On the Nature of Syntactic Variation: Evidence from Complex Predicates and Complex Word-Formation

Language ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Snyder
1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Richter

SummaryThe paper describes three aspects of word-formation research in the People’s Republic of China: motives of word-formation research (beside scientific reason mainly practical reasons, like language teaching and setting up of principles for a future phonetic script), problems of the word as the object of word-formation (especially the complex word comprising compounds and derivatives) and problems of the morpheme as the basic unit of word-formation (the two concepts of cisu and yusu; various classifications of morphemes; the question of assigning lexical categories to morphemes). The paper is introduced by a brief historical survey on word-formation research in China beginning at the end of last century and divided into throe periods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandina Megarani ◽  
Jelita Dini

Slang is a language that is used daily and continues to grow due to the development of social media among fan communities. Each fan community has used slang specific to their interests, one of them being the K-Pop fandom. Despite the international growth of the K-Pop fandom and the spread of its cultural influence over recent years, there has been a lack of discussion on the linguistic aspect of its community, on the slang generated and used by its fan community in particular. Therefore, this research aims to expound on how K-Pop fandom slang words found in the drama ‘Her Private Life’ are formed. The study based its theoretical framework on the National Institute of Korean Language’s (2014) classification of new words in Korean based on its wordformation process. Out of the 24 slang words analyzed from the drama ‘Her Private Life’, there are 3 slang words in the form of a single word and 21 slang words in the form of a complex word. In the case of single-word form slang words, all 3 are created through the borrowing process; while complex-word form slang words are mostly created through the blending process, equating to 9 words in total.


The article examines the morphology of the Karakalpak language, which belongs to the Kipchak group of the Turkic language family. The forms of word formation in the Karakalpak language, their sequences and the affixes added to the core are analyzed. On the basis of the analyzed affixes and suffixes, a complex mathematical model of word formation in the Karakalpak language was developed. On the basis of the developed mathematical model, an algorithm for creating a complex word in the Karakalpak language was developed. Using the developed mathematical model, a four-stage scheme was created for creating complex words of the Karakalpak language.


2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Carlson ◽  
Chip Gerfen

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
Xue Chen

The peculiarities of adaptation of anglicisms in the Chinese language are considered. It is shown that the penetration of English linguistic units into the Chinese language is a modern trend, especially in the field of computer technology. It is noted that the morphemes of borrowed words, penetrating into the Chinese language, take part in word formation in the role of classifiers, becoming a constant component of a complex word, which ensures the productivity of a certain model in the Chinese language. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the semantic scope of the term hacker. It has been established that the word hacker has developed different meanings over the past decades. It is pointed out that as the role of the hacker in life changed, the word acquired new interpretations, from neutral ‘specialist’ to negative ‘miscreant’. It is shown that the most active way of borrowing anglicisms is transliteration: the word hacker functions in the Chinese language in the form of two hieroglyphs 黑客, where the second component is included in the “X + 客” model, according to which other neologisms are created. It was revealed that the model is the most productive for the formation of words with the meaning of a person engaged in a certain activity, which is largely due to the active use of the word hacker in the Chinese language.


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
MARTIN HILPERT

In their contribution to this special issue, De Smet & Van de Velde suggest that the analysability of a morphologically complex word is an indicator of how easily that word is primed by elements that are formed by the same word formation process. To illustrate, hearing or reading the words roughly, equally and luckily within a short span of time should activate the word formation process of ly-suffixation in the listener's mind, so that the subsequent production of fully compositional ly-adverbs, as for instance permanently or comfortably, should become relatively more likely.


2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Rio Rini Diah Moehkardi

As stated by its author, Ferhadius Endi, his book is dedicated to Indonesian learners of French who often find difficulties in understanding French word formations, in particular the nominalization. Not only is French nominalization a complex word formation process, but also the fact that it is mostly explained in French  references that  give more difficulties for Indonesians learners to understand this particular area.


2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 243-272
Author(s):  
Anton Granvik

AbstractThis paper addresses the early variation in what has been called the [prep_que] variable in Spanish nominal complement clauses, i.e. the alternation betweende queandquein examples such asenseñal (de) quelo estimo, Zulema, este anillo ofrezco(CORDE) ‘as a sign that I appreciate You, Zulema, I offer this ring’. By applying several subsequent quantitative analyses on corpus instances of the sequences Nde queand Nque, the locus of variation is restricted to such an extent that the variation can largely be accounted for. A collostructional analysis identifies 31 central nouns of the Nde quecomplement clause construction. A diachronic cluster analysis delimits the temporal dimension of the variation to the 16th and 17th centuries. A distinctive collexeme analysis identifies nine nouns which are used in both constructional formats to a comparable degree:causa‘cause’,duda‘doubt’,esperanza‘hope’,fe‘faith’,opinión‘opinion’,recelo‘fear’,señal‘sign(al)’,sospecha‘suspicion’, andtemor‘fear’. Detailed contextual analysis of the use of these nine nouns by means of a mixed-effects logistic regression reveals that the use of the nouns with a determiner is correlated with thede quevariant, and the use of the nouns as part of complex predicates, as intener sospecha‘have suspicion’, is associated with thequevariant of the complement clause.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Shishir Bhattacharja

Abstract In this article we show, in the light of Bengali data, how verbal constructions known as Complex predicates can be handled in grammar. These constructions are generally described as constituted of two items, the former chosen among various categories of words: noun, verbal forms, adjective, preposition, etc., and the latter, a normally inflected verb. We argue that such constructions are words, and it is preferable to handle them exclusively in morphology. We assume, in the light of Whole Word Morphology, that a Word Formation Strategy may become part of the morphological module of a speaker-hearer if her lexica contains a set of semantically related word-pairs based on the same (i) formal contrast and (ii) categorial affiliation. Hence the individual mental lexica of Bengali speaker-hearers contain sets of pairs of words constituted of simple and complex predicates (such as likhe ‘he writes’ ~ likhejay ‘he continues to write’, etc.). These pairs license particular WFSs (such as /Xe/v,3sg prs ↔ /Xejay/v,3sg prs) which can be activated as needed, to form, remember or retrieve other complex predicates such as bolejay ‘he continues to speak’. Therefore, there is no need to list each one of them separately in a mental lexicon.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Абдураҳмон Мадаминов ◽  

The article deals with the processes that complicate the simple phrase on the basis of word-formation laws. Cases of the formation of components of complex phrases are shown by formation methods. There are presentation about the formation of complex word combinations by methods of contamination and conversion in the Uzbek literary language. Of these, nominal complex phrases are more often used; adjectives, numbers, pronouns and modal words are less common. The given examples are substantiated scientifically and theoretically. Key words: main, dependent word, derivation, contamination, conversion, nominal complex phrases, methods of complication, descriptive, attributive


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