Conclusions

2020 ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
Catherine Casson ◽  
Mark Casson ◽  
John S. Lee ◽  
Katie Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
National Context ◽  
The Family ◽  
Urban Topography

Chapter 8 outlines five key findings from the book: the importance of property transactions, the significance of urban topography, the importance of the family, the importance of charitable giving to institutions and the significance of the regional and national context.

“Is the Family Waqf a Religious Institution?” Charity, Religion, and Economy in French Mandate Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Moumtaz
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
French Mandate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Styles Of Reasoning

This essay analyzes a debate among Muslim jurists in French Mandate Syria and Lebanon around whether the family waqf, a form of charitable endowment dedicated to the founder’s family, is a legitimate form of the waqf and whether it should be abolished. I argue that the new categorization of the family waqf as a deviation from real charitable giving was informed by new conceptions of the economy, religion, and charity. Because the debate was among Muslim legal scholars, it also allows us to examine modern changes in the Islamic legal tradition. I show how the debate displays the use of new scientific styles of reasoning among Muslim jurists in the derivation of rules, thereby transforming the legal tradition without rupturing it.


scholarly journals El movimiento por la planificación familiar en Murcia y el acceso de las mujeres a la anticoncepción, 1976-1980

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Ramón Castejón Bolea
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Health Science ◽  
National Context ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Science Interests

Durante la década de 1970 se constituyó en España un movimiento social por la planificación familiar. En este proceso confluyeron intereses sociales, políticos y científico-sanitarios cuyos resultados fueron la despenalización de los anticonceptivos, prohibidos en España desde 1941, y el desarrollo de infraestructuras que facilitaran su accesibilidad a todas las mujeres. Una de las características de este proceso fue la diversidad regional de modelos en el origen, desarrollo y consolidación de los centros de planificación familiar. La investigación que se propone pretende describir y analizar el caso de la Región de Murcia como ejemplo de este proceso en la periferia española, con sus singularidades y similitudes en el contexto nacional. El estudio se centra en el periodo 1976-1980, dentro de la primera fase del movimiento de planificación familiar en nuestro país cuando se consigue la legalización de todos los métodos anticonceptivos. During the 1970’s a social movement for family planning began in Spain. Social, political and health science interests came together, resulting in the decriminalization of contraceptives which had been forbidden in Spain since 1941, and in the development of infrastructures which facilitated the access of all women to them. One aspect that characterized this process was the regional diversity of the models regarding the origin, development and consolidation of the family planning centers. The proposed research seeks to describe and analyze the case of the Region of Murcia as an example of this process in the Spanish periphery, with its singularities and similarities within the national context. The study focuses on the period between 1976 and 1980 within the first phase of the family planning movement in our country, when the legalization of all contraceptive methods is achieved.

scholarly journals Pedagogia de gênero e o feminismo em perspectiva: implicações à cidadania brasileira

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Lília Guimarães Pougy
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
National Context ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Conceptual Debate ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

O artigo aborda o tema das relações de gênero, com objetivo de provocar o reconhecimento de seus efeitos na educação diferenciada e desigual de meninos e meninas, operada direta, e imediatamente pela religião e meios de comunicação de massa. O percurso a ser utilizado envolve apresentar o debate conceitual sobre gênero, abordar o lugar do feminismo na interpelação da sociedade e do Estado assim como ensaiar sobre as perspectivas futuras à cidadania brasileira, a partir do tema dos direitos humanos. A pedagogia de gênero pode ser um potente recurso da formação básica para a construção de um projeto de Nação coadunado com as necessidades do povo brasileiro, apesar da conjuntura nacional, na área da educação em particular, exigindo um esforço de reconhecimento dos desafios para a superação de uma ordem social excludente e propondo rearranjos e deslocamentos para uma educação crítica e libertadora.Palavras-chave: Gênero. Feminismo e Cidadania. Gender pedagogy and feminism in perspective: implications to brazilian citizenshipABSTRACTThe article addresses the theme of gender relations to induce the recognition of its effects on differential and unequal education of boys and girls operated directly and immediately by the family and school and mediated by the religion and the media. The course that will be used involves to present a conceptual debate about gender, to address the place of feminism in the interpellation of the society and the State, as well to rehearse about the future perspectives to Brazilian citizenship, based on the theme of human rights. The gender pedagogy can be a potent resource of basic training for the construction of a nation project in accordance with the needs of the Brazilian people despite the national context, in the area of education in particular. It also requires an eff ort to recognize the challenges to overcoming a excluded the social order and to propose rearrangements and displacements for a critical and liberating education.Keywords: Gender. Feminism and citizenship. Pedagogía de género y el feminismo en perspectiva: implicaciones a la ciudadanía brasileñaRESUMENEl artículo aborda el tema de las relaciones de género con el objetivo de provocar el reconocimiento de sus efectos en la educación diferenciada y desigual de niños y niñas, operada directa e inmediatamente por la familia y por la escuela y mediada por la religión y medios de comunicación de masa. La trayectoria utilizada incluye presentar un debate conceptual sobre género, abordar el lugar del feminismo en la interpelación de la sociedad y del Estado, así como ensayar sobre las perspectivas futuras de la ciudadanía brasileña, a partir del tema de los derechos humanos. La pedagogía del género puede ser un potente recurso de la formación básica para la construcción de un proyecto de Nación coadunado con las necesidades del pueblo brasileño, a pesar de la conjuntura nacional, en el área de la educación en particular, exigiendo un esfuerzo de reconocimiento de los desafíos para la superación de un orden social excluyente y proponiendo disposiciones y cambios para una educación crítica y libertadora.Palabras clave: Género. Feminismo y ciudadanía.

Triassic sponges (Sphinctozoa) from Hells Canyon, Oregon

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baba Senowbari-Daryan ◽  
George D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Island Arc ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wallowa Terrane ◽  
Unique Condition ◽  
Hells Canyon

Two Upper Triassic sphinctozoan sponges of the family Sebargasiidae were recovered from silicified residues collected in Hells Canyon, Oregon. These sponges areAmblysiphonellacf.A. steinmanni(Haas), known from the Tethys region, andColospongia whalenin. sp., an endemic species. The latter sponge was placed in the superfamily Porata by Seilacher (1962). The presence of well-preserved cribrate plates in this sponge, in addition to pores of the chamber walls, is a unique condition never before reported in any porate sphinctozoans. Aporate counterparts known primarily from the Triassic Alps have similar cribrate plates but lack the pores in the chamber walls. The sponges from Hells Canyon are associated with abundant bivalves and corals of marked Tethyan affinities and come from a displaced terrane known as the Wallowa Terrane. It was a tropical island arc, suspected to have paleogeographic relationships with Wrangellia; however, these sponges have not yet been found in any other Cordilleran terrane.

Electron Microscopy of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 258-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Boatman ◽  
G. E. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
The Family

Information concerning the morphology and replication of organism of the family Mycoplasmataceae remains, despite over 70 years of study, highly controversial. Due to their small size observations by light microscopy have not been rewarding. Furthermore, not only are these organisms extremely pleomorphic but their morphology also changes according to growth phase. This study deals with the morphological aspects of M. pneumoniae strain 3546 in relation to growth, interaction with HeLa cells and possible mechanisms of replication.The organisms were grown aerobically at 37°C in a soy peptone yeast dialysate medium supplemented with 12% gamma-globulin free horse serum. The medium was buffered at pH 7.3 with TES [N-tris (hyroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid] at 10mM concentration. The inoculum, an actively growing culture, was filtered through a 0.5 μm polycarbonate “nuclepore” filter to prevent transfer of all but the smallest aggregates. Growth was assessed at specific periods by colony counts and 800 ml samples of organisms were fixed in situ with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 3 hrs. at 4°C. Washed cells for sectioning were post-fixed in 0.8% OSO4 in veronal-acetate buffer pH 6.1 for 1 hr. at 21°C. HeLa cells were infected with a filtered inoculum of M. pneumoniae and incubated for 9 days in Leighton tubes with coverslips. The cells were then removed and processed for electron microscopy.

Exposure of protein VP7 on the surface of bluetongue virus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
A.D. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Outer Coat ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Family ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Physical Accessibility

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species os the genus orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. The virus has a fibrillar outer coat containing two major structural proteins VP2 and VP5 which surround an icosahedral core. The core contains two major proteins VP3 and VP7 and three minor proteins VP1, VP4 and VP6. Recent evidence has indicated that the core comprises a neucleoprotein center which is surrounded by two protein layers; VP7, a major constituent of capsomeres comprises the outer and VP3 the inner layer of the core . Antibodies to VP7 are currently used in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays and immuno-electron microscopical (JEM) tests for the detection of BTV. The tests involve the antibody recognition of VP7 on virus particles. In an attempt to understand how complete viruses can interact with antibodies to VP7 various antibody types and methodologies were utilized to determine the physical accessibility of the core to the external environment.

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