scholarly journals The influence of salt stress on the morpho physiological and biochemical parameters of durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Chiahi ◽  
Louhichi Brinis
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Wheat is an important cereal in terms of human consumption in many countries of the world. It is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean countries. In these areas, salinity of soils and irrigation water is one of the limiting factors in plant productivity and agricultural yield. The present work consisted in evaluating the morpho-physiological and biochemical behavior of two durum wheat varieties V1 (Gta dur), V2 (Vitron) subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl during the germination phase and the growth phase in the laboratory. The results obtained showed several revelations in terms of morphological imbalance (leaf area, germination percentage, root length, physiological variation, decrease or increase of assimilating pigments, Relative Water Content (RWC), etc), and biochemical bioaccumulation (proline, soluble sugars, proteins and elevation of activity of CAT antioxidant enzymes). At the level of treatments, the development of the seedlings of two varieties was better on soil salty and sprinkled with water than in the presence of saline concentrations. A certain tolerance of the two genotypes was particularly marked in the Vitron variety against salt stress.

Selection of Dry Pea (Pisum Sativum) Varieties and their Performance by Comparison with Barley and Wheat in Mediterranean Environments

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-481
Author(s):  
A. Hadjicristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYThe possibility of growing dry peas in the semi-arid areas of Mediterranean countries was assessed by comparing dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties with the highest yielding barley and durum wheat varieties under rainfed conditions and with supplementary irrigation in Cyprus. The yield of barley cv. Kantara was greater than that of the best pea variety selected, PS 210713, especially under the driest conditions, but the differences between cereals and dry pea varieties were smaller when grown in areas where there was more rain or where supplementary irrigation was supplied. The protein content of the dry seeds and straw of the peas was higher than those of the cereals. It is concluded that selected varieties of dry peas could be grown in dry Mediterranean areas, particularly in rotation with barley or wheat.Pisum sativum L. para zonas mediterráneas

scholarly journals Proteins and Metabolites as Indicators of Flours Quality and Nutritional Properties of Two Durum Wheat Varieties Grown in Different Italian Locations

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Sara Graziano ◽  
Nelson Marmiroli ◽  
Giovanna Visioli ◽  
Mariolina Gullì
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
The Impact

Durum wheat is an important food source in Mediterranean countries, and Italy is the major producer of durum wheat in Europe. The quality of durum wheat flours depends on the type and amount of gluten proteins and starch while flour nutritional value rests on metabolite contents such as polyphenols. In this work, two Italian cultivars, Iride and Svevo, were analyzed for two years (2016–2017) in four Italian regions to explore how the environment affects: (i) reserve proteome; (ii) starch content and composition; and (iii) free, conjugated, bound phenolics and antioxidant capacity. The impact of environmental and meteorological conditions was significant for many traits. Regardless of the cultivation site, in 2017, a year with less rainfall and a higher temperature during grain filling, there was an increase in low molecular weight glutenins, in the glutenin/gliadin ratio and in the A-type starch granules size, all parameters of higher technological quality. In the same year, the cultivars showed higher amounts of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the two wheat cultivars, selected for their medium to high yield and their good quality, had higher performances in 2017 regardless of their sowing locations.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Seed Germination to Salt Stress in Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU ◽  
Ilias TRAVLOS ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Dimitrios BILALIS
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Teff is an annual grass originated in Ethiopia, grown for both human food and animal feed. Salinity and moisture stress are the main limiting factors of agricultural development on arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity due to NaCl on germination of teff. A set of experiments was conducted under a completely randomized design with four replications of 200 seeds at two different suboptimal germination temperatures (15 and 25 °C) in the dark for 10 days. In order to create salt stress conditions during the germination process, seven solutions were used (0 as control, 80, 160, 240 and 320, 400 and 480 mM NaCl). The germination performance was evaluated by final germination percentage and mean germination time. The presence of NaCl reduced germination, especially above 240 mM for 15 °C and 400 mM for 25 °C. The mean germination time increased with higher NaCl levels.

scholarly journals Antioxidant defense and secondary metabolites concentration in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) plants as affected by salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zhaleh SOHEILIKHAH ◽  
Nasser KARIMI ◽  
Masoud MODARRESI ◽  
Seyed Yahya SALEHI-LISAR ◽  
Ali MOVAFEGHI
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

Salt stress is one of the major limiting factors for plant production, and the quality of medicinal plants is also affected by soil salinity. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) plants were cultivated for four weeks in perlite: sand and irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl. Plants growth was decreased by salt stress while the leaf relative water content was not affected, and the chlorophyll content decreased only by the highest salt concentration (200 mM). Sodium was accumulated at small amounts, indicating a high ability of this species to exclude salt. Soluble sugars and proline were accumulated up to 1.6 and 4.5 fold, respectively. The antioxidant enzymes activity (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) were increased by the salt treatments, particularly in the leaves. The levels of secondary metabolites (saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and iridoids) were all increased under salt stress, and the total antioxidant capacity of alcoholic extract of the leaves and roots was significantly higher in the salt-treated compared with control plants. Our results showed that hyssop is a salt-tolerant species, and the quality of this medicinal plant is improved when grown under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Distinctive Traits for Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Chevilly ◽  
Laura Dolz-Edo ◽  
Gema Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Luna Morcillo ◽  
Alberto Vilagrosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a crop with important agronomic interest worldwide. Because of the increase of drought and salinity in many cultivation areas as a result of anthropogenic global warming, the obtention of varieties tolerant to these conditions is a major objective for agronomical improvement. The identification of the limiting factors for stress tolerance could help to define the objectives and the traits which could be improved by classical breeding or other techniques. With this objective, we have characterized, at the physiological and biochemical levels, two different cultivars (sensitive or tolerant) of two different melon varieties (Galia and Piel de Sapo) under controlled drought or salt stress. We have performed physiological measurements, a complete amino acid profile and we have determined the sodium, potassium and hormone concentrations. This has allowed us to determine that the distinctive general trait for salt tolerance in melon are the levels of phenylalanine, histidine, proline and the Na+/K+ ratio, while the distinctive traits for drought tolerance are the hydric potential, isoleucine, glycine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, serine, and asparagine. These could be useful markers for breeding strategies or to predict which varieties are likely perform better under drought or salt stress. Our study has also allowed us to identify which metabolites and physiological traits are differentially regulated upon salt and drought stress between different varieties.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Wheat Germplasm for Salt Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Quan ◽  
Xiaoli Liang ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Chunjuan Xie ◽  
Wenxing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Salinity is one of the limiting factors of wheat production worldwide. A total of 334 internationally derived wheat genotypes were employed to identify new germplasm resources for salt tolerance breeding. Salt stress caused 39, 49, 58, 55, 21 and 39% reductions in shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot height (SH) and root length (RL) of wheat, respectively, compared with the control condition at the seedling stage. The wheat genotypes showed a wide genetic and tissue diversity for the determined characteristics in response to salt stress. Finally, 12 wheat genotypes were identified as salt-tolerant through a combination of one-factor (more emphasis on the biomass yield) and multifactor analysis. In general, greater accumulation of osmotic substances, efficient use of soluble sugars, lower Na+/K+ and a higher-efficiency antioxidative system contribute to better growth in the tolerant genotypes under salt stress. In other words, the tolerant genotypes are capable of maintaining stable osmotic potential and ion and redox homeostasis and providing more energy and materials for root growth. The identified genotypes with higher salt tolerance could be useful for developing new salt-tolerant wheat cultivars as well as in further studies to underline the genetic mechanisms of salt tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals Variations in α–, β–Amylase and α–Glycosidase Activities in Two genotypes of Wheat Under NACL Salinity Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaffei Haouari Chiraz ◽  
Hajjaji Nasraoui Afef ◽  
Bouthour Donia ◽  
Gouia Houda
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract Two wheat differing in salt sensitivity, was examined for osmolyte contents and activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes involved in seeds germination, in absence as well as in presence of 100, 150, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. The inhibitory effects of NaCl differed, depending on the species tested. In wild wheat specie (Triticum monococcum), with reduced germination percentage and lower relative water content, the increase in NaCl concentration resulted in the decrease in endogenous level of proline, total soluble sugars and activities of the main enzymes involved in the germination process. In contrast, cultivated wheat specie (Triticum aestivum) seed in response to salt stress accumulated higher proline and total soluble carbohydrate concentrations which improved their water status and the enzyme activities involved in the germination process. Differential response of the different species of wheat to salt stress is governed by the accumulation of osmolytes in seeds.

scholarly journals Assessment of biological and agronomic diversity of seven durum wheat varieties cultivated in the Northeastern region of Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NABIL BOUDERSA ◽  
GHANIA CHAIB ◽  
ATOUI AICHA ◽  
RADIA CHERFIA ◽  
HANANE BOUDERBANE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Abstract. Boudersa N, Chaib G, Atoui A, Cherfia R, Bouderbane H, Boudour L. 2021. Assessment of biological and agronomic diversity of seven durum wheat varieties cultivated in the Northeastern region of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 1025-1036. The present work was carried out during the 2017/2018 agricultural season, at the experimental station of the ‘Institut Technique des Grandes Cultures’ (ITGC) – El Khroub, Constantine, Algeria. The main objective of this study was the evaluation and the characterization of seven varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in terms of their behavior and yield. For these reasons, several phenological, morpho-physiological, and biochemical traits, as well as the yield with its components were studied. The obtained results showed a significant variety effect, in particular, for the variables corresponding to the production and to the tolerance. The analysis of the correlation coefficients indicated that the number of spikes per m2, the number of grains spike-1, and the rate of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves were the most related characteristics to grain yield. Indirect selection for breeding productivity through these traits could prove to be effective. Besides, it revealed that tall varieties displayed better resistance to possible hazards; had high relative water content (RWC), accumulated more soluble sugars and proline, as well as, they showed a low level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to other varieties. In addition, this study allowed us to determine many relationships between the studied parameters, that can make a contribution in both the productivity and the adaptation improvement programs of the durum wheat.

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