scholarly journals Effects of Varying Concentrations of Crude Oil on Some Physicochemical Properties of Agricultural Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ikuesan Felix Adeleke ◽  
Boboye Bolatito Esther ◽  
Adetuyi Fatusi Clement
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

This research investigated the effects of varying concentrations of crude oil on some physicochemical characteristics of crude oil polluted agricultural soils from Igodan- Lisa, Oba-Ile and Ido-Ani areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. The soil samples were exposed to 1-4% (w/w) crude oil and analyzed monthly for six periods using standard physical and chemical analytical techniques. Results indicated that the physicochemical properties were altered. The physicochemical parameters varied with increase in the amount of crude oil spilled and time. The pH and moisture contents (MC) progressively decreased with increase in concentration of crude oil applied to the samples. Polluted soils had lower pH values (4.91- 6.17) and MC (15.24% to 26.83%) relative to control samples. The organic matter content increased with increased amount of crude oil spilled in the range of 6.65-10.93%. The organic carbon contents progressively increased with concentration of crude oil and sampling days. At 4% crude oil pollution, the organic carbon content in the samples were 6.04-8.28%, 5.39-7.82% and 6.05-8.21% for Igodan-Lisa, Oba-Ile and Ido-Ani soils respectively at 0-180 days of experiment. The changes in soil physicochemical suggested that soil integrity and quality is altered by crude oil contamination. The increased acidity with time also suggested the release of acidic metabolites in bioremediation by intrinsic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Organic carbon determination in histosols and soil horizons with high organic matter content from Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
Ademar Espíndula Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Soil taxonomy systems distinguish mineral soils from organic soils based on the amount of soil organic carbon. Procedures adopted in soil surveys for organic carbon measurement are therefore of major importance to classify the soils, and to correlate their properties with data from other studies. To evaluate different methods for measuring organic carbon and organic matter content in Histosols and soils with histic horizons, from different regions of Brazil, 53 soil samples were comparatively analyzed by the methods of Walkley & Black (modified), Embrapa, Yeomans & Bremner, modified Yeomans & Bremner, muffle furnace, and CHN. The modified Walkley & Black (C-W & B md) and the combustion of organic matter in the muffle furnace (OM-Muffle) were the most suitable for the samples with high organic carbon content. Based on regression analysis data, the OM-muffle may be estimated from C-W & B md by applying a factor that ranges from 2.00 to 2.19 with 95% of probability. The factor 2.10, the average value, is suggested to convert results obtained by these methods.

scholarly journals The color of refractory organic carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Debret ◽  
Yoann Copard ◽  
Antonin Van Exem ◽  
Geneviève Bessereau ◽  
Frank Haeseler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Wide Range

Organic matter studies find an echo within different topics such as biogeochemical cycles, processes occurring in continental surfaces, anthropogenic activities, climate science, earth and planetary sciences, etc. Today’s challenges include finding and developing the most appropriate method(s) supporting the differentiation and characterisation of various types of recalcitrant organic matter in modern environments. In this study, we focus on combustion residues and coals as these two types of organic matter contain a significant amount of so-called recalcitrant organic carbon (black carbon and fossil organic carbon). Both these materials are ubiquitous, broadly stem from the same living organisms and have similar polyaromatic structures. In this respect, we tested a spectrophotometry method, classically used for sedimentology, as a very fast method for preliminary investigations. Analyses were performed with a wide range of standards and referenced samples. The results discriminate three different spectral signatures related to the degree of transformation of organic matter related to the degree of aromaticity (i.e. carbonisation). Using calibration curves, total organic carbon content can be estimated in experimental mixes with mineral matter and in a real context using subsurface sample (Gironville 101 borehole, Paris Basin, France). This method has particularly high sensitivity to very low organic matter content and is shown to be promising for a rapid evaluation of the organic carbon content.

scholarly journals The effects of Insects on the Physicochemical Characteristics During Composting

2019 ◽  
pp. 2426-2432
Author(s):  
Sayran Yousif Jalal ◽  
Nihal Suhail Hanna ◽  
Yahya Ahmed Shekha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Composting Process

     Insects have a vital role in solid waste composting process. Insects are detritus feeders that enhance changing the physical and chemical properties of decomposed materials during composting processes. This behavior makes insects excellent organisms in recycling of organic matter. The present study assesses the success of insects’ population in relation with the degradation of solid waste.  The study was carried out in the glass house facility of the College of Science, Salahaddin University in Erbil City, Kurdistan region of Iraq, using household organic waste. During composting process, three stages of lifecycle of insects were observed and recorded. The total number of insects reached to 1268 individuals, belonging to the orders Coleoptera and Diptera, class Insects. Diptera individuals were the most abundant insects with 95.4% of the total belonged to four families (Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Ulidiidae and Milichiidae). Coleoptera individuals represented 4.6% of the total number, belonging to three families (Promecheilidae, Staphylinidae and Salpingidae). The measured physicochemical characteristics of the compost included: pH, EC, moisture, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and organic matter. The pH value of the composts ranged from 7.79 to 7.97. Organic carbon content and organic matter content ranged from 20.16 to 26.99 % and 34.67 to 46.23 %, respectively. It can concluded that household waste compost is not just a waste but has the potential to be transformed into a good quality organic fertilizer through composting. Composting can convert solid organic waste into a valuable added material.

Characterization of organic matter content of Hungarian agricultural soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
M. Nadi ◽  
E. Sedaghati ◽  
G. Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Uv Absorbance

Humic substances have proved to be very important fractions in soils, playing a key role especially in agricultural soil and influencing chemical and physical soil properties. Spectroscopic methods are widely used to identify the quality of soil humic substances. In this study, 16 soil samples were selected from the Soil Bank of the Soil Science Laboratory at Szent István University, Gödöllő. The samples were extracted using the Hot Water Percolation (HWP) method and the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in each fraction was measured. The kinetics of the DOC extraction process with the HWP method was estimated. The Ultraviolet Visible (UV-VIS) technique was used to characterize the properties of HWP-dissolved organic carbon (HWP-DOC), measuring absorbance at 200–700 nm. Among the humification parameters, the absorbance ratios at 254 and 365 nm (E2/E3) and 465 and 665 nm (E4/E6), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and the UV absorbance ratio index (URI) were estimated. The K factor (humus stability coefficient) and E2/E3 and E4/E6 in NaOH and NaF extracts were also measured. The properties of HWP-DOC were similar in most of the soil samples. There was a good correlation between the content of HWP-DOC and the absorbance at 254 nm. URI, SUVA, E2/E3 and E4/E6 indicated that most of the HWP-DOC in the samples consisted of fulvic acid components with greater activity, simpler structure and low molecular weight.

scholarly journals Bulk density and organic carbon contents of soil pedons influenced by different tree species

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
C.M. Ahukaemere ◽  
D.N. Osujieke ◽  
V.O. Ugwa ◽  
A.O. Ogwuche
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria

Abstract. Bulk density and organic matter content of soil are important soil attributes used in predicting the productivity potentials of soil and overall soil quality. The distribution of soils bulk density and organic carbon in horizons of soil pedons under different three tree species (Hevea brasiliensis – rubber, Pentaclethra macrophylla – oil bean and Irvingia gabonensis – ogbono) in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria were investigated. A random survey method was used in field sampling. In all, three profile pits were dug, one in each site. A total of 36 soil samples were collected and analyzed for the study. Samples were collected at different horizon levels (A, AB, Bt1 and Bt2). Three representative samples were collected from each horizon. Bulk density, organic carbon and other routine analyses were performed using routine laboratory techniques. Mean, coefficient of variation and correlation analyses were analyzed. From the results obtained bulk density increased with depth, ranging from 1.05-1.81 g cm-3 in the rubber plantation, 1.02-1.70 g cm-3 in ogbono plantation and 1.11-1.57 g cm-3 in oil bean plantation. Bulk density decreased with the increase the organic carbon content. However, mean bulk density values irrespective of tree species did not exceed critical limits ranging from 1.28 to 1.32 g cm-3 as appropriate. Organic carbon ranged from 0.06-0.89 g kg-1 in rubber plantation, 0.42-0.87 g kg-1 in ogbono plantation and 0.72-1.25 g kg-1 in oil bean plantation. The epipedal horizons contained higher organic carbon than the endo-pedal horizons. The average organic carbon contents of the pedons were lower than the critical value irrespective of the tree species. The oil bean plantation had higher organic carbon and total nitrogen than the ogbono and rubber plantation while the ogbono plantation contained higher available phosphorus than the other two plantations studied.

Role of Humified Organic Matter in Herbicide Adsorption

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Organic matter is the soil constituent most often associated with herbicide adsorption. Structural diversity makes humified organic material an ideal substrate for the adsorption of many pesticides, but variability in composition and distribution in situ complicates interpretation of its quantitative effect on adsorption. Variability in the adsorption distribution coefficient (KD) of a herbicide among soils often is due to differences in organic matter content and can be reduced by adjusting KDfor soil organic carbon content and computing the organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc). Koccan be estimated from the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of organic compounds, but the correlation weakens as compound polarity increases. Kocalso can be correlated with aqueous solubility if a correction is made for the melting point of compounds that are solids at 25 C. Relative adsorption can be estimated from parachor and molecular connectivity indices; but corrections are needed for polar compounds, and correlations with KDor Kochave been variable. Such predictive methods may be useful for broad classification purposes, but accurate extrapolation generally requires site-specific adsorption measurements. Empirical models which accommodate the multiple regression of organic matter content and other soil properties such as clay content, pH, and cation exchange capacity on herbicide adsorption can increase accuracy, but interpretation may be restricted to a small number of sites.

scholarly journals Phosphorus affects enzymatic activity and chemical properties of cotton soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Huiyi Huang ◽  
Hongyi Zhao ◽  
Houqiang Xia ◽  
Miao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil C

Pot experiments were conducted in 2017 with two cotton cultivars (CCRI 79 and LMY 28) and three phosphorus (P) levels: 3, 8 and 12 mg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/kg as P<sub>0</sub>, P<sub>1</sub> and P<sub>2</sub>, respectively. In this study, the soil water-soluble organic carbon content increased as the soil available P (AP) increased, while there were no significant variations for soil total organic matter content among the three AP levels. The activities of invertase, cellulase and urease in cotton soil decreased significantly in the P0. There were positive correlations between invertase and cellulose activities with soil organic carbon and inorganic-nitrogen (N); these correlated negatively with soil C/N ratio and AP level. In addition, high soil AP can raise soil AP and enhance alkaline phosphatase activity, which had a significant negative relationship with the soil C/P ratio. Urease activity had a significant positive relationship with soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, C/P and N/P, as well as a negative correlation with soil C/N. Moreover, soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N in the P<sub>1</sub> and P<sub>2</sub> were lower than in the P<sub>0</sub>, which might be an effect of high AP on soil N availability.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of organic matter in the surface sediments of Ubatuba Bay (Southeastern - Brazil)

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
LETICIA BURONE ◽  
PABLO MUNIZ ◽  
ANA MARIA S. PIRES-VANIN ◽  
MARCELO RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fast Evaluation

Analyses of organic matter content, organic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and granulometric variables were performed on 101 surface sediment samples from Ubatuba Bay in order to investigate the spatial distribution of organic matter, its origin and the relationships among its components. The samples were obtained with a manual corer, from water depths between 1 and 15m during 5 cruises of the R/V "Veliger II'', two months apart. Pearson correlation, regression and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Strong correlations between organic matter and fine sediment fractions were obtained. The PCA revealed at least two main sample groups that reflect the different environmental conditions prevalent in the bay. There is a simple linear relationship between organic carbon content and the organic matter content determined by the calcination technique. Taking into account that the analysis of organic matter content is less expensive and less time consuming than the analysis of organic carbon, the present method of estimation can be useful when fast evaluation of the organic carbon content is needed for samples from similar environments.

scholarly journals Long-Term Carbon Accumulation in Temperate Swamp Soils: A Case Study from Greenock Swamp, Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Dazé ◽  
Eunji Byun ◽  
Sarah A Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Wetland Types

Abstract Wetlands that develop peat are a globally significant pool of soil carbon. While some wetland types such as bogs and fens are well characterized by the consistent development of carbon-rich peat, swamps soils are more variable both in terms of their carbon densities and accretion rates. Subcategorizing swamps by forest type may be a useful way of understanding this variability. Here we provide a case study of carbon accumulation in two distinct forest stands of Greenock Swamp located in the Great Lakes – St Lawrence mixed forest region in Bruce County, Ontario, Canada: an Acer - Fraxinus (maple-ash) dominant stand (i.e., broad-leaved swamp) and a Thuja occidentalis (cedar) dominant stand (i.e., needle-leaved swamp). Organic matter and organic carbon contents were analyzed among seven Acer - Fraxinus soil cores and one Thuja occidentalis core collected from Greenock Swamp. The Acer - Fraxinus cores had peat depths ranging from 18-60 cm with a mean organic matter content of 54% and an organic carbon content of 34% of dry mass. The Thuja occidentalis swamp core had at least 4 m of almost homogeneous peat with a mean organic matter content of 89%. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the Acer - Fraxinus swamp accumulates peat episodically whereas the Thuja occidentalis swamp showed continuous peat accumulation since the Middle Holocene. Overall, both broad-leaved and needle-leaved swamps have important soil carbon stocks, and are prevalent wetland types in middle latitudes. Both need to be considered to fully represent the carbon pools and potential sink of temperate wetlands.

Conserving the Organic Matter Content of the Soil to Sustain Sugarcane Yield

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Yadav ◽  
S. R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Combined Application

SummaryIn two field experiments conducted over five successive sugarcane crops (including four ratoon crops), yield decline was associated with a decrease in the organic carbon content of the soil. Reduction in cane yield was minimized by the combined application of farmyard manure and urea, which resulted in an increase in soil organic carbon of 0.023% over the initial status within five years. Incorporation of farm waste materials such as cane trash, rice straw and legume husk into the soil before cane planting also increased the soil organic carbon content. Maximum benefits, however, were produced by the incorporation of legume husk with 150 kg N ha−1. A judicious mixture of chemical fertilizer and organic manures is therefore suggested as a means of sustaining the productivity of sugarcane.

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