scholarly journals Gonad maturity of simping Placuna placenta, Linn 1758 (Bivalve: Placunidae) harvested from Kronjo Coastal, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Yon Yonvitner ◽  
Isdradjad Setyobudiandi ◽  
Rokhmin Dahuri ◽  
Jamilah Jamilah
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Coastal Resource ◽  
Males And Females

Simping (P. placenta) is a coastal resource found in shallow water with a muddy substrate. Simping widely used as a source of food and as raw material for the decoration.  Utilization of simping until now has not yet focused on recruitment, reproductive aspect. This information is important as a basis data for determining the size of the simping catch. This study aimed to find out about of reproduction aspect, determining sex ratio the size of the catch simping. This research was conduct for three months at 3 locations. The number of samples in the analysis is 36 species to determine sex ratio and gonad maturity.  Sex ratio indifferent from male and female, but based on the time sex ratio of simping significant, both male and female. The length size of gonads shellfish matures form 5.50 cm and 5.85 cm at 2 TKG conditions. Length of simping mature from 6.08 cm, 6.24 cm, 6.45 cm and 7.11 cm dominant at TKG mature stage 3,  and 8.61 cm dominant at 4 TKG conditions. Sex ratio reaches 6 cm shell length and not significant between males and females (M: F=1;1).  It is concluded that  the level of maturity of gonads increases  with increasing of simping size. 

scholarly journals Some reproductive biology aspects of bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) in the waters of Benanga Reservoir, East Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Jusmaldi Jusmaldi ◽  
Nova Hariani ◽  
Medi Hendra ◽  
Nikmahtulhaniah Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Sarah Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Egg Diameter

Bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) that belongs to the Cyprinidae family is one of the native freshwater fishes in Indonesian waters. Currently, status of this species in Benanga Reservoir, East Kalimantan is in over-exploited. Fish resources management, therefore, is needed to maintained fish stock in the reservoir based on fish reproductive biology aspects. The purpose of this study was to analyze some aspects of the reproductive biology including sex-ratio, gonad maturity, length at first gonad maturity, spawning season, fecundity, and spawning patterns as basic information for its management. Fish collection was carried out monthly on the third week from January to May 2019 at three stations. The fish samples were captured by using experimental gill nets with mesh size of 1; 1.5; 2; and 3 inches. A total of 278 bonylip barb was caught, consist of 92 males and 186 females. Sex ratio of male and female in the gonad mature stage was 1: 2.4. The average length at first gonad maturity in male and female were 136.08 mm and 137.38 mm, respectively. Peak of spawning occurs during the rainy season in May, with more than 90% of fish in mature stage with GSI in male and female were 6.88%, 13.16% respectively. Total fecundity ranged from 7312-22923 eggs individual-1 and egg diameter ranged from 0.6-1.94 mm. According to distribution of egg diameter, bonylip barb was categoried as a total spawner. Some management strategies that can be carried out are using fishing gears with mesh size above 2 inches, limiting fishing activities in the peak of the spawning season, prohibiting fishing gear using electric shocker and protection the reservoir from erosion.

scholarly journals POTENSI REKRUT IKAN BONTI-BONTI (Paratherina striata Aurich) DI DANAU TOWUTI, SULAWESI SELATAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Syahroma Husni Nasution ◽  
Ismudi Muschsin ◽  
Sulistiono Sulistiono
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Egg Diameter ◽  
Lake Towuti

Ikan bonti-bonti (Paratherina striata) selain endemik, statusnya tergolong rawan punah (vulnerable species) dan hanya terdapat di Danau Towuti dan Danau Mahalona. Masyarakat di sekitar danau memanfaatkan ikan ini sebagai ikan konsumsi, ikan hias, dan bahan pakan hewan. Populasi ikan ini dikhawatirkan mengalami penurunan, diduga karena degradasi kualitas lingkungan dan penangkapan ikan yang cenderung intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi rekrut ikan bonti-bonti sebagai dasar pengelolaannya. Pengamatan dilakukan di Danau Towuti setiap bulan selama 12 bulan dari bulan Mei 2006-April 2007. Contoh ikan diperoleh menggunakan jaring insang eksperimental dengan ukuran mata jaring 0,625, 0,75, 1,0, dan 1,25 inci yang dioperasikan di lima stasiun (Tanjung Bakara; inlet Danau Towuti; Pulau Loeha; outlet Danau Towuti dan Beau). Potensi rekrut ikan dapat dilihat dari nisbah kelamin, diameter telur, fekunditas, dan indeks kematangan gonad. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa nisbah kelamin total ikan bonti-bonti jantan dan betina 1,0:0,9. Fekunditasikan bonti-bonti 818-6.051 butir. Diameter telur ikan bonti-bonti berkisar antara 0,01-1,50 mm. Nilai indeks kematangan gonad ikan bonti-bonti jantan dan betina paling tinggi dijumpai di stasiun II, masing-masing 3,96 dan 6,77%. Ditinjau dari fekunditas, potensi rekrut ikan bonti-bonti lebih tinggi dibandingkan ikan Telmatherinidae lain. Secara temporal, nilai rata-rata indeks kematangan gonad tertinggi pada ikan jantan terjadi pada bulan Mei dan Nopember dengan nilai 2,09±1,36% dan 1,85±1,06%, demikian pula pada ikan betina dengan nilai 3,39±1,47 dan 3,47±1,37%. Rekruitmen ikan bonti-bonti terjadi setiap bulan dengan periode tertinggi antara bulan Oktober-Nopember. Bonti-bonti (Paratherina striata), is one of endemic and vulnerable fish in Lake Towuti and Mahalona. Bonti-bonti have been utilized by people around the lake as consumption fish; ornamental fish and as raw material for animal feed. The population tend to decrease due to environmental quality deterioration and increasing exploitation. This study was aimed to reveal the recruit potential of bontibonti as the foundation for its management. This research was conducted in Lake Towuti, South Sulawesi from May 2006 to April 2007. Samples were collected monthly at five stations (Tanjung Bakara; Inlet of Lake Towuti; Pulau Loeha; Outlet of Lake Towuti, and Beau) using experimental gillnet sized 0.625, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 inches. Recruitment potential could be evaluated from sex ratio, egg diameter, fecundity, and gonad maturity index. Total sex ratio of male and female bonti-bonti are 1.0:0.9. Fecundity of bonti-bonti are 818-6.051. Egg diameter of bonti-bonti range from 0.01-1.50 mm. Gonad maturity index value of male and female was found highest at station II (inlet of Lake Towuti) as high as 3.96 and 6.77% respectively. Based on fecundity, recruitment potential of bontibonti is higher compared to the other Telmatherinid. Temporally, the average value of gonad maturity index was found highest on male in May and November with the values of 2.09±1.36% and 1.85±1.06%, and for female with the values of 3.39±1.47 and 3.47±1.37%. Fish recruitment occured each month with the highest period occur in October-November.

Beberapa Aspek Reproduksi Siput Lambis lambis di Pesisir Perairan Yenusi, Biak

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andriani Widyastuti ◽  
Ludi Parwadani Aji
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Time Of Harvest

<strong>Some Aspects of Reproduction in Conch Lambis lambis of Yenusi Coastal Waters, Biak.</strong> Lambis lambis is a very popular conch species that has been harvested in all sizes encountered. This condition is very alarming because in the long term, its existence in nature will be reduced because there is no chance to reproduce naturally. This study aims to determine the sex ratio and gonad maturity levels of L. lambis in Yenusi waters, so the appropriate time of harvest can be arranged. Samples were collected every month from January to December 2013. Testing and histological analysis were performed in the laboratory. Samples collected were 99 individus with the number of males 45 individus and females 54 individus. The sex ratio of males and females was 1.0:1.2. Gonad maturity level found included all four stages of gonadal development, from TKG I to TKG IV. Gonadal development showed the process of formation and maturation, and the spawning occured throughout the year, with peak spawning in January until March 2013. The size of the shell length obtained ranged from 4.55 to 13.72 cm indicating over-exploitation. Due to the custom local where residents harvested the conches in all sizes found, sustainable management strategies are urgently needed, including moratorium period  when L. lambis is at the peak of spawning, and harvest should only be performed on adult individuals with a minimum shell size of 7 cm, while observing the thickness of the shell and marginal digitations have been formed. <br /><br />

Routine Infanticide by Married Couples? An Assessment of Baptismal Records from Seventeenth Century Parma

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Italian City ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract This study uses baptismal records from the Italian city of Parma from 1609 to 1637 to chart the sex ratio of male and female infants at baptism. This article measures the Parman sex ratio against the natural sex ratio at birth for live-born infants, as determined by Praven Visaria, and offers preliminary findings that indicate that married couples used infanticide as a means of controlling family size and sex in seventeenth-century Parma. The 28 years studied encompass both relatively strong economic and agricultural years as well as a variety of crises. By selecting a period with both good and bad economic years it is possible to see if parents behaved differently as their household conditions varied. Further, dividing the approximately 30,000 baptisms by rural and urban jurisdictions and familial socio-economic status makes visible parental recourse to infanticide through unnatural ratios of males and females within different segments of society.

scholarly journals Investigating the interaction between inter-locus and intra-locus sexual conflict using hemiclonal analysis in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Geeta Arun ◽  
Tejinder Singh Chechi ◽  
Rakesh Meena ◽  
Shradha Dattaraya Bhosle ◽  
Srishti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Divergence in the evolutionary interests of males and females leads to sexual conflict. Traditionally, sexual conflict has been classified into two types: inter-locus sexual conflict (IeSC) and intra-locus sexual conflict (IaSC). IeSC is modeled as a conflict over outcomes of intersexual reproductive interactions mediated by loci that are sex-limited in their effects. IaSC is thought to be a product of selection acting in opposite directions in males and females on traits with a common underlying genetic basis. While in their canonical formalisms IaSC and IeSC are mutually exclusive, there is growing support for the idea that the two may interact. Empirical evidence for such interactions, however, is limited. Here, we investigated the interaction between IeSC and IaSC in Drosophila melanogaster. Using hemiclonal analysis, we sampled 39 hemigenomes from a laboratory-adapted population of D. melanogaster. We measured the contribution of each hemigenome to adult male and female fitness at three different intensities of IeSC, obtained by varying the operational sex-ratio. Subsequently, we estimated the intensity of IaSC at each sex-ratio by calculating the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness and the proportion of sexually antagonistic fitness-variation. Our results indicate a statistically non-significant trend suggesting that increasing the strength of IeSC ameliorates IaSC in the population.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of silurid catfishes Ompok miostoma (Vaillant 1902) in Mahakam River East Kalimantan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Jusmaldi ◽  
Dedy Duryadi Solihin ◽  
Ridwan Affandi ◽  
MF Rahardjo ◽  
Rudhy Gustiano
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Somatic Index

Reproductive biology of silurid catfish O.miostoma(Vaillant 1902)as one of endemic species in Mahakam River East Kalimantan is not yet known. This study aimed to analysisreproductive aspect related to changing seasons, including sex-ratio, spawning season, spawning location, length at first gonad maturity, gonado-somatic index, and fecundity. Total fish samples (n=1214)were collected monthly from November 2013 to October 2014 at four locations in the Mahakam River, using many fishing gears.The results of this research showthe total length of fish ranged from 132.19 to 227.30 mm and weight ranged from 20.00 to 70.40 g. The overall sex ratio of male and female was1: 1.56, while at gonad maturity stages were1:1.77. The spawning season range from November to January and peak spawning occurs in December. The highest spawning location was found at swamp flood Semayang Lake. The length at first gonad maturity of male ranged of 191.05-202.60 mm, while it was in 179.56-198.50 female. Maximum average gonado-somatic index (GSI) values obtained for male and female were 0.32 and 2.07 respectively during spawning period in November and declined to minimum in February. The total fecundity and eggs diameter rangedfrom 2648 to 12495 eggsind-1and 0.61 to 1.30 mm respectively. There was a positive correlation between fecundity andtotal length and weightof fishes.AbstrakBiologi reproduksi ikan lais O. miostoma (Vaillant 1902)sebagai salah satu spesies endemik di Sungai Mahakam Kalimantan Timur belum pernah diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisisaspek reproduksi ikan laisberkaitan dengan perubahan musimyang mencakupnisbah kelamin, musim pemijahan, lokasi pemijahan, ukuran kali pertama matang gonad, indeks kematangan gonad dan fekunditas.Total ikan contoh 1214 ekor telah dikumpulkan setiap bulan mulai dari bulan November 2013 sampai Oktober 2014di empat lokasi perairan Sungai Mahakam, menggunakan berbagai alat tangkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanukuran panjang total ikan berkisar dari 132,19-227,30 mm dan bobot berkisar dari  20,00-70,40 gram.Nisbah kelamin seluruh ikan jantan dan betina yang diamati 1 : 1,56, sedangkanpada tahap kematangan gonad 1:1,77. Musim pemijahan terjadi mulai dari bulan November sampai Januari dan puncak pemijahan pada bulan Desember. Lokasi pemijahan tertinggi ditemukan di rawa banjiran Danau Semayang. Ukuran ikan pertamamatang gonad pada jantan berkisar dari 191,05-202,60 mm dan betina berkisar dari 179,56-198,50 mm. Rata-rata indeks kematangan gonad (IKG)  tertinggi ditemukan pada jantan dan  betina berturut turut 0,32  dan 2,07 selama musim pemijahanpada bulan November dan menurun hingga terendah pada bulan Februari. Fekunditas total berkisar dari 2.648-12.495 butir telur per individu.Ada korelasi positif antara fekunditas dengan panjang total dan bobot ikan.

Sex Behaviour and Sex Determination in Crepidula Fornicata L

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
JAN Z. WILCZYNSKI
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Crepidula Fornicata ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Significant Tendency ◽  
Males And Females

1. The percentages of males and females in naturally occurring chains of Crepidula fornicata L. were found to be 39% females, 6% ‘transients’ and 55% males. 2. Disconnected males kept in cages in sea water for 9 months re-established the normal sex ratio. 3. Disconnected males were kept for periods of 4-6 weeks at temperatures of 30° and 10° C. No significant tendency to change sex was observed. 4. Males were injected with extracts of females. No tendency to change sex was observed. 5. In animals of all sizes from small males to large females both male and female gametes are invariably present together. The gametes of both sexes are polymorphic.

scholarly journals Sex determination in crayfish: are intersex Cherax quadricarinatus (Decapoda, Parastacidae) genetically females?

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PARNES ◽  
I. KHALAILA ◽  
G. HULATA ◽  
A. SAGI
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Red Claw Crayfish ◽  
Female Genital

In the Australian red-claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens) (Decapoda, Parastacidae), a gonochoristic species, seven different combinations of intersex individuals (with both male and female genital openings) have been described. However, to date, the genetic basis for this phenomenon has not been investigated. This study was designed to test a simple chromosome-based sex-determination model for C. quadricarinatus that assumes the male to be the homogametic (ZZ) sex. According to our model, intersex individuals that are functionally males are genetically females (WZ). Individual crosses were performed between intersex and female crayfish, with control crosses being performed between normal males and females. The control crosses yielded, in most cases, the expected 1[ratio ]1 sex ratio in the F1 progeny. Crosses between intersex individuals and females yielded a 1[ratio ]3 (male[ratio ]female) sex ratio in most crosses. According to our hypothesis, one-third of the females produced in a cross of a female with an intersex animal should be WW females. The hypothesis was tested by crossing normal males with F1 females, which were progeny of intersex fathers. These crosses yielded almost 100% females, a finding that conforms to the above-suggested sex determination model for C. quadricarinatus and the female WZ genotype of intersex individuals.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN JENIS KELAMIN DAN DIMORFISME SEKSUAL PADA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy) SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP STRATEGI SELEKSINYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sularto Sularto ◽  
Rita Febrianti ◽  
Suharyanto Suharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) pada ukuran dewasa memiliki bentuk morfometrik yang khas khususnya pada ikan jantan, sehingga dapat dibedakan antara ikan jantan dan betina. Ikan gurami jantan memiliki dahi menonjol dan bibir tebal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rasio kelamin dan perbedaan performa pertumbuhan antara jantan dan betina. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah empat populasi ikan gurami yang berbeda yaitu: Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi, Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan (BPPI), Sukamandi pada bulan Juni 2014 sampai dengan bulan Juli 2015. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan gurami keturunan galur murni berasal dari Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi (strain Batanghari), Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Perawatan telur, pemeliharaan benih, dan pembesaran menggunakan prosedur operasional standar BPPI tentang pemeliharaan ikan gurami. Pemeliharaan ikan gurami dilakukan selama 14 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan jenis kelaminnya jumlah ikan gurami betina (67,3%-80,7%) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan jumlah jantannya (19,3%-32,7%). Setelah mencapai ukuran > 300 g terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan antara ikan jantan dan betina (P<0,05) yakni jantan tumbuh lebih cepat dibandingkan betina pada semua populasi yakni berkisar antara 4,74%-5,67% untuk karakter panjang standar, dan 14,10%-16,52% untuk karakter bobot. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan gurami memiliki dimorfisme pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, ketika dilakukan seleksi berdasarkan pertumbuhan 10% terbaik didapatkan ikan jantan 55%-80% lebih banyak dibandingkan ikan betina (20%-45%).Adult size of giant gouramy (Osphronemus goramy, Lac.) has a distinctive shape of morphometric particularly in male fish, making it easy to distinguish between male and female fishes. Giant gouramy males have a prominent forehead and thick lips. This study aimed to determine sex ratios and differences in growth performance between males and females. This study used 4 progenies of giant gouramy seed from four different populations, namely: Kalimantan, Jambi, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya, aged 14 months. Eggs incubations,seed maintenance and grow-out were conducted using Standard Operational Procedures of Research Institute for Fish Breeding (RIFB) about the rearing of giant gouramy. Seed rearing were carried out for 14 months. The results showed that, based upon the sex ratio, the number of female was more than the number of males, contituting females 67.3%–80.7% and males from 19.3% to 32.7% of populations. After reaching the size of > 300 g there were a significant difference in growth between males and females (P <0.05), in which males grew faster than females in all populations between 4.74%–5.67% for the standard length and 14.10%–16.52% for the weight characters. IThis result indicated that giant gouramy have growth dimorphism.Therefore, when the selection conducted based on the best growth of top 10%, it was found that the number of male composing 55%–80% was higher than the number of female which only accounted for 20%–45%.

scholarly journals ANALISA ASPEK REPRODUKSI IKAN TOMAN (Channa micropeltes) DI SUNGAI BELIDA KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Danang Yonarta ◽  
Yulisman Yulisman ◽  
Riswandi Riswandi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Gonadal Maturity ◽  
Abundant Population

Management of snakehead fish resources in swamp waters need to be done to anticipate a decline in stock in the waters. At this time the area where snakehead fish still have an abundant population is in southern sumatera, precisely in the Belida River, Muara Enim Regency. Until now there has been no information regarding the reproductive aspects of snakehead fish, their location and spawning season. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the reproductive aspect of snakehead fish which includes sex ratio, gonad maturity level. Gonad maturity index and egg fecundity. The research was conducted in September-December 2019. The location was determined based on the natural conditions of the Belida River and human activities. Fish sampels were caught using experimental gill nets with ½ mash net size. Sampling of fish is done every 4 months with a time interval of once a month. The resuls of study in the male and female fish ratio 1,6:1. This ratio consisted of 109 fish (62,3%) and 66 female fish (37,7%). Gonadal maturity indeks  for male snakehead fish ranged from 0,21 to 0,86, while female snakehead fish ranged from 1,18 to 2,30. snakehead fish egg fecundity were 24.786 eggs with a diameter of 2,20 – 2,51

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