ecosystem is dominated by Avicennia marina. The existence of mangroves has a role in carbon storage. The ability to store carbon in mangrove forest ecosystems is four times greater than in other tropical forests around the world. Mangrove stems have the greatest ability in storing carbon by up to 55.52%. The research objective was to analyze the potential for carbon storage in the fringe mangrove ecosystem which was dominated by A. marina. This research method is based on a survey of vegetation density in the field. The survey was carried out in Karimunting Bay in three parts of the bay, north, central, and south. Each part of the bay consists of two locations, namely at the front of the breakwater towards the sea and behind the breakwater towards the land. Each location consisted of a plot of 10 x 10 with five replications. The vegetation parameters measured are the types of growth forms, the mangrove ecosystem species, and the diameter and height of the trees, as well as environmental parameters (pH, temperature, and salinity). Destructive method was used on A. marina stems for estimating analysis of mangrove carbon storage in the laboratory. A. marina stem samples were used to test the carbon content with LOI (Lost on Ignition) analysis. Analysis of changes in mangrove area is based on the 2009 and 2019 landscape images. The results show that the mangrove ecosystem of Karimunting Bay has a total density of 177,480 individuals/ha. The amount of carbon storage reached 99,231  mg/ha in 2019 and predictions of total carbon storage over the last 10 years are as much as 13,717,951 tons. Deposits of carbon in fringe mangrove illustrate the carbon dioxide absorption potential of 36,390,608 tons of CO2. The amount of CO2 absorption in fringe mangrove ecosystem type plays a role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with a conditional target according to the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2030 of 834 million tons of CO2 to prevent temperature increases.

scholarly journals Kajian Perubahan Luasan untuk Prediksi Simpanan Karbon Ekosistem Mangrove di Desa Kaliwlingi, Kabupaten Brebes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Faishal Widiaputra Nugraha ◽  
Rudhi Pribadi ◽  
Anindya Wirasatriya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Composite Band ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki potensi besar dalam penyerapan CO2 dari atmosfer. Jumlah kadar CO2 yang tersimpan pada ekosistem mangrove semakin berkurang seiring menyusutnya luasan ekosistem mangrove tersebut. Ekosistem mangrove Kabupaten Brebes diduga telah mengalami perubahan luasan sehingga berpengaruh terhadap jumlah CO2 yang terserap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan luasan dan prediksi simpanan karbon ekosistem mangrove di Desa Kaliwlingi, Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2019 dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Citra yang digunakan adalah citra satelit Landsat tahun 1996, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2015, dan 2019. Pengolahan citra dilakukan dengan bantuan software Er Mapper 7.0 dan Arcmap 10.4.1. Tahapan identifikasi mangrove menggunakan komposit band RGB 564, kemudian dilakukan pemisahan obyek mangrove dan non mangrove dengan menggunakan metode unsupervised classification. Metode analisis kerapatan mangrove yang digunakan adalah algoritma NDVI. Perhitungan nilai kandungan biomassa berdasarkan rumus allometrik tiap spesies. Perubahan luasan ekosistem mangrove di Desa Kaliwlingi, Kabupaten Brebes tahun 1996 - 2019 berturut-turut adalah 51,84 ha, 114,30 ha, 43,29 ha, 163,62 ha, 286,38 ha dan 475,65 ha. Sedangkan prediksi nilai simpanan karbon total adalah ± 689,57 ton, ± 1474,18 ton, ± 541,07 ton, ± 2612,17 ton, ± 4324,36 ton, dan ± 6778,30 ton. Nilai simpanan karbon total pada ekosistem mangrove di Desa Kaliwlingi, Kabupaten Brebes meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya luasan ekosistem mangrove tersebut.  Mangrove ecosystems have great potential in absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. The amount of CO2 stored in the mangrove ecosystem decreases as the area of the mangrove ecosystem shrinks. The mangrove ecosystem area of Brebes Regency was justified decreased as well as the CO2 absorption. This study aims to determine changes in the extent and predictions of carbon stock of mangrove ecosystems in Kaliwlingi village, Brebes Regency. This research was conducted in May 2019 using descriptive methods. The imagery used was Landsat satellite imagery in 1996, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2015 and 2019. Image processing was carried out with the help of Er Mapper 7.0 and Arcmap 10.4.1 software. The stages of mangrove identification using the RGB 564 composite band, then the separation of mangrove and non-mangrove objects was carried out using the unsupervised classification method. The mangrove density analysis method used was the NDVI algorithm. Calculation of biomass value based on the allometric formula for each species. Changes in the extent of mangrove ecosystems in Kaliwlingi village, Brebes Regency in 1996 - 2019 were 51.84 ha, 114.30 ha, 43.29 ha, 163.62 ha, 286.38 ha and 475.65 ha, respectively. While the predicted values of total carbon stock were ± 689,57 ton, ± 1474,18 ton, ± 541,07 ton, ± 2612,17 ton, ± 4324,36 ton, dan ± 6778,30 ton. The values of total carbon stock in the mangrove ecosystem in Kaliwlingi village, Brebes Regency was increased along with the expansion of the mangrove ecosystem.

scholarly journals Production of Rhizophora Mangrove Leaf Litter in The Sungai Bersejarah Mangrove Ecosystem, Siak Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
E Efriyeldi ◽  
B Amin ◽  
T Hersa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation

Abstract The mangrove ecosystem is one of the coastal ecosystems that has important ecological roles and functions in supporting marine and fishery resources. Marine and fisheries resources are largely determined by the contribution of mangrove litter. The aims of this study was to determine the production of Rhizophora mangrove leaf litter in Sungai Bersejarah mangrove ecosystem, and to determine the value of environmental parameters related to litter. The research was conducted in January until March 2021 in Sungai Bersejarah mangrove area Kayu Ara Permai, Siak Regency. Line transect plot were used to calculate the density of Rhizophora. Rhizophora litter production was measured using the trap net method placed at three sampling site. Three litter trap nets measuring 1 m x 1 m are placed at each station. Rhizophora tree density ranges from 316 - 444 ind./ha. The production of Rhizophora mangrove leaf litter in Sungai Bersejarah mangrove ecosystem was 0.82 – 1.39 g/m2/day (3.00 – 5.09 ton/ha/year), average was 4.11 ton/ha/year. Analysis of variance test showed that there was a significant difference in Rhizophora leaf litter production between sampling points with different Rhizophora tree densities (p<0.05). Mangrove vegetation density has a moderate relationship (r=0.43) to the production of Rhizophora mangrove leaf litter. Environmental parameters indicate that the condition of the Sungai Bersejarah mangrove ecosystem is still good and can support the life of mangrove vegetation.

scholarly journals ESTIMASI KANDUNGAN KARBON (C) PADA SERASAH DAUN MANGROVE DI DESA LANSA, KECAMATAN WORI, KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Fadli Tidore ◽  
Antonius Rumengan ◽  
Calvyn F.A. Sondak ◽  
Remy E.P. Mangindaan ◽  
Heard C.C. Runtuwene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wet Weight

Global warming is one of the environmental issues related to climate change. Coastal blue carbon ecosystems such as mangrove and seagrass have ability to combat global warming. Mangrove ecosystem has an important ecological function in efforts to mitigate global warming, by carbon storage. This study was done in Lansa Village mangrove forest and focused on mangrove leaf litter. The purpose of this study was to estimate carbon content in mangrove leaf litter. Leaf litter samples were collected by using a 1x1 m2 litter trap, which was made of black nylon with a mesh size of about 0.2 cm, 8 traps were put under mangrove trees canopy, with a height of 1.5 m above sea level or at the highest tide. The samples were taken and observed every 7 days. The samples were analyzed by using Dry-Ash Method. The results showed that the average litter production of gram wet weight (Gbb) and gram dry weight obtained during the study were 122.97 gbb m2/28 days, 4.39 gbb m2/28 days, 47.69 gbk m2/28 days, 1.83 gb m2/day. The average of mangrove leaf litter biomass is 30.12 g m2. The highest amount of carbon storage in mangrove litter was 19.30 gram C. The average value of the percentage of carbon content of all plots was 31.38% per day. Based on these results the estimated amount of carbon removal in mangrove leaves was 2.16 t C ha-1 y-1 or 337.18 t C y-1.and 1,237.45 t CO2 y-1.Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis yang sangat penting dalam upaya mitigasi pemanasan global, yakni sebagai penyerap dan penyimpan karbon Hutan mangrove juga memiliki peran sebagai penyerap karbon dioksida (CO2) dari udara sehingga sangat berguna untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untung mengestimasi kandungan karbon pada serasah daun mangrove di hutan mangrove Desa Lansa, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode litter trap yang berukuran 1x1 m2, yang terbuat dari nylon berwarna hitam dengan ukuran mata jaring (mesh size) sekitar 0,2 cm, sebanyak 8 buah dipasang di bawah kanopi pohon mangrove, dengan ketinggian 1,5 m di atas permukaan air laut atau pada pasang tertinggi untuk menampung jatuhnya serasah dan diamati setiap 7 hari. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata produksi serasah gram berat basah (Gbb) dan gram berat kering yang didapat selama penelitian, sebesar 122,97 gbb/m2/28hr, 4,39 gbb/m2/hr, 47,69 gbk/m2/28hr, 1,83 gbk/m2/hr. rata-rata biomassa serasah daun mangrove sebesar 41,07. Jumlah simpanan karbon tertinggi pada serasah mangrove sebesar 19,30 gram C. Nilai rata-rata persentase kandungan karbon dari semua plot adalah sebesar 31,38% per hari, berdasarkan hasil penelitian jumlah estimasi kandungan karbon yang tersimpan pada serasah daun mangrove 2,16 ton/ha/tahun.

scholarly journals A re-evaluation of wetland carbon sink concepts and measurements: A diagenetic solution down sediments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gallagher ◽  
Sophia Johannessen ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Chee Hoe Chuan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Mitigation ◽  
Allochthonous Inputs ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Carbon ◽  
Original Time ◽  
Annual Deposition

Aquatic canopy ecosystems ability to mitigate greenhouse gases (GHG) is currently based on the rate of sedimentary organic carbon accumulation (CA) and the protection of vulnerable stocks from remineralisation. However, remineralisation of allochthonous inputs constrains CA as sequestration, assessments neglect remineralisation over climatic scales, and often fail to account for recalcitrant material. The article clarifies the meaning of stock and sequestration as mitigation services through their net ecosystem production (NEP) and addresses the concerns through a series of hypothetical evolving ecosystems. A diagenetic solution is proposed that accounts for continuous remineralisation of CA and the remineralised fraction of labile allochthonous inputs to estimate the NEP. The solution was applied and tested for a seagrass and mangrove ecosystem. Uncorrected and corrected average CA was greater than the cal. NEP values by a factor of two for the seagrass and 30 for the mangrove. Nevertheless, the NEP values fell within reported ranges i.e., 27.6 g C m-2 yr-1 (mangrove) and 7.2 g C m-2 yr-1 (seagrass). The overestimate was largely maintained after including vulnerable stocks in the total carbon accreditation calculus. However, with the inclusion of CA, the total average carbon mitigation rates converged to 1 124 (seagrass) and 1 783 g C m-2 yr-1 (mangroves), when argued, in some circumstances, as a vulnerable stock concept after hindcasting to their original time of annual deposition. Mitigation concepts and measurements require re-evaluation and will assure that carbon credits are not overvalued, which would otherwise permit GHG emissions above the capacity of the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Carbon storage variability in seagrass meadows of Marine Poton Bako, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1626-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
FIRMAN ALI RAHMAN ◽  
IBNUL QAYIM ◽  
YUSLI WARDIATNO
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
The Impact

Rahman FA, Qayim I, Wardiatno Y. 2018. Carbon storage variability in seagrass meadows of Marine Poton Bako, EastLombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1626-1631. The increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration in the lastdecades leads to global warming, having an adverse effect on the environment condition on the Earth. One of the natural mechanism asan effort to reduce the impact of global warming is carbon absorption and storage through photosynthesis mechanism of seagrassvegetation. Research conducted at Poton Bako, a district in East Lombok was aimed to reveal the composition of seagrass species,density, seagrass coverage, the biomass of seagrass tissue, content of carbon storage in seagrass tissue (above and below substrates),carbon content in seagrass sediments, and estimation of carbon stock in the area. The research included observation of speciescomposition, and the sample was collected from 0.5 m × 0.5 m plot area. The total plot area was 36 on six lanes with the space betweenplots 25 m and between lanes 100 m. Six species from two families were found in the seagrass meadows, i.e., Cymodocea rotundata,Enhalus acoroides, Halophila minor, Holodule uninervis, Thalassia hemprichii and Thalassodendron ciliatum. The three highest totaldensities were C. rotundata 214.67±110.469 stands m-2, T. hemprichii 85.11±41.471 stands m-2, and H. minor 42.22±44.204 stands m-2.Species with the highest coverage value at all observation plots was C. rotundata (33.47±26.748 %), and T. ciliatum had the lowestvalue (2.12±5.071 %). The total biomass was 676.32 g DW m-2 with biomass above substrate 329.94±57.725 g DW m-2 and belowsubstrate 654.88±81.199 g DW m-2. The carbon content of substrate ranged from 0.11% to 0.51% with the average of 0.35±0.081%,which was categorized low. The total average of carbon storage in seagrass was 447.92 g C m-2 comprising 142.77 g C m-2 of theirtissue above substrate and 305.15 g C m-2 below substrate. Regarding the area, the total carbon stored in seagrass meadows with 56.65ha area was 249.27 t C ha-1.

scholarly journals Assessment and Potential of Carbon Storage Capacity of Species of Herbaceous Plants in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Main Campus, Batu Pahat, Johor Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Yunusa Audu ◽  
Alona C. Linatoc ◽  
Aisha I
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide CO2 is an important trace gas in earth's atmosphere. It is a greenhouse gas that plays a vital role in regulating the earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. Increase beyond the ambient concentration leads to global warming. Increase in CO2 discharge in UTHM (238.9 ha), due to increase in a number of vehicles; other greenhouse gases released from building amenities and dis-charges from neighbouring industries appeals for attention. Study was conducted on seven common species of herbaceous plants for their capacity in sequestering CO2. Estimation of carbon storage of herbaceous plants was obtained by the assessments of the aboveground standing biomass and their photosynthetic capacity. Musa sp has the highest CO2 absorption of 12.2µmol m-2 s-1, followed by Heliconia. psittacorum (10.63µmol m-2 s-1). Euphorbia tithymaloides and Costus spicatus has the lowest absorption with 3.63 and 3.76 µmol m-2 s-1 respectively. Calathea lutea and Hymenocallis latifolia shared the highest biomass accumulation of 0.04 kg. These were followed by E. tithymaloides and Alpinia purpurata with 0.02 kg. The least biomass of 0.01 kg was accumulated by H. psittacorum and C. spicatus. The total standing biomass captured by all the species of herbaceous plants is 0.13 kg. Therefore, species of herbaceous plants in UTHM have the potentials to absorb an adequate amount of CO2 from the atmosphere thereby contributing to reducing-the effects of localized global warming.

scholarly journals Carbon Dynamics in the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2030 Using Landsat Land Use/Cover Change Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingye Li ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Jean-Michel Guldmann ◽  
Shicheng Li ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Land use/cover change (LUCC) has an important impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle. The spatial distribution of regional carbon reserves can provide the scientific basis for the management of ecosystem carbon storage and the formulation of ecological and environmental policies. This paper proposes a method combining the CA-based FLUS model and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model to assess the temporal and spatial changes in ecosystem carbon storage due to land-use changes over 1990–2015 in the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB). Furthermore, future ecosystem carbon storage is simulated and evaluated over 2020–2030 under three scenarios of natural growth (NG), cropland protection (CP), and ecological protection (EP). The long-term spatial variations in carbon storage in the QLB are discussed. The results show that: (1) Carbon storage in the QLB decreased at first (1990–2000) and increased later (2000–2010), with total carbon storage increasing by 1.60 Tg C (Teragram: a unit of mass equal to 1012 g). From 2010 to 2015, carbon storage displayed a downward trend, with a sharp decrease in wetlands and croplands as the main cause; (2) Under the NG scenario, carbon reserves decrease by 0.69 Tg C over 2020–2030. These reserves increase significantly by 6.77 Tg C and 7.54 Tg C under the CP and EP scenarios, respectively, thus promoting the benign development of the regional ecological environment. This study improves our understanding on the impact of land-use change on carbon storage for the QLB in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP).

On the Ethics of International Religious/Spiritual Gatherings and Academic Conferencing in the Era of Global Warming: A Case Study of the Parliament of The World’s Religions Melbourne 2009 - Part 1

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Almut Beringer ◽  
Steven Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Academic Events ◽  
Special Responsibility

Global climate change and its impacts have ethical dimensions, for instance carbon footprint equity concerns. World issues, including the state of the ecosphere and biodiver­sity, regularly see political leaders, NGOs, business representatives, religious/spiritual orga­nizations, academics, and others engage in international aviation-dependent meetings to address critical challenges facing humanity and the planet. Yet, climate scientists and advocates call for an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 to cap the increase in global temperatures to 2ºC. Aviation emissions resulting from international meetings raise questions that are not silenced by GHG emissions offsetting. The era of climate change and ‘peak oil’ poses ethical challenges for holding international in-person religious and academic events, especially when the events propound an environmentalist concern and when aviation use is assumed. This paper raises ques­tions regarding the ecological impacts of large international events and focuses the ‘inconvenient truths’ associated with international aviation in the era of global warming. The Parliament of the World’s Religions, the largest multifaith gathering in the world, serves as a case study. The paper emphasizes the view that faith-based/faith-inspired organizations have a special responsibility for leadership in policy and praxis on the moral imperatives of sustainability, sustainable development and climate justice.

scholarly journals Estimating Carbon Sequestration Rates and Total Carbon Stockpile in Degraded and Non-Degraded Sites of Oak and Pine Forest of Kumaun Central Himalaya

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Jina ◽  
Pankaj Sah ◽  
M. D. Bhatt ◽  
Y. S. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
The People ◽  
Forest Sites

We calculated the rates at which CO2 is being sequestered in two different forest types of Himalaya. For our comparative study we took the degraded and non-degraded sites of pine and oak forests in Kumaun Central Himalaya. The Van Panchayats (VPs) or Community Forests are managing the nondegraded forest sites for centuries, and from this research we have come to know that the sequestration of CO2 in these non-degraded forests is significantly greater than the degraded forests. The paper recommends the significance of community forests in both Uttarakhand and the world, and advocates that if we want to fight against global warming, we must encourage the community forests and that the people living in severe poverty in these forest areas who become the unsung heroes in the war against global warming, must be paid in lieu of saving their forests, which ultimately become the sink for increased CO2 worldwide. This business or ‘carbon trading' will indeed evolve as the panacea against the war against global warming. Key words: Carbon sequestration, community forests, Van Panchayats, green house gases, global warming, carbon trading.   doi: 10.3126/eco.v15i0.1946 ECOPRINT 15: 75-81, 2008

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