scholarly journals Assessment of biological and agronomic diversity of seven durum wheat varieties cultivated in the Northeastern region of Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NABIL BOUDERSA ◽  
GHANIA CHAIB ◽  
ATOUI AICHA ◽  
RADIA CHERFIA ◽  
HANANE BOUDERBANE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Abstract. Boudersa N, Chaib G, Atoui A, Cherfia R, Bouderbane H, Boudour L. 2021. Assessment of biological and agronomic diversity of seven durum wheat varieties cultivated in the Northeastern region of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 1025-1036. The present work was carried out during the 2017/2018 agricultural season, at the experimental station of the ‘Institut Technique des Grandes Cultures’ (ITGC) – El Khroub, Constantine, Algeria. The main objective of this study was the evaluation and the characterization of seven varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in terms of their behavior and yield. For these reasons, several phenological, morpho-physiological, and biochemical traits, as well as the yield with its components were studied. The obtained results showed a significant variety effect, in particular, for the variables corresponding to the production and to the tolerance. The analysis of the correlation coefficients indicated that the number of spikes per m2, the number of grains spike-1, and the rate of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves were the most related characteristics to grain yield. Indirect selection for breeding productivity through these traits could prove to be effective. Besides, it revealed that tall varieties displayed better resistance to possible hazards; had high relative water content (RWC), accumulated more soluble sugars and proline, as well as, they showed a low level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to other varieties. In addition, this study allowed us to determine many relationships between the studied parameters, that can make a contribution in both the productivity and the adaptation improvement programs of the durum wheat.

scholarly journals Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4461
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asaad Bashir ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
Sobia Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Cr Toxicity ◽  
Relative Water

Soil pollution with heavy metal is a serious problem across the globe and is on the rise due to the current intensification of chemical industry. The leather industry is one of them, discharging chromium (Cr) in huge quantities during the process of leather tanning and polluting the nearby land and water resources, resulting in deterioration of plant growth. In this study, the effects of biochar application at the rate of 3% were studied on four maize cultivars, namely NK-8441, P-1543, NK-8711, and FH-985, grown in two different tannery polluted Kasur (K) and Sialkot (S) soils. Maize plants were harvested at vegetative growth and results showed that Cr toxicity adversely not only affected their growth, physiology, and biochemistry, but also accumulated in their tissues. However, the level of Cr toxicity, accumulation, and its influence on maize cultivars varied greatly in both soils. In this pot experiment, biochar application played a crucial role in lessening the Cr toxicity level, resulting in significant increase in plant height, biomass (fresh and dry), leaf area, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, and relative water content (RWC) over treatment set as a control. However, applied biochar significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL), antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline content, soluble sugars, and available fraction of Cr in soil as well as Cr (VI and III) concentration in root and shoot tissues of maize plant. In addition to this, maize cultivar differences were also found in relation to their tolerance to Cr toxicity and cultivar P-1543 performed better over other cultivars in both soils. In conclusion, biochar application in tannery polluted soils could be an efficient ecofriendly approach to reduce the Cr toxicity and to promote plant health and growth.

scholarly journals The influence of salt stress on the morpho physiological and biochemical parameters of durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Chiahi ◽  
Louhichi Brinis
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Wheat is an important cereal in terms of human consumption in many countries of the world. It is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean countries. In these areas, salinity of soils and irrigation water is one of the limiting factors in plant productivity and agricultural yield. The present work consisted in evaluating the morpho-physiological and biochemical behavior of two durum wheat varieties V1 (Gta dur), V2 (Vitron) subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl during the germination phase and the growth phase in the laboratory. The results obtained showed several revelations in terms of morphological imbalance (leaf area, germination percentage, root length, physiological variation, decrease or increase of assimilating pigments, Relative Water Content (RWC), etc), and biochemical bioaccumulation (proline, soluble sugars, proteins and elevation of activity of CAT antioxidant enzymes). At the level of treatments, the development of the seedlings of two varieties was better on soil salty and sprinkled with water than in the presence of saline concentrations. A certain tolerance of the two genotypes was particularly marked in the Vitron variety against salt stress.

scholarly journals Adaptive potential of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties of Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Kh. N. Rustamov ◽  
Z. I. Akparov ◽  
M. A. Abbasov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Husbandry ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Background. Studies into the adaptability of the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and their wild relatives to various environments are induced by global climate change. Introduction of adaptive wheat cultivars resistant to environmental stressors is the basis for stable harvests. This article presents the results of a research into the adaptive value of indigenous durum wheat varieties and improved cultivars released in different years in Azerbaijan.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the foothills of Mountainous Shirvan under unsecured non-irrigation at Gobustan Experiment Station of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. In 2012–2014, contrasting in weather conditions, levels and structure of yield were analyzed. VIR’s guidelines were used to study 42 durum wheat varie ties, including 10 landraces. The years of study differed sharply in rainfall. Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient was used to assess the conditions of growing seasons.Results. Mostly modern cultivars of the semi-intensive type were distinguished for a set of agrobiological traits. Adaptability coefficients (0.81–1.23) showed that the response of the studied varieties to unfavorable conditions was highly expressed. Indigenous landraces ‘Ag bughda’ and ‘Bozak’, old breeding varieties ‘Arandani’, ‘Ag bughda 13’, ‘Kahraba’ and ‘Mirbashir 50’, and new cultivars ‘Karagilchig 2’ and ‘Barakatli 95’ had the highest adaptability coefficients. The first of them demonstrated stable yield, and the latter two were also resistant to stressors.Conclusion. Durum wheat yields under the conditions of moderately continental climate in Mountainous Shirvan depended on the number and weight of grains per ear. The varieties identified for the best adaptability are recommended to be included in crosses to develop new plastic cultivars of durum wheat. 

Changes in the yield components of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) during irrigation controlled by soil sensors

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bányai ◽  
É. Láng ◽  
Z. Bognár ◽  
C. Kuti ◽  
T. SpitkÓ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soil Sensors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

The effect of irrigation water on the yield and on individual yield components was examined for 19 durum wheat varieties by continually recording weather data and carrying out measurements on the moisture content, temperature, electrical conductivity and tension of the soil. Dry (rain-fed) and irrigated treatments were included in the experiment, which was carried out in the framework of the EU FP7-244374 DROPS project.During the rainless spring of 2011 the soil moisture content of the non-irrigated area dropped to 21–22 vol% and the effect of drought stress was still felt at harvest. The quantity of irrigation water applied during the growing season ensured normal conditions for generative development and a significant difference could be detected between the yield components in the two treatments. The thousand-kernel weight of the varieties was identical in the dry and irrigated plots, but in response to irrigation there was an increase in the number of grains per ear and the grain weight, and an improvement in fertilisation, resulting in higher yields.

scholarly journals Participatory variety selection and stability analysis of Durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.) in northwest Amhara

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1746229
Author(s):  
Molla Mekonnen ◽  
Getenet Sharie ◽  
Muluken Bayable ◽  
Amleku Teshager ◽  
Eshetie Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection

scholarly journals Phenotyping of Different Italian Durum Wheat Varieties in Early Growth Stage With the Addition of Pure or Digestate-Activated Biochars

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Latini ◽  
Fabio Fiorani ◽  
Patrizia Galeffi ◽  
Cristina Cantale ◽  
Annamaria Bevivino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Varieties

This study aims to highlight the major effects of biochar incorporation into potting soil substrate on plant growth and performance in early growth stages of five elite Italian varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum). The biochars used were obtained from two contrasting feedstocks, namely wood chips and wheat straw, by gasification under high temperature conditions, and were applied in a greenhouse experiment either as pure or as nutrient-activated biochar obtained by incubation with digestate. The results of the experiment showed that specific genotypes as well as different treatments with biochar have significant effects on plant response when looking at shoot traits related to growth. The evaluated genotypes could be clustered in two main distinct groups presenting, respectively, significantly increasing (Duilio, Iride, and Saragolla varieties) and decreasing (Marco Aurelio and Grecale varieties) values of projected shoot system area (PSSA), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and plant water loss by evapotranspiration (ET). All these traits were correlated with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.98. Concerning the treatment effect, a significant alteration of the mentioned plant traits was observed when applying biochar from wheat straw, characterized by very high electrical conductivity (EC), resulting in a reduction of 34.6% PSSA, 43.2% FW, 66.9% DW, and 36.0% ET, when compared to the control. Interestingly, the application of the same biochar after nutrient spiking with digestate determined about a 15–30% relief from the abovementioned reduction induced by the application of the sole pure wheat straw biochar. Our results reinforce the current basic knowledge available on biological soil amendments as biochar and digestate.

scholarly journals The structure of productivity elements of durum wheat varieties of Saratov selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
Eduard G. Hachaturov ◽  
◽  
Valeria V. Korobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

The objects of the study were plants of 14 varieties of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf., permitted for use at different times in the period from 1975 to 2014. An analysis of the elements of ear productivity in durum wheat plants of Saratov varieties under the conditions of 2020 was carried out. The varietal features of the development of the spike of the main shoot were revealed according to a number of characteristics: the number of spikelets in a spike, the number of grains in an ear, the weight of a grain, the number of ungrained and grained spikelets. The height of the plant and the length of the spike were measured. On the basis of the data obtained, the selection indices were calculated – the Canadian index, the Mexican index, the index of the linear density of the ear, the morphogenetic index of productivity. A cultivar with a balanced type of morphogenetic systems was revealed in terms of the elements of ear productivity – the number of spikelets, the number of caryopses and their weight – Luch 25. This cultivar is characterized by the most developed embryonic shoot among the studied cultivars, as well as the maximum length of the embryonic root system and a high growth rate root system of the seedling.

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