Growth in One (Short) Lesson

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Sergio Beraldo ◽  
Enrico Colombatto ◽  
Valerio Filoso ◽  
Marco Stimolo
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Contract Enforcement ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Successful Innovation

Abstract This paper argues that the economic theorizing about growth leads to one simple conclusion: the key notion is innovation and the history of growth can be aptly synthesized as the history of successful innovation. Innovation includes technological progress and entrepreneurship, which in turn depend on tolerance, interaction, and - more generally - a favourable institutional environment. Besides the importance a community assigns to credibility and reputation and from a public policy perspective we emphasize the role of both contract enforcement and protection of property rights as necessary, even though not sufficient, conditions for growth.

Doing Things with Legal History

2018 ◽  
pp. 922-940
Author(s):  
Alfred L. Brophy
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
First Century ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Support Property ◽  
Late Twentieth

This chapter discusses the role of historical analysis in property law. The history of property has been used to offer support for property rights. Their long history makes the distribution of property look normal, indeed natural and something that cannot or should not be challenged. However, historically in the U.S there have been competing visions of property. From the Progressive era onward especially, the history of property has been used to show the unequal distribution of property and to offer an alternative vision that expands the rights of non-owners of property. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, the history of opposition to feudalism and protection of the rights of non-owners was used to protect the rights of non-owners. Thus, the history of property has been a tool of judges and legislators to support property rights and it has also been, less frequently, a tool of critique.

The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
History Of

Virtually every important question of public policy today involves an international organization. From trade to intellectual property to health policy and beyond, governments interact with international organizations (IOs) in almost everything they do. Increasingly, individual citizens are directly affected by the work of IOs. This book gives an overview of the world of IOs today. It emphasizes both the practical aspects of their organization and operation, and the conceptual issues that arise at the junctures between nation-states and international authority, and between law and politics. While the focus is on inter-governmental organizations, the book also encompasses non-governmental organizations and public policy networks. The book first considers the main IOs and the kinds of problems they address. This includes chapters on the organizations that relate to trade, humanitarian aid, peace operations, and more, as well as chapters on the history of IOs. The book then looks at the constituent parts and internal functioning of IOs. The text also addresses the internal management of the organization, and includes chapters on the distribution of decision-making power within the organizations, the structure of their assemblies, the role of Secretaries-General and other heads, budgets and finance, and other elements of complex bureaucracies at the international level.

scholarly journals Why Europe and the West? Why Not China?

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S Landes
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
The West ◽  
European Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In the history of technological development, why didn't other regions keep up with Europe? This is an important question, as one learns almost as much from failure as from success. The one civilization that was in a position to match and even anticipate the European achievement was China. China had two chances: first, to generate a continuing, self-sustaining process of scientific and technological advance on the basis of its indigenous traditions and achievements; and second, to learn from European science and technology once the foreign “barbarians” entered the Chinese domain in the sixteenth century. China failed both times. What explains the first failure? I stress the role of the market: the fact that enterprise was free in Europe while China lacked a free market and institutionalized property rights; that in Europe innovation worked and paid, while the Chinese state was always stepping in to interfere with private enterprise. As for the second failure, China's cultural triumphalism combined with petty downward tyranny made it a singularly bad learner.

The Effect of Student Loan Debt on Spending: The Role of Repayment Format

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-318
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Ronald T. Wilcox ◽  
Amar Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Consumer Finance ◽  
Student Loan Debt ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Goal Disengagement ◽  
Loan Debt

Across three studies, the authors investigate the effect of student loan debt on spending. Evidence from consumer finance data and experimental scenarios reveals that borrowers with moderate student loan debt are less likely to spend than people with low (or no) debt. However, borrowers with high debt are more likely to spend relative to those with moderate debt. The latter effect is consistent with goal disengagement, as paying off high student loan debt seems difficult. Importantly, the spending propensity associated with high student loan debt is attenuated by presenting the debt in a monthly payment (vs. lump-sum) format, which reduces perceived payoff difficulty. From a public policy perspective, the authors recommend that estimated monthly payments be included in all student loan disclosures.

scholarly journals Imagining the Administrative State: Legal Pragmatism, Securities Regulation, and New Deal Liberalism

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Development ◽  
State Building ◽  
Securities Regulation ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Pragmatism ◽  
American State

After more than two decades of “bringing the state back in,” law persists as a neglected stepchild in the history of American state-building. Legal historians have identified a profound transformation in jurisprudence that took place during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but they have said relatively little about how radically new conceptions of law influenced public policy during the 1930s.1 Conversely, historians of public policy have written extensively about American political development, the nature of bureaucratic autonomy, and the uses of economic knowledge in upholding the administrative state, but the role of law and jurisprudence in recasting state power has remained elusive.2 Moreover, as William J. Novak has observed, both groups of scholars remain hamstrung by the inherited wisdom of Progressive historiography, and they continue to subscribe to a familiar litany of cases from Lochner to Schechter that undergirds a grand narrative about law's sole function as an impediment to state-building. As a corrective, Novak has urged historians to consider more carefully the “massive amount of everyday lawmaking” and “structural sociolegal changes” rendered invisible by the court battles of the first third of the twentieth century. Although largely unacknowledged in public discussion and debate, such developments ultimately provided critical support for the consolidation and legitimation of the modern American state.3

scholarly journals National business cultures: the influence of religion, and their role in the economic development of countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (50) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Chebotarov ◽  
Iegor Chebotarov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
National Business

AbstractThe paper clarifies the conditions and factors of the development of the institutional environment through modern interdisciplinary analysis. The authors revise the studies of the problem under consideration in the history of science and reveal the decisive role of religion in the development of national business cultures. The study highlights the fundamental postulates, i.e. the canons of theology, and argues for the need to consider them in the context of the analysis of national business cultures. The authors put forward and prove theoretical and methodological principles of the determinant influence of national business cultures and religion on the development of countries (the socio-economic phenomenon of the “economic miracle”). The content of the category “Polish economic miracle” is revealed through analysis of the influence of Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism on other “economic miracles” known from history. The authors conclude that Catholicism currently encourages entrepreneurial initiative of both individuals and organisations, which contributes to the sustainable economic development of countries.

scholarly journals Happiness and public policy: a procedural perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALOIS STUTZER
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Aggregate Measure

AbstractThis article comments on the role of empirical subjective wellbeing research in public policy within a constitutional, procedural perspective of government and state. It rejects the idea that, based on the promises of the measurement, we should adopt a new policy perspective that is oriented toward a decision rule maximizing some aggregate measure of subjective wellbeing. This social engineering perspective, implicit in much reasoning about wellbeing policy, neglects: (1) important motivation problems on the part of government actors, such as incentives to manipulate indicators, but also on the part of citizens to truthfully report their wellbeing; and (2) procedural utility as a source of wellbeing. Instead, wellbeing research should be oriented toward gaining insights that improve the diagnoses of societal problems and help us to evaluate alternative institutional arrangements in order to address them, both as inputs into the democratic process.

Business Organization in American Economic History

2018 ◽  
pp. 260-288
Author(s):  
Eric D. Hilt
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Corporation Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter presents a history of the organization of American enterprise, from the first corporations to the emergence of large, vertically integrated conglomerates. It begins with a discussion of the monopolistic privileges of early corporations, and efforts to reform the process by which corporations were created. It then presents a discussion of the alternative organizational forms that became available to entrepreneurs. Finally, it analyzes the rise of “big business” in the late nineteenth century, and the legal and institutional context within which those enterprises began to emerge. The discussion of each is focused on the changing nature of the problems faced by entrepreneurs, and the changing legal and institutional environment in which they operated. Among the topics discussed are the evolution of corporation law, the choice of organizational form, recurring problems in corporate governance, the role of financiers in corporate governance, and the emergence of pyramidal holding company structures.

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF KIAI: KETIKA PESANTREN DAN PENDIDIKAN KEAGAMAAN DIUNDANGKAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
Maskuri Maskuri ◽  
Minhaji Minhaji
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Life ◽  
The Sacrifice

The contribution of pesantren to the continuity of national life and statehood cannot be calculated with a numerical value. The sacrifice of the kyai as the central leader in the pesantren has also been proven in the history of the nation. During the colonial period carried out by the Dutch colonies and allies, in a period of more than 300 years, the kyai and pesantren appeared with zeal, with the motto of lovng the homeland is part of faith. The struggle of kyai did not stop after independence, so kyai and all pesantren committed to maintaining and filling independence in accordance to the purpose of the founder of the nation. So then it is time for the State to attend to the continuity of the pesantren through the policy of forming law. However, regulations through this law should not be used as a tool for the State to intervene in pesantren. Let the pesantren with their peculiarities continue to carry out all forms of service to the community. This paper is intended to see the views of kyai on Rancangan Undang-Undang (Draft of Law) on Islamic Boarding Schools and Islamic Education. This paper also analyzes using a public policy perspective on the content of draft of law for the Islamic Boarding School and Religious Education.

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