scholarly journals Perceptions and practices on antimicrobial use by the farmers of the Chikomba District, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Anderson Munengwa ◽  
Chikumba Nation ◽  
Mugoti Alban
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on antimicrobial use (AMU) of livestock farmers are poorly understood in Zimbabwe despite their essence in combating the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the study was to assess these patterns based on suggested KAP variables. A questionnaire-based survey of (n=60) Small Scale Commercial Farmers (SSCF), (n=60) Large Scale Commercial farmers (LSCF), and (n=60) resettled farmers (A1) was undertaken from January to March 2019. Participants were purposively selected from 10 wards based on willingness to participate in the study. Logistic regression, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were performed in SAS (2003) version 6. Overall AMU practice scores were above 50% despite detecting violation of manufacturer's specifications. AMU was correlated with farmer's knowledge, r (178) = 0.42, p =0.000 and attitude, r (178) = 0.54, p =0.000. Farming scale, type of livestock kept and level of education influenced AMU (P 0.05). Farming scale influenced above 50% of the farmers to change label dosages, withdrawal periods, treatment frequencies, and consult friends on AMU. A similar pattern was noted on the effect of main livestock species kept on changing treatment frequencies and the use of human antibiotics. AMU without prescriptions increased with a decreasing level of education (P = 0.010). Knowledge on AMU was high for LSCF (average 58%), low for A1 (average 33%), and SSCF (average 46%). Attitudes were positive for LSCF (average 67%) and SSCF (average 57%) and negative for A1 (average 49%). We concluded that there is a serious violation of antimicrobial manufacturer's specifications by farmers in the Chikomba district which is associated with poor knowledge and attitudes on prudent ways of AMU

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha districts of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽  
Bugwesa Z. Katale ◽  
Gasto Frumence ◽  
Sharadhuli Kimera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
University Education ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the biggest threats to health globally. This cross-sectional study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha in Tanzania. Method A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and KAP data through face-to-face interviews. Responses related to the triad of KAP were assigned scores that were aggregated for each participant. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of KAP scores. Results The study enrolled 828 participants from the three districts. A total of 816 (98.6%) were aware of antimicrobials, and 808 (99%, n = 816) reported to have used them. Antimicrobials were mainly used to treat cough (68.0%), urinary tract infections (53.4%), diarrhoea (48.5%) and wounds (45.2%). The most frequent sources of antimicrobials were health facility (65.0%, n = 820) and pharmacies/basic drug shops (53.7%). The median AMU knowledge score was 5 (IQR = 4, 7) and that of AMR was 26 (IQR=23, 29). The median AMU attitudes score was 32 (IQR: 29, 35) and that of AMR was 19 (IQR=17, 22). The median AMU practice score was 3 (IQR: 3, 3). The KAP scores were significantly influenced by increased participant’s age (βadj=0.10; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15) and level of education, being lower among those with primary education (βadj=5.32; 95% CI: 3.27, 7.37) and highest among those with college/university education (βadj=9.85; 95% CI: 6.04, 13.67). Conclusion The study documented a moderate level of KAP regarding AMU and AMR in the study districts. The participant's age and level of education were significantly associated with participant's KAP scores. The observed inadequate knowledge, inappropriate attitude, and practices of AMU and AMR should be considered as alarming problems that require immediate actions including policy formulation and planning of community-based mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Among Communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha Districts of Tanzania. 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
Leonard EG Mboera ◽  
Bugwesa Z Katale ◽  
Gasto Frumence ◽  
Sharadhuli Kimera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
University Education ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the biggest threats to health globally. This cross-sectional study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha in Tanzania. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and KAP data through face-to-face interviews. Responses related to the triad of KAP were assigned scores that were aggregated for each participant. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of KAP scores. Results: The study enrolled 828 participants from the three districts. A total of 816 (98.6%) were aware of antimicrobials, and 808 (99%, n=816) reported to have used them. Antimicrobials were mainly used to treat cough (68.0%), urinary tract infections (53.4%), diarrhoea (48.5%) and wounds (45.2%). The most frequent sources of antimicrobials were health facility (65.0%, n=820) and pharmacies/basic drug shops (53.7%). The median AMU knowledge score was 5 (IQR=4, 7) and that of AMR was 26 (IQR=23, 29). The median AMU attitudes score was 32 (IQR: 29, 35) and that of AMR was 19 (IQR=17, 22). The median AMU practice score was 3 (IQR: 3, 3). The KAP scores were significantly influenced by increased participant’s age (βadj=0.10; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15) and level of education, being lower among those with primary education (βadj=5.32; 95% CI: 3.27, 7.37) and highest among those with college/university education (βadj=9.85; 95% CI: 6.04, 13.67). Conclusion: The study documented a moderate level of KAP regarding AMU and AMR in the study districts. The participant's age and level of education were significantly associated with participant's KAP scores. The observed inadequate knowledge, inappropriate attitude, and practices of AMU and AMR should be considered as alarming problems that require immediate actions including policy formulation and planning of community-based mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kalam ◽  
Md. Abdul Alim ◽  
Shahanaj Shano ◽  
Md. Raihan Khan Nayem ◽  
Md. Rahim Badsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Drug Sellers

Poultry production has boomed in Bangladesh in recent years. The poultry sector has contributed significantly to meet the increased demand for animal source proteins in the country. However, increased use of antimicrobials and antibiotics appeared to be a significant threat to food safety in the poultry sector. The poultry drug and feed sellers are at the frontline position involving selecting and delivering the antimicrobials to the poultry farmers. Studies assessing the poultry drug and feed sellers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) are limited. The current study aimed to assess the community poultry drug and feed sellers’ KAPs of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in some selected areas of Bangladesh. We determined the respondents’ (drug and the feed sellers) KAPs of AMU and AMR using a tested and paper-based questionnaire. The study demonstrated that most respondents have insufficient knowledge, less positive attitudes, and inappropriate practices regarding AMU and AMR. The factor score analysis further showed that the type of respondents and their years of experience, level of education, and training on the drug were the significant factors impacting the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AMU and AMR. The adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that the drug sellers who completed their education up to 12th grade and had training on the drug had adequate knowledge of AMU and AMR. The data also showed that the drug sellers belong to the age group 31–35 and 36–40 years and who completed 12th grade had good attitudes on the same. Likewise, the analysis further determined that drug sellers belonging the age category 18–25 and 26–30 years, and interestingly, the respondents who completed education up to 12th grade, had better practices. Spearman’s rank-order correlation revealed a positive association between each pair of the KAPs scores for the respondents. The correlation was fair between knowledge–attitudes, knowledge–practices, and attitudes–practices. Based on the current study results, we recommend educational interventions and appropriate training for the poultry drug and feed sellers to raise awareness and to upgrade their current knowledge on the appropriate use of antimicrobials. This will ultimately lead to reducing the chances of developing AMR in the poultry sectors of the country.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PRAKTEK KONSERVASI LAHAN PADA AGROFORESTRY ILENGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Abdul Samad Hiola ◽  
Dian Puspaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Land Conservation ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Educational Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

AbstrackInformation on farmers' knowledge about land conservation practices in limited agroforestry is a barrier to the application of agroforestry. Land conservation practices and their adaptation by farmers in Modelidu Village by exploring their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions in agroforestry. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of land conservation in agroforestry of Ilengi.The results showed the level of knowledge and attitudes of respondents in Modelidu Village regarding the application of land conservation in agroforestry were in the low category (43% and 46%) to moderate (37% and 34%). So that the impact on practice is in the low category (66%) to moderate (28%). While the educational factors and attitudes of farmers influence the practice of applying land conservation in agroforestry of ilengi.  RingkasanInformasi pengetahuan yang terbatas tentang praktik konservasi lahan di agroforestri ilengi menjadi penghalang bagi penerapan agroforestri secara luas. Praktek konservasi lahan dan adaptasinya oleh  petani di Desa Modelidu dengan mengeksplorasi pengetahuan, sikap, dan persepsi mereka di agroforestri  ilengi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek konservasi lahan di agroforestri  ilengi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap sebagian besar petani responden di Desa Modelidu mengenai penerapan konservasi lahan di agroforestri  ilengi  berada  pada  kategori  buruk (43% dan 46%)  sampai dengan   sedang (37% dan 34%).  Sehingga berdampak pada praktik   berada pada kategori buruk (66%) sampai dengan sedang (28%).  Sedangkan faktor tingkat pendidikan dan sikap petani responden yang  mempengaruhi  praktik  penerapan konservasi lahan di agroforestri  ilengi.

scholarly journals A survey of dairy cow farmers in the United Kingdom: knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding antimicrobial use and resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (24) ◽  
pp. 746-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Elizabeth Higham ◽  
Amanda Deakin ◽  
Emma Tivey ◽  
Vicky Porteus ◽  
Stephen Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Waste Milk ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing challenges facing humanity. This survey of dairy cow farmers (n=372) was conducted to explore knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding veterinary medicine use and to identify farmer-led solutions to reducing, replacing and refining antimicrobial use. Antimicrobials were the most commonly reported veterinary medicines used. Twenty-two per cent of the antibiotics used by dairy farmers contained a highest priority critically important active ingredient. Mastitis was rated as the most important health and welfare challenge and was the most common reason for medicine use. Frequency of veterinary contact was associated with a decrease in the use of antibiotic footbaths, more ‘responsible’ treatment choices and increased knowledge of AMR. Purchasing medicine from a vet practice rather than elsewhere was associated with an increased likelihood of disposing of waste milk responsibly. These findings highlight the important role of veterinarians in guiding responsible medicine use. Ninety per cent of participants stated that they were trying to reduce their antimicrobial use. Farmers suggested a wide array of alternative treatments and potential interventions for managing herd health. Findings from this project could be used to target education and training surrounding best practice, supporting the important role that farmers play in protecting public health.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of sustainability in two university populations, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Salas-Zapata ◽  
Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Age Attitudes ◽  
Practice Knowledge ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

PurposeThe objective of this study was to analyze knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on the sustainability in two populations of university students.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional analytical study with university students.FindingsThe scale employed showed remarkable psychometric properties of reproducibility and validity. Besides, KAP levels were found to be related in the studied population, with higher levels of knowledge and attitudes than those of practice. Knowledge was found to be related to educational cycle and age, attitudes with sex and age and practices with age.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies in the field of KAP related to sustainability and environmental issues in using a validated psychometric scale. As a consequence, this study also offers methodological details necessary to make comparisons with similar populations in other countries.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices of intensive care unit nurses towards nutritional care in critically ill patients: A descriptive cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Ata Mahmoodpoor ◽  
Sarvin Sanaie ◽  
Fatemeh Momen ◽  
Mohammad Ata Pourmoghaddam ◽  
Seied Hadi Saghaleini
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Care ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the lack of adequate nutrition Knowledge among nurses. Nutrition training in the medical curriculum and for healthcare professionals is contradictory, inadequate, and weak. Nurses are one of the most reliable sources of nutritional information for patients; and yet, little research has been done so far on nurses’ information regarding their important role in nutritional care. Our study is designed to assess the current level of Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: A four-part questionnaire was used in this study. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to July 2020. The sample size consisted of 110 nurses based on the statistical data obtained from the nursing offices of two hospitals of Tabriz University of medical science including all the nurses working in the ICUs. Thereafter, all questionnaires were re-collected and data were finally analyzed. Results: Results showed that from 110 nurses which were included in this study, 73.6% had high Knowledge, 45.5% had moderate practices, and 58.2% had a positive attitude about nutritional support. Age and level of education had a significant correlation with their knowledge (P=0.005 and P=0.001, respectively). Nursing attitude had a significant correlation with age and the level of education (P=0.03 and P=0.003). And also, nursing practice had a significant relationship with age, work experience in the ICU, and the level of education (P=0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.004, P<0.05). Conclusion: Nurses surveyed in this study had a high knowledge, moderate practice and a positive attitude regarding nutritional care in patients admitted to the ICU.

scholarly journals Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of veterinarians towards antimicrobial use and stewardship as drivers of inappropriate use in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽  
Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga ◽  
Emmanuel Chukwudi Okolocha
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained worldwide recognition, as the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms has led to increased mortality and economic burden. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinarians towards rational antimicrobial prescribing and identify factors influencing use. Methods We interviewed veterinary doctors in Abuja, Nigeria using a 50-point questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp mobile application. The questionnaire inquired about their experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards AMR and stewardship. We analyzed the data by calculating frequencies and proportions. Results Of 220 registered veterinarians, 144 (65.5%) participated in the survey. Most (52.8%) were within the age group 30 - 39 years; males (72.2%), with a Master’s degree (42.4%) and worked in public service (44.4%). Three-quarters (75.7%) had good knowledge of antimicrobials; 47.2% had received training on stewardship while 88.9% reported that they believed that overuse of antimicrobials was the major contributory factor towards AMR. Antimicrobial stewardship regulations are important in veterinary practice. Veterinarians were aware of the occurrence of resistant pathogens and agreed that restricting antimicrobial use in animal health care was necessary to reduce AMR. Conclusion Most respondents referred to the veterinary formulary (VF) when in doubt of the appropriate antimicrobial agent to administer. We recommend that the VF be updated following the WHO list of critically-important-antimicrobials (CIA) and veterinarians educated not to use these CIAs in the treatment of food animals.

scholarly journals Temporal analysis of water, sanitation, and hygiene data from knowledge, attitudes, and practices surveys in the protracted humanitarian crisis in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Marta Domini ◽  
Sunny Guidotti ◽  
Daniele Lantagne
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surveys are commonly conducted by humanitarian actors at project baseline and endline. We hypothesized summarized KAP data could inform water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programming and strategies. In conflict-affected Myanmar, the WASH Cluster collated KAP documents from 2011 to 2016. After developing a methodology for KAP temporal analysis, we reviewed provided documents against inclusion criteria; extracted and categorized data; created a WASH activities and emergency events timeline; completed temporal analysis; and triangulated and summarized results. Sixteen documents met inclusion criteria assessing WASH data at the national level (19%), in Rakhine (56%) or Kachin State (25%). Twenty-five WASH metrics were extracted and categorized. We found WASH knowledge and attitudes (e.g. handwashing knowledge) increased over time; practices (e.g. handwashing) also increased, but at a lower rate and less consistently; and increases were related to WASH programming. Using this methodology, we identified gaps (safe water storage, risk of children's feces, focus on vulnerable populations), barriers (cultural and religious beliefs), and programmatic recommendations (continue hygiene promotion, focusing on closing gaps, and improve waste collection systems) in Myanmar. Additionally, to enable temporal analysis and improve WASH programming, we recommend WASH Clusters standardize KAP data collection tools and analysis in the future.

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