EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND ANNUAL SEASONS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASSES UNDER GRAZING - DOI: 10.13083/1414-3984.v22n04a05

The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of six grasses subjected to different irrigation depths and seasons. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized arrangement with two replications in a split-split plot design. The treatments included plots with six grasses (Xaraés, Mombaça, Tanzania, Pioneiro, Marandu and Estrela), six irrigation depths for the split-plots (0%, 18%, 45%, 77%, 100% and 120% of the reference value provided by the tensiometer), and two seasons as the split-split plots (autumn/winter and spring/summer). A line source sprinkler system was used for application of the irrigation depths. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and IVDMD were evaluated and obtained in accordance with literature. The factors studied affect the CP. However in the autumn/winter season the grasses presented differences in the NDF content, where Estrela presented the largest and Pioneiro the smallest NDF contents. The season and irrigation depths did not affect the NDF. Estrela grass presented the smallest IDVMD and the autumn/winter season resulted in greater digestibility for the grasses Xaraés, Mombaça and Tanzania only. The irrigation depths had an effect on some combinations of grasses and seasons.

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Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1045-1052

Author(s):

Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽

Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽

José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽

Kelly Moura Keller ◽

Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

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Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of lichens

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.6.1.569 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Torstein H. Garmo

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

In Vitro Method ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Protein 4.2 ◽

The Mean

The chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of 45 samples of different species of lichen are reported. Mean content (g/100 g dry matter) of the main nutrients was: crude protein 4.2, crude fat 3.2, crude fibre 16.6, ash 1.9, Ca 0.15, P 0.09, Mg 0.05, K 0.13, Na 0.035, S 0.07. The content of microminerals (mg/kg dry matter) was: Cu 2.5, Mo 0.11, Zn 27.2, Se 0.12, Fe 898, Mn 154. The mean in vitro dry matter digestibility was 35%. However, the in vitro method do underestimate the dry matter digestibility of lichens. Stereocaulon spp. showed higher levels of crude protein, P, S, Cu and Mo than Cetraria spp. and Cladonia spp. Cetraria nivalis showed higher digestibility and contained more NFE, ash, Ca, Mg, but less crude fibre than Cladonia stellaris. Lichens contained less amounts of most nutrients compared with grasses (Fig. 1), exept for crude fat, NFE, Se and Fe.Kjemisk innhald og in vitro fordøyelsesgrad av lav.Abstract in Norwegian / Samandrag: Kjemisk innhald og in vitro fordøyelsesgrad av tørrstoffet er bestemt i 45 prøver av beitelav frå to stader i Sør-Noreg. Middel innhald (g/100g tørrstoff) av følgjande næringsstoff var: protein 4.2, feitt 3.2, trevlar 16.6, oske 1.9, kalsium 0.15, fosfor 0.09, magnesium 0.05, kalium 0.13, natrium 0.035, svovel 0.07. Innhaldet (mg/kg tørrstoff) av mikronæringsstoffa var: kopar 2.5, molybden 0.11, sink 27.2, selen 0.12, jern 898 og mangan 154. Den midlare fordøyelsesgraden av tørrstoffet i lav-prøvene var 35%, men in vitro fordøyelsesanalyser undervurderer fordøyelsesgraden av lav. Det var ein stor variasjon mellom dei ulike lavartane for dei fleste næringsstoffa og fordøyelsesgraden. Stereocaulon spp. inneheldt meir protein, fosfor, svovel, kopar og molybden enn Cetraria spp. og Cladonia spp. Gulskinn hadde høgare fordøyelsesgrad, og innehaldet av NFE, oske, kalsium og magnesium var høgre enn i kvitkrull, medan trevleinnhaldet var størst i kvitkrull. Lav inneheldt mindre av dei fleste næringsstoffa samanlikna med gras, unnateke feitt, NFE, selen og jern.Jäkälien kemiallinen sisältö ja in vitro sulatuksen aste.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Kuiva-aineen kemiallinen sisalto ja in vitro sulatusaste on mååråtty 45:ssa kokeessa tårkeistå laidunjåkålistå kahdella paikkakunnalla Etelå — Norjassa. Keskimååråinen sisalto (g/100 g kuiva-ainetta) seuraavissa ravintoaineissa oli: valkuaisainetta 4.2, rasvaa 3.2, kuituja 16.6, tuhkaa 1.9, kalsiumia 0.15, fosforia 0.09, magnesiumia 0.05, kaliumia 0.13, natriumia 0.035, rikkia 0.07. Hivenainepitoisuus (mg/kg kuiva-ainesta) oli: kuparia 2.5, molybdeenia 0.11, sinkkia 27.2, seleeniå 0.12, rautaa 898 ja mangaania 154. Kuiva-aineiden keskimååråinen sulatusaste jåkålåkokeissa oli 35%. Eri jåkålåajien vålillå oli suuri vaihtelu eisimmissa ravintoaineissa ja sulatusasteessa. Stereocaulon spp. sisålsi enemmån valkuaisainetta, fosforia, rikkiå kuparia ja typettomien uuteaineiden, molybdeeniå kuin Cetraria spp. ja Cladonia spp. Lapalumijåkålållå oli korkeampi sulatusaste, ja tuhkan, kalsiumin ja magnesiumin sisålto oli korkeampi kuin Cladonia alpestris-jäkälässä, mutta kuitusisålto oli korkein Cladonia alpestris-jäkälässä. Jåkålå sisålsi våhemmån useimmista ravintoaineista ruohoon verrattuna lukuunottamatta rasvaa, typettomiå uuteaineita, seleeniå ja rautaa.

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Assessing the nutritional value of agroindustrial co-products and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production technique

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i3.34024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 289 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paula Martins Olivo ◽

Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽

Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽

Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior ◽

Eduardo Souza Leal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Gas Production ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Citrus Pulp

Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The co-products tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey’s test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated co-products exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the co-products and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets.

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Production and quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.48304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e48304

Author(s):

Charles Barbosa dos Santos ◽

Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽

Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽

Itamar Pereira de Oliveira ◽

Daniel Augusto Alves Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Fermentative Process

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry mass production, fermentative parameters and chemical and bromatological composition of sunflower silage and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of silage forage systems: sunflower monocropped; Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped; sunflower row-intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; sunflower inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; and sunflower oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass, totalizing 20 experimental silos. Sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass were harvested at 110 days after planting at 20 cm from the soil for silage, using brush cutter. The silos were opened after 53 days of fermentation. The rows and inter-row intercropped systems contributed to increase the mass production of the ensiled material. The monocropped sunflower silage had higher values of pH, ethereal extract and acid detergent fiber and lower values of titratable acidity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility values. The silages of the sunflower intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in forage systems of crop-livestock integration presented better fermentative and bromatological characteristics, guaranteeing an adequate fermentative process and nutritional quality. In this way, the intercropping of these two forages potentiates the production of silage for feeding of ruminants during the period of forage shortage.

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Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silage with biodiesel industry co-products

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782012000400024 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 718-723

Author(s):

Eric Haydt Castello Branco van Cleef ◽

José Cleto da Silva Filho ◽

Arnaldo Prata Neiva Júnior ◽

René Maurício Patiño Pardo ◽

Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Physic Nut ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Nitrogen Contents

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) of forage turnip (Raphanus sativus) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas) cakes on dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility, pH values and concentrations of N-NH3 in elephant grass silages. It was used an entirely randomized design in factorial arrangement [(2×3)+1]. Experimental PVC silos were used and ensiled material was kept for 62 days. The addition of cakes increased the dry matter contents (P<0.05). The fibrous fractions were reduced (P<0.05) with the inclusion of cakes during the grass ensilage and the CP contents increased (P<0.05). The forage turnip cake provided the same pH and N-NH3 values in ideal levels and the physic nut, added to 9%, increased those values (P<0.05). IVDMD was reduced (P<0.05) when the cakes were added. These co-products can be used in small amounts for elephant grass ensilage in order to provide improvement in chemical and fermentation characteristics of the silages. Nevertheless, physic nut cake shows limitations for its use in animal feeding due to the presence of toxic compounds, making necessary studies for their identification and elimination.

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Ruminal Degradability and Summative Models Evaluation for Total Digestible Nutrients Prediction of Some Forages and Byproducts in Goats

ISRN Veterinary Science ◽

10.1155/2013/532528 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oswaldo Rosendo ◽

Luis Freitez ◽

Rafael López

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

National Research Council ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

Lineal Regression

In in vitro true dry matter degradability (IVTDMD), in situ dry matter degradability, and neutral detergent fiber degradability, both in vitro (IVNDFD) and in situ (ISNDFD) techniques were used with crossbred goats to determine dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ruminal degradability in eight forages and four industrial byproducts. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content obtained with five different summative models (summative equations) were studied to compare the precision of estimates. All these models included digestible fractions of crude protein, ether extract, and nonfiber carbohydrates that were calculated from chemical composition, but digestible NDF (dNDF) was obtained from IVNDFD (IVdNDF), ISNDFD (ISdNDF), or by using the Surface Law approach. On the basis of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the simple lineal regression of predicted TDN (y-axes) and observed IVTDMD (x-axes), the precision of models was tested. The predicted TDN by the National Research Council model exclusively based on chemical composition only explains up to 41% of observed IVTDMD values, whereas the model based on IVdNDF had a high precision (96%) to predict TDN from forage and byproducts fiber when used in goats.

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Chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of sugar cane oxide treated with calcium

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-41625930 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 529-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.O. Romão ◽

G.G.P. Carvalho ◽

V.M. Leite ◽

A.S. Santos ◽

D.M.T. Chagas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The aim of this study was to identify the most adequate level of calcium oxide (CaO) in the treatment of sugar cane by evaluating the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. The sugar cane was homogenized with CaO levels 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, 3.75 and 4.5%, in natura matter, for 24 hours. The dry matter and mineral matter increased, while the organic matter of the sugar cane decreased (P <0.05) linearly as a result of the CaO levels. The CaO had no effect on the levels of crude protein and ether extract. The phosphorus concentration remained unchanged, but there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the calcium content. The contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose decreased linearly with the levels of CaO. The average levels of indigestible dry matter and indigestible neutral detergent fiber significantly decreased with increasing levels of CaO. The results showed that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was different between fresh sugar cane and sugar cane with added levels of CaO from 1.5%. The IVDMD and nutritional value of the sugar cane was improved by adding 1.5% CaO based on fresh content.

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Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Six Species of Fodder (Fabaceae)

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v13i12.1889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Eliseo Sosa-Montes ◽

Sergio Iban Mendoza-Pedroza ◽

Perpetuo Álvarez-Vázquez ◽

Pablo Alfredo Domínguez-Martínez ◽

Ricardo Barcena-Gama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Acacia Angustissima ◽

Low Levels

Objectives: To determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Acacia angustissima, Dalea spp., Desmodium spp., Leucaena leucocephala, Phaseolus vulgaris and Tephrosia vicioides (Fabaceae) fodder species. Design/Methodology/Approach: Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude lignin (CL), cellulose (Cel), hemicellulose (Hcel), cellular content (CC) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined. The design was completely random with three repetitions. The variables were correlated by pairs and the means of the species were compared with Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Results: Dalea spp. had the highest crude protein (17.7%), followed by A. angustissima (15.9%) and L. leucocephala (14.1%). A. angustissima (73.2%), Dalea spp. (74.9%) and P. vulgaris (77.5%) showed the highest IVDMD. L. leucocephala, Tephrosia vicioides and Desmodium spp. showed the lowest values of CP (14.1, 11.8 and 12.3%, respectively) and IVDMD (70.4, 70.2 and 64.9%, respectively). Desmodium spp. showed high levels of NDF (59.2%), ADF (41.4%), CL (17.5%), Cel (29.7%) and Hcel (17.8%) (P?0.05). IVDMD showed positive correlation with CC and negative correlations with NDF, CL, and Hcel (P<0.05). Study Limitations/Implications: Desmodium spp. showed high content of CL and low values of CP and IVDMD, therefore supplements should be added when used in animal feed. Findings/Conclusions: Dalea spp. showed low levels of lignin and high levels of protein and digestibility, making it posible to use as feed for ruminants

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Genetic Variation in Acid Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Hemicellulose, Crude Protein, and Their Relationship with In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility in Tall Fescue 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183x002400040022x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 721-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. C. Soh ◽

R. V. Frakes ◽

D. O. Chilcote ◽

D. A. Sleper

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

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Short Communication: Prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility with the ANKOM Daisy II system of ruminant feeds using the gas production technique

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2012-153 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 399-402

Author(s):

J. C. Plaizier ◽

S. Li

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Short Communication ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Production Technique ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Grain Crop

Plaizier, J. C. and Li, S. 2013. Short Communication: Prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility with the ANKOM Daisy II system of ruminant feeds using the gas production technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 399–402. The potential of the gas production technique to predict in vitro dry matter digestibility was determined using 50 ruminant feeds, including grass/alfalfa forages, grain crop silages, grains, high protein feeds, and feed straws. Without including the chemical composition in the prediction equation, the prediction of IVDMD based on the cumulative gas production during 48 h alone was poor (R 2=0.48). Including the crude protein and neutral detergent fibre concentrations of the feed in the prediction equation improved the accuracy of the prediction (R 2=0.87), which was higher than that of predicting IVDMD based on the chemical composition alone (R 2=0.82).

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