Legitimating the State and the Social Movement: Clientelism, Brokerage, and Collective Land Rights in Honduras

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
Fernando Galeana
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Redeveloping history in postsocialist Poland

Focaal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (81) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Jaro Stacul
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Public Memory ◽  
The State ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Socialist State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Memorial Landscapes

This article analyzes the reorganization of public memory space in postsocialist Poland and how the state and municipal councils use it to legitimate themselves. Drawing on research conducted in Gdańsk, the birthplace of the social movement (Solidarność) that questioned the legitimacy of the socialist state in the 1980s, it examines the proposed redevelopment of the shipyard where the movement was formed. While the redevelopment sets out to create a public memory space, it is rife with contradictions, for it involves demolishing many buildings associated with the movement. What legitimated the municipal council’s authority over its memorial landscapes was not so much its rediscovery of complex local histories as it was its ability to define the local past in “material” terms.

Political Opportunity Structure, Contentious Social Movements, and State-Based Organizations: The Fight against Solidarity inside the Polish United Workers Party

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
The State ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Political Opportunity Structure ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Studies of social movements have often focused on the role of the state vis-à-vis social movements—in recent times using the concept of political opportunity structure to understand the options available to social movements. This article examines the internal conflicts within the ruling party in Communist Poland to show that a reciprocal process proceeded, in which both the social movement and the state found the choices of action available to them limited by the other, rather than just the social movement. The social upheaval that impacted the entire country brought about the rise of a reform movement within the ruling Polish United Workers Party, which prevented the government from acting as it preferred for a significant period of time. That reform movement, which would not have existed without Solidarity and certainly would not have brought about intraparty changes by itself, saw itself as connected to and dependent upon Solidarity. Party conservatives had to respond to and overcome the reformers before they could turn their full attention to ending the challenge Solidarity presented to the Communist system. In effect, for a time, Solidarity limited the political opportunity structure of the state, while the reverse was also true. While social movement scholars have long considered the possibilities and the limits on possibilities available to social movements because of the state or other external circumstances, this experience demonstrates that similar considerations must sometimes be contemplated with respect to the state.

Identity Politics, Social Movement and the State: ‘Pan-African’ Associations and the Making of an ‘African community’ in Belgium

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Grégoire
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Pan African ◽  
The Social ◽  
African Community ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Drawing on a social movement theoretical framework, the paper explores the collective action desires and attempts expressed within the African associational milieu in Belgium to improve the social, economic and political being of the African-rooted people in Belgium. It thus focuses on the emergence of non-profit organisations aiming at mobilising people of sub-Saharan African descent under a common ‘Pan-African’ banner. It analyses the link between the context for the emergence of these associations ‐ in which the state played an important role ‐ their working modes and their members’ affiliation strategies, as a way to address a ‘lack of mobilisation’ frequently deplored by many African associational leaders. Secondly, it shows how a certain African elite tries to go beyond old rivalries and previous failures, by shaping a Pan-African community, symbolically located both in the African life ‘here’ (in Belgium and by extension Europe) and ‘there’ (in Africa).

scholarly journals Analysis of Revocation of Land Rights by the Government Reviewed from the Concept of Loss

Cepalo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Natasha Marcella Geovanny ◽  
Marchelina Theresia ◽  
Devina Felicia Widjaja
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The control of land by the state is stated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). Based on this article, it means that the State has authority over land tenure, this encourages the writing of a journal on the application of social functions and the determination of compensation that occurs in the land sector. This research was conducted because the authors see that there are still many disputes related to the implementation of the social function itself and the application of the determination of compensation as stipulated in the provisions relating to this matter it is caused because the application in real life has not been running optimally. This study aims to find out how the government’s authority should be for land tenure and its relation to social functions and the determination of compensation. The location used as a case study is located in Batu Jaya Village, Tangerang City. Data collection is done by interviewing several related parties and also conducting a literature study by finding sources related to government authority over land tenure, the concept of social functions, and the determination of compensation. The results of this study indicate that the government has the power to grant land rights and revoke land rights in the public interest.

Inside the State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Banaszak ◽  
Anne Whitesell
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

This chapter focuses on women’s activism within government, particularly in national and state legislatures, as well as in the government bureaucracies at the national and state level. It begins by defining women’s activism in these arenas, and then discusses whether the type of activism of these groups fits with the understanding of activism in the social movement literature, drawing connections to issues of substantive and descriptive representation. A second section introduces the different tactics and strategies that these insider activists might utilize. The chapter then examines insider activists within the bureaucracies and legislatures separately, summarizing current understandings of insider activism in each branch and highlighting how institutional forms might influence their activism. We also analyze various definitions of women insider activists in detail, discussing how definitional differences might lead to different conclusions about the roles these women play. Finally, the chapter points to some directions for future research.

Combining Powers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Sopranzetti
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Core ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Figure ◽  
Do So

This chapter follows the association of motorcycle taxis after the end of the Red Shirts protest. It explores the attempt by military forces to cut off the drivers from the social movement and include them into the state security apparatus. The chapter shows how the association was divided between two conceptions of power—barami and amnāt—and positions this tension at the core the Thai political conflict in the last decade. We are not facing a binary, but rather the unresolved tensions and the failed attempts to combine two conceptualizations of power that need to coexist, even with their contradicting features. To govern Thailand, one needs to needs to have both amnāt and barami, both to claim moral charisma and institutional power, juggling both of them. The conflict, this chapter argues, emerged because, since 2006, no political figure has been seen able to do so.

scholarly journals Predicament of Landlessness: A Critical study of Women’s Rights over Land in Assam

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Kanki Hazarika ◽  
V. Sita
Keyword(s):  
Land Rights ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Community Construction ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Property Inheritance

Land rights to women is one of the significant markers of a gender-just society. It is a basic human right that provides welfare, economic and social security, strong bargaining power and various other benefits. Ownership right over land is also critical to the citizens in terms of exercising and availing rights guaranteed by the state. Based on a narrative from the fieldwork done among the Bodos in Assam, this paper explores the significance of land rights in accessing various rights and welfare programmes and how women are affected in this regard due to lack of land rights. It discusses how a woman’s lack of rights over land can lead to a status of homelessness and place her in a socially and economically precarious position. The landlessness or homelessness status restricts her from accessing various benefits provided by the state. In this context, the paper also looks into the social construction of gendered norms on land rights of the Bodo community. Construction of societal norms on individual’s rights over landed property, inheritance are generally determined by kinship and affinal ideologies of a community. Such norms are often gendered that deny rights to women over this material resource. The most affected are the single, widow and separated women who have no support from the families. Communities having patriarchal ideologies consider women as passive, dependent and secondary subject and accordingly, gendered norms are constructed. Even the state apparatuses, which is often male-dominated, locate woman within the realm of the family and design policies for women as ‘beneficiaries’ and ‘dependents.’ The gendered norms on land rights of a community have a broader impact that goes beyond the community level and enmeshed with the affairs of the state.

Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

SOCIAL INSURANCE IN RUSSIA: STATE, CURRENT CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES TO THEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-95
Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Migranova ◽  
◽  
Valentin D. Roik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Social Insurance Fund ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mandatory Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Funds

The article deals with the issues of functioning of the social insurance institution, the organizational-legal and financial forms of which are presented by the state extrabudgetary social funds - Pension Fund of Russia, Mandatory Social Insurance Fund and Mandatory Health Insurance Fund. It considers the main characteristics of social insurance: a) scope of covering the employed population by insurance protection; b) contribution rates as related to wages; c) level of protection of population incomes (pensions and benefits as related to wages and subsistence minimum); d) availability of quality medical assistance and rehabilitation services. There are analyzed the present social risks and problems of the RF insurance system. The main problem is that the amount of financial expenditures on all types of social insurance per beneficiary is about half that of most developed and developing countries. The primary cause is lacking motivation of both employees and employers to participate in the mandatory social insurance and to legalize their earnings. In the conclusion there are formulated a number of proposals for improvement of the institution of social insurance in Russia. It is proposed to expand the range of insurance cases concerning unemployment insurance and care for elderly people, to increase the total amount of compulsory contributions to extrabudgetary insurance funds from 30.2% up to 42.5% from three sources - employees, employers and the state.

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