Abstract: Grain Coatings and Reservoir Quality Preservation: Role of Coating Completeness, Grain Size and Thermal History

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
BONNELL, L.M., and R.H. LANDER, Geo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Reservoir Quality

Analytical electron microscopy of grain boundaries in Al-Cu metallizations

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1684-1685
Author(s):  
J. R. Michael ◽  
A. D. Romig ◽  
D. R. Frear
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cu Metallization ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Interconnect Lines

Al with additions of Cu is commonly used as the conductor metallizations for integrated circuits, the Cu being added since it improves resistance to electromigration failure. As linewidths decrease to submicrometer dimensions, the current density carried by the interconnect increases dramatically and the probability of electromigration failure increases. To increase the robustness of the interconnect lines to this failure mode, an understanding of the mechanism by which Cu improves resistance to electromigration is needed. A number of theories have been proposed to account for role of Cu on electromigration behavior and many of the theories are dependent of the elemental Cu distribution in the interconnect line. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the distribution of Cu within the Al interconnect as a function of thermal history. In order to understand the role of Cu in reducing electromigration failures better, it is important to characterize the Cu distribution within the microstructure of the Al-Cu metallization.

scholarly journals On the role of grain size on slurry erosion behavior of a novel medium-carbon, low-alloy pipeline steel after induction hardening

Wear ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 203678
Author(s):  
Vahid Javaheri ◽  
Oskari Haiko ◽  
Saeed Sadeghpour ◽  
Kati Valtonen ◽  
Jukka Kömi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Slurry Erosion ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Erosion Behavior

scholarly journals Magmatic Focusing to Mid-Ocean Ridges: The Role of Grain-Size Variability and Non-Newtonian Viscosity

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4342-4355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Turner ◽  
Richard F. Katz ◽  
Mark D. Behn ◽  
Tobias Keller
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Newtonian Viscosity ◽  
Ocean Ridges ◽  
Size Variability

scholarly journals The Role of Microstructure on the Tensile Plastic Behaviour of Ductile Iron GJS 400 Produced through Different Cooling Rates—Part II: Tensile Modelling

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angella ◽  
Donnini ◽  
Ripamonti ◽  
Górny ◽  
Zanardi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Interlamellar Spacing ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Plastic Behaviour ◽  
Microstructure Parameters ◽  
Explicit Correlation

Tensile testing on ductile iron GJS 400 with different microstructures produced through four different cooling rates was performed in order to investigate the relevance of the microstructure’s parameters on its plastic behaviour. Tensile flow curve modelling was carried out with the Follansbee and Estrin-Kocks-Mecking approach that allowed for an explicit correlation between plastic behaviour and some microstructure parameters. In the model, the ferritic grain size and volume fraction of pearlite and ferrite gathered in the first part of this investigation were used as inputs, while other parameters, like nodule count and interlamellar spacing in pearlite, were neglected. The model matched very well with the experimental flow curves at high strains, while some mismatch was found only at small strains, which was ascribed to the decohesion between the graphite nodules and the ferritic matrix that occurred just after yielding. It can be concluded that the plastic behaviour of GJS 400 depends mainly on the ferritic grain size and pearlitic volume fraction, and other microstructure parameters can be neglected, primarily because of their high nodularity and few defects.

Role of Grain Size in Strength Variability of Alumina

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1928-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiderio Kovar ◽  
Michael J. Readey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Strength Variability

A ‘milky mass’ and ‘uniform material’: white marble in eighteenth-century French discourses on sculpture and geology

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Marthe Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Denis Diderot ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
White Marble ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Network

Knowledge of the materiality of stone during the Enlightenment expanded following the exploration of mineralogical structure, to alter ideas about taxonomy and challenge the role of rocks in the history of the earth. Close studies of the material of marble sculpture generated expertise on grain size, surface varieties and stone deposits. This mode of reception became intertwined with contemporary controversies about the age of the earth. This article focuses on both French sculpture and geological discourses of the eighteenth century to reveal an international and interdisciplinary network centring on protagonists such as Denis Diderot, Paul-Henri Thiry d’Holbach and Étienne-Maurice Falconet; through these figures, debates can be connected concerning both geology and art theory. Within these contexts, the article discusses the translation processes between these artistic and geological interests.

scholarly journals Effect of Grain Size Distribution on Recrystallisation Kinetics in an Fe-30Ni Model Alloy

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Ji ◽  
Claire Davis ◽  
Martin Strangwood
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Avrami Exponent ◽  
Model Alloy ◽  
Avrami Parameter ◽  
In Situ Heating

This paper discusses the role of grain size distribution on the recrystallisation rates and Avrami values for a Fe-30 wt. % Ni steel, which was used as a model alloy retaining an austenitic structure to room temperature. Cold deformation was used to provide uniform macroscopic strain distributions (strains of 0.2 and 0.3), followed by recrystallisation during annealing at 850–950 °C. It was shown that the Avrami parameter was directly related to the grain size distribution, with a lower Avrami exponent being seen for a larger average and wider grain size distribution. A method to predict the Avrami exponent from the grain size distribution was proposed. In situ heating in an SEM with EBSD showed the recrystallisation kinetics to be affected by differences in stored energy and nucleation in the different grain sizes supporting the proposed relationship.

The relationship between thermal history and microstructure in spray-deposited tin-lead alloys

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1433-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Bewlay ◽  
B. Cantor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Substrate Interface ◽  
Spray Deposit

Gas-atomized spray deposition involves the creation of a spray of droplets by a gas atomizer and the consolidation and solidification of these droplets on a substrate. The present paper describes an investigation of the fundamental characteristics of heat transfer and solidification during spray deposition. Spray deposition was used to manufacture Sn-15 and 38 wt. % Pb preforms using atomizer-substrate distances of 180 and 360 mm, gas flow rates of 2.5 and 3.4 g/s, and melt flow rates of 61 and 35 g/s. Analytical and numerical models were developed to predict the thermal history of the spray deposit for a range of deposit-substrate heat transfer coefficients. A deposit-substrate heat transfer coefficient of ∼104 W m−2 K−1 was determined by comparing measured and calculated spray-deposit thermal histories both during and after spray deposition. Microstructural analysis of transverse sections of the spray deposits revealed maximum values of spray-deposit density and cell/grain size at specific distances from the deposit-substrate interface. The distance between the density and cell/grain-size maxima and the deposit-substrate interface increased from 0.9 to 10 mm for Sn–15 wt. % Pb and from 2.6 to 11.3 mm for Sn–38 wt. % Pb as the atomizer-substrate distance was increased from 180 to 360 mm and the melt to gas mass flow rate ratio was decreased from 24 to 10. The origin of these microstructural features is described in terms of heat transfer during spray deposition.

scholarly journals The Role of Microstructure on Tensile Plastic Behavior of Ductile Iron GJS 400 Produced through Different Cooling Rates, Part I: Microstructure

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Angella ◽  
Dario Ripamonti ◽  
Marcin Górny ◽  
Stefano Masaggia ◽  
Franco Zanardi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Graphite Nodule ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Metallography ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
X Ray

A series of samples made of ductile iron GJS 400 was cast with different cooling rates, and their microstructural features were investigated. Quantitative metallography analyses compliant with ASTM E2567-16a and ASTM E112-13 standards were performed in order to describe graphite nodules and ferritic grains. The occurrence of pearlite was associated to segregations described through Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. Results were related to cooling rates, which were simulated through MAGMASOFT software. This microstructural characterization, which provides the basis for the description and modeling of the tensile properties of GJS 400 alloy, subject of a second part of this investigation, highlights that higher cooling rates refines microstructural features, such as graphite nodule count and average ferritic grain size.

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