Exploring the behavioural outcomes of family-based intensive interventions

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-174
Author(s):  
Emily Ball
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Family Based

Conditionality is embedded into many areas of social welfare and has become increasingly stringent in the last twenty years. This chapter explores welfare conditionality in the context of family-based intervention projects that have been a policy mechanism to deal with the longstanding issue of so-called ‘problem’ families since 1997. Programmes, such as Family Intervention Projects and the current Troubled Families Programme are an assertive and joined up approach to challenge the perceived negative behaviours of families. This chapter, drawing on PhD research, questions the concept of behaviour change – and importantly, what counts as successful behaviour change in policy and practice. The research shows that practitioners acknowledge families cannot always change their behaviour or sustain behaviour change in line with policy expectations, especially if their basic needs have not been met. Therefore, this chapter considers the policy implications of non-behaviour change by exploring the concept of ‘good enough’ change, defined by practitioners as enabling enough progress for families to function from day to day without equating to transformative behaviour change. The chapter argues there needs to be a more nuanced conceptualisation of behaviour change that embeds the complexities and nuances of engagement and non-engagement.

The Implications of the Term ‘Elder Abuse’ for Problem Definition and Response in Health and Social Welfare

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hugman
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT‘Elder abuse’ has recently emerged as an important phenomenon, with implications for social policy and professional practices. In this article it is argued that responses must be based on a more thorough definition. of ‘elder abuse’. A distinction between acts which can be regarded as ‘abuse’ and those which could be seen as ‘criminal’ is seen to be necessary for the development of policy and practice, recognising that these two ideas are grounded in competing discourses. The concept of an ‘obligation of care’ between perpetrator and elderly person is proposed as the basis for establishing a boundary between the two discourses and their policy implications. It is argued that this concept will enable a more focused definition of ‘elder abuse’ to be developed which will provide a more effective foundation for policies and subsequent social responses.

Policy implications for young people leaving care in China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Shang ◽  
Karen R. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
State Control ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Family Based

This chapter reviews how the Chinese and international communities are sharing understanding about good practice in alternative care while children are growing up, particularly by prioritizing long-term family-based support. They are also changing alternative care practices to support children during their childhood and as they reach young adulthood, so that they are prepared emotionally and practically to live independently as adults in the same ways as their peers, away from state control. The chapter also looks at the policy and practice changes in China for the generation of young people who grew up in state care over the last 20 years, when alternative care was beginning to shift away from institutional care and recognize the rights of children and young people to an inclusive childhood and adulthood.

Establishing New Foundations and Structures for Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Henham
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Moral Diversity ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Sentencing Policy ◽  
Government Reforms ◽  
Recent Government

This chapter considers the case for recasting the moral values that inform sentencing and the policy implications of such a fundamental change of approach. It suggests that prospects for promoting social justice through sentencing continue to be constrained by existing penal values, with procedural justice, communication systems, and decision-making evaluated against this governance framework. The chapter argues for new foundational principles and explores how such a moral transition might be effected through structural reforms to domestic sentencing. Emphasis is placed on the difficulties of recasting values and structures to reflect sentencing’s changed role as a tool for engaging with social justice issues. The chapter examines specific areas of policy change within England and Wales and the problem of moving from theory to practice through the analysis of recent government reforms, highlighting how sentencing policy and practice might respond more effectively to changes in social values and moral diversity.

Child Welfare as a Woman's Issue

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Child Welfare Policy ◽  
The Impact

The recognition that ensuring the welfare of children is not possible without addressing the welfare of their female caregivers is notably missing from the child welfare literature. This article seeks to correct this omission by analyzing the welfare of children in the context of societal structures for caregiving. The author places the gender analysis of child welfare in historical context, discusses current themes of gender bias, and analyzes the impact of child welfare policy and practice on several categories of women. Policy implications and practice guidelines for improving the well-being of children are discussed.

Conclusion

2016 ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
Janet R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Professional Writing ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Conceptual Formulation ◽  
Family Based Interventions ◽  
Parent Child

This chapter provides a brief historical context about how political controversies have limited professional writing about parent–child contact problems and describes the ways in which this volume provides a more nuanced and nonpartisan perspective on family-based interventions for these complex problems. The chapter first highlights the conceptual formulation of parent–child contact problems that underlies the treatment approach described throughout the book. It next suggests essential components of the Overcoming Barriers intervention model. This discussion is followed by comments on limitations of the empirical evidence available to inform policy and practice. Conundrums in clinical practice that involve risks of harming rather than helping families are then considered. Finally, the chapter explores how to practice ethically while awaiting more definitive direction from accumulated research on these matters.

scholarly journals Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, its Sources and Behaviour Change of Undergraduate Students of Ekiti State University South West Nigeria: Implications for Counselling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Anna Onoyase
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
State University ◽  
South West ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Research Assistants ◽  
Hiv Aids

This research was embarked upon to find out about knowledge of HIV/AIDS, its sources and behaviour change of undergraduate university students of Ekiti State University, South west Nigeria: Implications for counselling. In order to carry out the investigation, the researcher formulated three research questions and one hypothesis to guide the investigation. The instrument used in the collection of data is “Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, its Sources and Behaviour Change Questionnaire” (KHASBCQ). The instrument that was made up of 26 items was subjected to a reliability test. The instrument was administered on 30 respondents who were not part of the main investigation. The test- retest was used to analyse the data collected from the 30 respondents. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.87. The instrument, have language appropriateness and content validity. The investigator used 2 research assistants to administer 251 copies of the questionnaire on the respondents in the university. The research assistants retrieved 210 copies of the questionnaire from the respondents. The mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and the t- test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the undergraduate university students have knowledge of HIV/AIDs. The sources of knowledge of HIV/AIDS by the students include: television, newspaper, friends and internet. The knowledge of HIV/AIDs by the students have led to behaviour change in them. There is behaviour change in the students because they no longer indulge in anal sex, they now have sex with only one partner, they make use of condom when having sexual intercourse. One of the recommendations is that both government and private radio networks are advised to educate the students and entire members of the society about the existence of HIV/AIDS so that they can have behaviour change such as having only one sexual partner.

scholarly journals Contextual Complexities in Implementing a Family-Based Childhood Obesity Intervention: The Perspectives of Enrolled Children and Their Parents

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Didde Hoeeg ◽  
Ulla Christensen ◽  
Louise Lundby-Christensen ◽  
Dan Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
The Family ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Supportive Environments ◽  
Family Based

Family interventions to treat childhood obesity are widely used, but knowledge about how family dynamics are affected by these interventions is lacking. The present study aims to understand how a family intervention impacts the context of family dynamics, and how different contexts affect the families’ implementation of the intervention. Based on qualitative interviews, we studied families with a child between 9–12 years enrolled in a family intervention to treat childhood obesity at a pediatric outpatient clinic. We conducted 15 family interviews including 36 family members. We found that the family intervention created a new context for the enrolled children. They had to navigate in different contexts and non-supportive environments and push for change if they needed more supportive environments in their attempt to adhere to healthy habits. We show the complexities experienced by parents and grandparents when trying to comply with siblings’ and/or grandchildren’s different needs. The enrolled children were often indirectly blamed if others had to refrain from unhealthy preferences to create supportive environments. These findings are significant in understanding the important role of contexts in family-obesity interventions. This knowledge is relevant to health professionals, researchers, and policymakers.

scholarly journals A modified Delphi study to gain consensus for a taxonomy to report and classify physical activity referral schemes (PARS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Coral L. Hanson ◽  
Emily J. Oliver ◽  
Caroline J. Dodd-Reynolds ◽  
Alice Pearsons ◽  
Paul Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Physical Activity Referral Schemes (PARS), including exercise referral schemes, are a popular approach to health improvement, but understanding of effectiveness is limited by considerable heterogeneity in reporting and evaluation. We aimed to gain consensus for a PARS taxonomy as a comprehensive method for reporting and recording of such schemes. Methods We invited 62 experts from PARS policy, research and practice to complete a modified Delphi study. In round one, participants rated the need for a PARS taxonomy, the suitability of three proposed classification levels and commented on proposed elements. In round two, participants rated proposed taxonomy elements on an 11-point Likert scale. Elements scoring a median of ≥7, indicating high agreement, were included in the final taxonomy. Results Of those invited, 47 (75.8%) participated in round one, with high retention in round two (n = 43; 91.5%). 42 were UK-based, meaning the resultant taxonomy has been scrutinised for fit to the UK context only. The study gained consensus for a three-level taxonomy: Level 1: PARS classification (primary classification, provider, setting, conditions accepted [have or at risk of], activity type and funding). Level 2: scheme characteristics (staff structure, staff qualifications, behaviour change theories, behaviour change techniques, referral source, referrers, referral process, scheme duration, session frequency, session length, session times, session type, exit routes, action in case of non-attendance, baseline assessment, exit assessment, feedback to referrer and exclusion criteria) and Level 3: participant measures (demographics, monitoring and evaluation, and measures of change). Conclusion Using a modified Delphi method, this study developed UK-based consensus on a PARS classification taxonomy. We encourage PARS practitioners and public health colleagues, especially those working with similar service models internationally, to test, refine and use this taxonomy to inform policy and practice.

scholarly journals Research into health, population and social transitions in rural South Africa: Data and methods of the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System1

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (69_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Kahn ◽  
Stephen M. Tollman ◽  
Mark A. Collinson ◽  
Samuel J. Clark ◽  
Rhian Twine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Social Transitions ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Rationale for study: Vital registration is generally lacking in infrastructurally weak areas where health and development problems are most pressing. Health and demographic surveillance is a response to the lack of a valid information base that can provide high-quality longitudinal data on population dynamics, health, and social change to inform policy and practice. Design and measurement procedures: Continuous demographic monitoring of an entire geographically defined population involves a multi-round, prospective community study, with annual recording of all vital events (births, deaths, migrations). Status observations and special modules add value to particular research areas. A verbal autopsy is conducted on every death to determine its probable cause. A geographic surveillance system supports spatial analyses, and strengthens field management. Population and sample size considerations: Health and demographic surveillance covers the Agincourt sub-district population, sited in rural north-eastern South Africa, of some 70,000 people (nearly a third are Mozambican immigrants) in 21 villages and 11,700 households. Data enumerated are consistent or more detailed when compared with national sources; strategies to improve incomplete data, such as counts of perinatal deaths, have been introduced with positive effect. Basic characteristics: A major health and demographic transition was documented over a 12-year period with marked changes in population structure, escalating mortality, declining fertility, and high levels of temporary migration increasing particularly amongst women. A dual burden of infectious and non-communicable disease exists against a background of dramatically progressing HIV/AIDS. Potential and research questions: Health and demographic surveillance sites — fundamental to the INDEPTH Network — generate research questions and hypotheses from empirical data, highlight health, social and population priorities, provide cost-effective support for diverse study designs, and track population change and the impact of interventions over time.

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