More similarities than differences: poverty and social exclusion in rural and urban locations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Maria Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Places ◽  
Main Message ◽  
Different Levels

Urban and rural locations may have different levels of poverty or social exclusion but also different combinations of problems or forms of exclusion. Understanding these differences is important both for the allocation of resources but also for the development of appropriate policies or interventions. Overall, this chapter argues that the similarities between urban and rural areas are greater than the differences. There are substantial levels of poverty in urban and rural locations although most measures show higher levels in more urban locations. There are notable differences between measures, however, with low income measures inflating estimates of poverty in more rural locations compared with other measures, notably those based on deprivation. Contrary to expectations in much of the literature, we do not find strong differences in the forms of exclusion in different areas: some aspects are worse in urban locations (notably neighbourhood problems and subjective well-being), while others are worse in rural places (notably transport and access to services). The experience of poverty is equally shaming in urban and rural locations. The main message for policy is the need to focus on core national policies to tackle poverty and exclusion in rural and urban locations alike.

scholarly journals HUMAN INTERDEPENDENCY FOR SUSTAINABLE WELL-BEING: STRUCTURAL INVARIANCE ACROSS SETTLEMENT AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisyah Abu Bakar ◽  
Mariana Mohamed Osman ◽  
Syahriah Bachok ◽  
Mizan Hitam ◽  
Alias Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Settlement Areas

This survey research examined the underlying structure of subjective sustainable well-being (SSWB) discovered in the relationships of (i) Human Interdependence with other Humans (HIH), (ii) Human Interdependence with the Environment (HIE), and (iii) subjective well-being (SWB). The objectives of the empirical analysis were (i) to assess the causal relationship between human interdependence and SWB which instituted the SSWB structural model, and (ii) to evaluate the settlement areas-invariant of the causal structure of SSWB. The data was collected from self-reported questionnaires administered to 4315 working Malaysians. The findings of the structural equation modelling supported the adequacy of SSWB. The results also found that settlement areas, in particular the urban, sub-urban and rural areas, appeared to moderate the structural relationships of SSWB.

scholarly journals Value conflict among adolescents in relation to modernization

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Savita Rathour ◽  
Tejpreet K. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Value Conflict ◽  
Urban Girls ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Different choices and actions are rooted in values which define what an individual considers good or beneficial to his well being. The necessity of making choices cause conflict and it is very natural, it arises when two or more incompatible goals are active at the same time. Modern era is characterized by technological development and economic prosperity on one hand and cut-throat competition and value erosion on the other. This paradoxical situation affects adolescent’s ability to decide between sets of values which in turns may or may not associated with value conflict. The present study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between adolescents’ attitude towards modernization and extent of value conflict among them. This study also reveals the contribution of modernization as a determinant in value conflict in terms of gender and locale. For the present study a sample of 400 adolescents was taken from six government and private colleges situated in urban and rural areas of Ludhiana district. Value conflict scale by Bhardwaj and Comprehensive Modernization Inventory by Ahluwalia and Kalia were used to collect the data. Results revealed that attitude of adolescents was significantly negatively correlated with value conflict among rural and urban girls and boys. On the basis of regression analysis there was a significant positive contribution of different dimensions of modernization on positive value assumption among adolescents. Adolescents with positive attitude towards different aspects of modernization had greater inclination towards positive values.

scholarly journals Well-Being of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Youth: The Influence of Rural and Urban Contexts on the Process of Building Identity and Disclosure

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Agueli ◽  
Giovanna Celardo ◽  
Ciro Esposito ◽  
Caterina Arcidiacono ◽  
Fortuna Procentese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lgb Youth ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Bisexual Youth ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Individual

The study investigates how the territorial community can influence the individual and social well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) youth and especially the recognition of their feelings and the construction of their own identity as well as their needs to be socially recognized. This research focuses on the experiences of 30 LGB individuals (23 males and 7 females), with a mean age of 25.07 years (SD = 4,578), living in urban and rural areas of Southern Italy. Focalized open interviews were conducted, and the Grounded Theory Methodology, supported by the Atlas.ti 8.0 software, was used for data analysis. The textual material was first coded, and then codes were grouped into five macro-categories: Freedom of identity expression in the urban and rural context, identity construction and acceptance process, need of aggregation and identification with the LGB community, role of the interpersonal relationship in the process of identity acceptance, socio-cultural context, and LGB psychological well-being. The results showed a condition common to the two contexts that we can define as “ghettoization.” The young LGB is alone in the rural area due to a lack of places and people to identify with and greater social isolation. On the contrary, although there are more opportunities in the urban area, young people feel stigmatized and ghettoized because “their places” are frequented exclusively by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transexual, queer (LGBTQ) community. The work will extensively discuss the limitations of the research, future proposals, and the practical implications of the results.

scholarly journals The good life in rural and urban Senegal: A qualitative and quantitative study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252134
Author(s):  
Priscilla Duboz ◽  
Enguerran Macia ◽  
Amadou H. Diallo ◽  
Emmanuel Cohen ◽  
Audrey Bergouignan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
North East ◽  
Rural And Urban

Very few studies have analyzed the influence of the environment, rural or urban, on the notion of good life and subjective well-being in sub-Saharan Africa and none, to our knowledge, has combined qualitative and quantitative methodologies for this purpose. The objectives of this interdisciplinary study were: a) to understand the emic representations of the good life in rural and urban Senegal and; b) to compare the levels and determinants of satisfaction with life between these two populations. This study was carried out in Dakar and in a very isolated rural area in the North East of Senegal: the sylvo-pastoral zone of Ferlo. A total of six focus groups were conducted for the qualitative phase, while the quantitative phase was conducted on representative samples of the populations living in Dakar (N = 1000) and Téssékéré (N = 500). Our results indicate that, against all expectations, life satisfaction is better in the Senegalese Ferlo than in the capital, Dakar. This difference may be the joint result of less meaningful social comparisons and a relationship with nature as a source of stress restoration in rural areas. However, the lifeworld of the rural Fulani of the Ferlo is being undermined by global climatic disturbances, which imposes rapid adaptations of pastoralism; otherwise this activity, that is not only subsistence but also identity-based, may disappear.

scholarly journals Well-Being in Alpine Space: How Subjective Determinants Affect Urban and Rural Areas. A Case Study Analysis in South Tyrol, Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Federica Vigano ◽  
Enzo Grossi ◽  
Giorgio Tavano Blessi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Autonomous Province ◽  
The Individual

<p><em>The paper analyzes urban-rural difference on the individual psychological well-being of residents living in the Autonomous Province of Alto Adige, region on the border between Italy and Austria. Data comes from a cross-sectional survey undertaken in 2010 on a statistical representative sample, based on the PGWBI, an instrument specifically used to measure individual subjective well-being. The study examines the influence of socio-demographic factors, as well as cultural determinants, on the PGWBI. Urban inhabitants were found to perceive higher level of psychological well-being compared to rural ones, while the determinants affecting individual subjective had a greater impact on the rural one.</em></p>

scholarly journals Happy without money: Minimally monetized societies can exhibit high subjective well-being

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244569
Author(s):  
Sara Miñarro ◽  
Victoria Reyes-García ◽  
Shankar Aswani ◽  
Samiya Selim ◽  
Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Monetary Income ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels

Economic growth is often assumed to improve happiness for people in low income countries, although the association between monetary income and subjective well-being has been a subject of debate. We test this assumption by comparing three different measures of subjective well-being in very low-income communities with different levels of monetization. Contrary to expectations, all three measures of subjective well-being were very high in the least-monetized sites and comparable to those found among citizens of wealthy nations. The reported drivers of happiness shifted with increasing monetization: from enjoying experiential activities in contact with nature at the less monetized sites, to social and economic factors at the more monetized sites. Our results suggest that high levels of subjective well-being can be achieved with minimal monetization, challenging the perception that economic growth will raise life satisfaction among low income populations.

scholarly journals The Study of Land Use and Land Cover Pattern Using RS and GIS: A Case Study On Tumakuru Taluk

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
R. Shivakumar ◽  
D. S. Jagadeesha ◽  
T. V. Manjuprasad ◽  
T. N. Thejesh ◽  
T. Santhosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Rs And Gis ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The Ground water is a most valued universal wealth supporting the human well-being, along with ecosystem. It has become a significant and reliable cause of water supplies in both urban and rural areas under varying climatic conditions across the countries (Todd and Mays, 2005), due to its intrinsic qualities. Out of 37 M km3 of freshwater anticipated to be available on the earth, the ground water is about 22%, which represents around 97% of freshwater that is accessible for domestic use (Foster, 1998). In India, over 91% and 30% of population of rural, and urban respectively, depending on the ground water for the drinking and domestic purpose (1996, Reddy). The ground water is becoming critical economic tool in progressing Nations & can supply to the poor people at lower rates more efficiently (IWMI, 2001).

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