scholarly journals Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) dung and their associated fungi: Potential candidates for bio-remediation and nutrients improvement of crude oil contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nwazuo Enyiukwu ◽  
INENESIT N. BASSEY ◽  
GRACE AMARACHI NWAOGU ◽  
N.U. ASAMUDO ◽  
LWANGA AZUBUIKE CHUKWU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Coprophilous Fungi ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Bassey IN, Nwaogu GA, Asamudo NU, Chukwu LA, Monday EA, Maranzu JO. 2021. Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) dung and their associated fungi: Potential candidates for bio-remediation and nutrients improvement of crude oil contaminated soils. Biodiversitas 22: 3276-3286. Pig dung a common agro-waste material in Nigeria is associated with many fungal saprophytes.  Rising oil spillages and pollution in Nigeria have made cultivation of affected agro-lands un-rewarding. Potentials of pig dung in mitigating crude oil pollution in agro-soils are herein studied. The objectives of this study were to characterize the fungal profile associated with wet and dry dung of pig. And to evaluate the remediating impacts of pig dung and their associated fungi on crude oil and heavy metals contents, physicochemical properties, and phytotoxicity of crude oil polluted soils. Coprophilous fungi were isolated from wet and dry dung by moist chamber technique and identified. Utisoil from Umudike was polluted with crude oil, amended with 10-40% of dry pig dung and sown with soybean (Glycine max L.). The amended and un-amended crude oil contaminated utisols were analyzed to reduce crude oil and heavy metals contents; and physicochemical properties at planting, and harvesting, respectively, using classical and spectrometric methods, and the extent of crude oil and heavy metals removal determined. The percentage germination, height, number of leaves, leaf color, vigor, and biomass of the test crop were recorded from the test plant. The results showed that Aspergillus candidus, Sclerotium sp., Absidia sp., Acremonium sp., Candida tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, and Rhizopus oryzae were consistently isolated from the dry dung specimen than the wet one. The results also indicated that the treatments significantly reduced the treated soils' crude oil and heavy metals contents. It revealed that values obtained for residual oil or heavy metals contents of the treated soils and crop performance were inversely and directly related to levels of soil amendment respectively. Crop performance in the amended soil remained statistically (P?0.05) higher compared to the control. Soil analyses showed that the dung treatments significantly increased the values of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, etc. in a directly proportional manner. Therefore, pig dung and their associated fungi hold strong potentials as cheap eco-friendly platforms to provide and stimulate microbial growth, hasten degradation and removal of crude oil and heavy metals from contaminated soils; and thus permit and sustain good performance of arable crops.

scholarly journals Microbiological Characteristics and Heavy Metal Pollution of Crude Oil Contaminated Water Bodies in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Popoola, Taye Precious ◽  
David. N. Ogbonna ◽  
J. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Filter Feeder

Crude oil exploration has been beneficial to our economy but detrimental to our environment with the artisanal refineries further compounding the challenge. This research was aimed at investigating the microbiology and heavy metal pollution of three crude oil polluted rivers in Rivers State, Nigeria and effects on living organisms inhabiting that environment. This study was carried out in three locations in South-South Nigeria (Eagle Island, Iwofe and Chokocho rivers). A total of 64 water samples (upstream and downstream points) were collected using appropriate containers and sterile polyethene bags for 6 crab samples for a period of three months. Water and crab samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method while microbiological analysis involved isolation and enumeration of microbial populations of the water and crab samples as well as characterization and identification of the isolates using standard methods Results showed Total Heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranged from 6.0 × 106 cfu/ml to 9.0 × 108cfu/ml for the downstream locations and 1.7 × 106cfu/ml to 3.5 × 107cfu/ml for the upstream locations. Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF) ranged from 2.0 × 104cfu/ml to  1.1 × 105cfu/ml  for downstream locations and 0.1 × 104cfu/ml to  4.0 × 104cfu/ml  for upstream locations, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) ranged from 0.8 × 103cfu/ml to  4.0 × 103cfu/ml in downstream locations and 2.0 × 103cfu/ml to  7.4 × 103cfu/ml in upstream locations, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF) ranged from 1.0 × 103cfu/ml to  6.0 × 103cfu/ml for downstream locations and 5.0 × 102cfu/ml to  8.0 × 103cfu/ml for upstream locations.   The bacteria identified biochemically included Serratia sp., Enterobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. for the crab samples and Bacillus sp. was dominant in the water samples (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus carboniphilus). The heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr and Pb) were below the DPR permissible limit but are likely to increase since the activities leading to pollution are still ongoing. The crab as a filter feeder, had higher concentration of heavy metals and microbial population and the location with the highest crude oil pollution (14.5mg/l) had the lowest THB (6.0 × 106cfu/ml) as physicochemical parameters like the amount of Dissolved Oxygen had been altered.

Effects of clonal integration and crude oil pollution on soil physicochemical properties in a Phragmites australis wetland

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
王婉丽 WANG Wanli ◽  
袁庆叶 YUAN Qingye ◽  
董必成 DONG Bicheng ◽  
高俊琴 GAO Junqin ◽  
韩广轩 HAN Guangxuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Clonal Integration ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil Pollution

Toxicity Assessment of some Crude Oil Contaminated Soils in the Niger Delta

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Aisien ◽  
J.C. Chiadikobi ◽  
E.T. Aisien
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters

This paper considered the toxicity assessment of some crude oil contaminated soils in Niger Delta areas. The soil samples were collected from different horizontal distances, vertical depths and contaminated soil of different ages. The heavy metals in the contaminated soils were digested and extracted using di-acid digested and DTPA extraction methods respectively. The physiochemical parameters (moisture content, pH, N, P and heavy metals (Ni, Pb and Cd) were analysed with APHA method. The heavy metals concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that the metals concentration decreased with the age of the contaminated soil and with increased vertical depths. However, the metals concentrations were almost constant at different horizontal distances. Similar trend was observed for the moisture content, pH, N, P and K.

scholarly journals Management Evaluate and Review Solutions to Reduce Soil Pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Beykzade ◽  
Sepide Beykzade
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Natural Mixture

Crude oil is a complex natural mixture that is one of the main sources of energy for life. Oil pollution has unpleasant effects on the environment that can cause many problems for human beings, since the toxicity and carcinogenesis of oil compounds for living creatures and humans are obvious and proven. The oil-contaminated soils and waters are one of the most important environmental issues. Scientists have proved different ways to clean up oil pollution throughout history. In this research, ways to reduce and eliminate pollution of crude oil in the soil are going to be studied. The following methods are suggested : The use of electrochemical methods for reducing the aromatic contamination of crude oil, The use of biodegradable and synthetic detergents for the removal of oil hydrocarbons, bioremediation of soil contaminated with plants. Finally, by reviewing the results obtained, solutions can be found to clean up the pollution of crude oil from the soil, Because cleaning up crude from soil reduces environmental degradation.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Concentrations of Crude Oil on Some Physicochemical Properties of Agricultural Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ikuesan Felix Adeleke ◽  
Boboye Bolatito Esther ◽  
Adetuyi Fatusi Clement
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

This research investigated the effects of varying concentrations of crude oil on some physicochemical characteristics of crude oil polluted agricultural soils from Igodan- Lisa, Oba-Ile and Ido-Ani areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. The soil samples were exposed to 1-4% (w/w) crude oil and analyzed monthly for six periods using standard physical and chemical analytical techniques. Results indicated that the physicochemical properties were altered. The physicochemical parameters varied with increase in the amount of crude oil spilled and time. The pH and moisture contents (MC) progressively decreased with increase in concentration of crude oil applied to the samples. Polluted soils had lower pH values (4.91- 6.17) and MC (15.24% to 26.83%) relative to control samples. The organic matter content increased with increased amount of crude oil spilled in the range of 6.65-10.93%. The organic carbon contents progressively increased with concentration of crude oil and sampling days. At 4% crude oil pollution, the organic carbon content in the samples were 6.04-8.28%, 5.39-7.82% and 6.05-8.21% for Igodan-Lisa, Oba-Ile and Ido-Ani soils respectively at 0-180 days of experiment. The changes in soil physicochemical suggested that soil integrity and quality is altered by crude oil contamination. The increased acidity with time also suggested the release of acidic metabolites in bioremediation by intrinsic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Microbiological and Physicochemical Assessment of Sediment in Bodo Community, Rivers State, Niger Delta

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
E. Eseosa Ediae ◽  
I. Cliff Ediae ◽  
U. Okon Edet ◽  
I. Ubi Bassey ◽  
E. Nkagafel Mbim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Iron Chromium

Crude oil pollution is common place in the Niger Delta despite well known adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial biodiversities. Triplicate sediment samples were obtained from Bodo community in Ogoni Land, Niger Delta and made into a composite sample. The sample was then evaluated for physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polyaromatic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), total heterotrophic bacteria (THBC), and fungi (THFC) using standards methodologies. Concentration profile of heavy metals was iron (Fe) > chromium (Cr) > zinc (Zn) > nickel (Ni) > vanadium (V) in decreasing order. Furthermore, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate, sulphate were 884.53, 12.32, 34.45, and 26.76 mg/kg, respectively. TPH and PAH concentrations were 30,797 and 52.12 mg/kg, respectively. Nitrate, iron, chromium, nickel, TPH, and PAH all failed to meet regulatory standards. TPH failed to meet Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN) target and intervention values of 50 and 5,000 mg/kg, respectively. Total heterotrophic bacteria and fungi counts were observed to decrease with days of incubation in crude oil. The findings in the study reveal worrisome levels of TPH, PAH, iron, chromium, and nickel, and impact on microbial diversity. Thus, there is a need for periodic monitoring of sediments and water bodies in the Niger Delta.

Physicochemical Characterization of Sus scrofa domesticus Fat and a Preliminary Evaluation of its Potential as a Matrix Former in Ibuprofen Granules

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
C.O. Uzochukwu ◽  
S.O. Eraga ◽  
F.E. Eichie
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
Ibuprofen Release

Background: There is an increasing interest and search for local and natural sources as active pharmaceutical excipients.Purpose: The study aimed at investigating the physicochemical characteristics of Sus scrofa domesticus (SSD) fat and its potential as a matrix former in ibuprofen granule formulations.Methods: SSD fat was extracted from the domestic pig by wet rendering and purified. The fat was characterized for its organoleptic and physicochemical properties and used in the formulation of batches of ibuprofen granules by melt granulation using varying concentrations (5.0-15%w/w). Conventional granules were formed with maize starch (15%w/w) for control. Formulated granules were evaluated for flow properties, encapsulated in hard gelatin capsules and subjected to in-vitro drug release studies.Results: SSD fat was snow white in colour. Soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. pH of the fat was 7.4, viscosity (147.4 millipascal), peroxide value (11.0 meq/kg), acid value (3.4) and saponification value (196.3). Granules formulated with SSD fat exhibited poor flowability and their dissolution profiles showed retardation in ibuprofen release with increase in fat concentrations. Granules formulated with 5.0 and 10%w/w of the fat exhibited 43 and 27% ibuprofen release within 4 h while the conventional granules showed a drug release of 98% within 1.0 h.Conclusion: The physicochemical properties of SSD fat was found to possess favourable potential properties relevant in the formulation of a drug delivery system. The retardation of ibuprofen release from the granules showed that SSD fat has a potential application as a matrix former in controlled release formulation. Keywords: Sus scrofa domesticus, ibuprofen, matrix granules, dissolution profiles

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