A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Study of the Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue of Pigs Naturally Infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sarradell ◽  
M. Andrada ◽  
A. S. Ramírez ◽  
A. Fernández ◽  
J. C. Gómez-Villamandos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Alveolar Septa

Porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEN), caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh), has been described in pigs in all geographic areas. The disease is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality rates in intensive swine production systems. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study was done to determine the cellular populations present in lung parenchyma of infected pigs, with special attention to the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used for the detection of antigens of Mh, T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), IgG+ or IgA+ lymphocytes, and cells containing lysozyme, S-100 protein, major histocompatibility complex class II antigen or myeloid-histiocyte antigen. Findings in lung tissues associated with Mh infection were catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia, with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles and alveolar septa. Hyperplasia of mononuclear cells in the BALT areas was the most significant histologic change. The BALT showed a high morphologic and cellular organization. Macrophages and B lymphocytes were the main cellular components of germinal centers. T lymphocytes were primarily located in perifollicular areas of the BALT, lamina propria and within the airway epithelium, and plasma cells containing IgG or IgA at the periphery of the BALT, in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles, in alveolar septa, and around bronchial submucosal glands. The hyperplastic BALT in PEN cases consisted of macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, and IgG+ and IgA+ plasma cells. CD4+ cells predominated over CD8+ cells. Local humoral immunity appears to play an important role in the infection.

Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

2010 ◽  
pp. 2244-2256
Author(s):  
D.J. Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles

The gastrointestinal tract is protected by gut-associated lymphoid tissue that provides an environment where interaction occurs between luminal antigen and specially adapted immune tissue in Peyer’s patches (small intestine only) or lymphoid follicles. T and B lymphocytes primed in the gut migrate into the systemic circulation via the thoracic duct but home preferentially to the lamina propria of the intestine. Plasma cells of the lamina propria secrete immunoglobulin A as a dimer linked by a joining peptide....

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Study of Lymphocyte Populations Infiltrating the Gastric Mucosa of Beagle Dogs Experimentally Infected withHelicobacter pylori

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4769-4772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Rossi ◽  
Damiano Fortuna ◽  
Laura Pancotto ◽  
Giacomo Renzoni ◽  
Ennio Taccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations

ABSTRACT Experimental infection of beagle dogs with Helicobacter pylori induces recruitment to the gastric mucosae of neutrophils at early stages and later of mononuclear cells that organize into lymphoid follicles. These structures become macroscopically evident and consist of peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes and central CD21+ B lymphocytes. Furthermore, transient expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) parallels the presence of neutrophils in the gastric mucosae, whereas expression of IL-6 tends to persist chronically.

scholarly journals Defective lymphocyte glycosidases in the macrophage activation cascade of juvenile osteopetrosis

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1473-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Yamamoto ◽  
VR Naraparaju ◽  
PJ Orchard
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

Generation of macrophage-activating factor requires a precursor protein, Gc protein (serum vitamin D3-binding protein), as well as participation of beta-galactosidase of inflammation-primed B lymphocytes and sialidase of T lymphocytes. The treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an inflammatory lysophospholipid induced beta-galactosidase and sialidase activity of lymphocytes, leading to the generation of macrophage-activating factor and activation of monocytes/macrophages. However, lysophospholipid treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three infantile patients with osteopetrosis resulted in no significant activation of monocytes/macrophages. The lysophospholipid-inducible beta- galactosidase activity of B lymphocytes as well as that of the sialidase of T lymphocytes was found to be defective in these patients.

Increased apoptosis in lamina propria B cells during polymicrobial sepsis is FasL but not endotoxin mediated

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. G812-G818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Shiang Chung ◽  
Weiyang Wang ◽  
Irshad H. Chaudry ◽  
Alfred Ayala
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Lymphocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Fas Antigen ◽  
Iga Production

Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated that mucosal lymphoid tissue such as Peyer's patch cells and lamina propria (LP) B lymphocytes from mice shows evidence of increased apoptosis after sepsis that is associated with localized inflammation/activation. The mechanism for this is poorly understood. Endotoxin as well as Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) have been shown to augment lymphocyte apoptosis; however, their contribution to the increase of apoptosis in LP B-cells during sepsis is not known. To study this, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in endotoxin-tolerant C3H/HeJ or FasL-deficient C3H/HeJ- FasLgld(FasL−) mice and LP lymphocytes were isolated 24 h later. Phenotypic, apoptotic, and functional indexes were assessed. The number of LP B cells decreased markedly in C3H/HeJ mice but not in FasL-deficient animals at 24 h after CLP. This was associated with comparable alteration in apoptosis and Fas antigen expression in the B cells of these mice. Septic LP lymphocytes also showed increased IgA production, which was absent in the FasL-deficient CLP mice. Furthermore, Fas ligand deficiency appeared to improve survival of septic challenge. These data suggest that the increase in B cell apoptosis in septic animals is partially due to a Fas/FasL-mediated process but not endotoxin.

scholarly journals 'Role of bone marrow stromal cells in the growth of human multiple myeloma

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 2688-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Caligaris-Cappio ◽  
L Bergui ◽  
MG Gregoretti ◽  
G Gaidano ◽  
M Gaboli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Human Multiple Myeloma

We have verified the hypothesis that multiple myeloma (MM) may be disseminated by circulating clonogenic cells that selectively home to the bone marrow (BM) to receive the signal(s) leading to proliferation, terminal differentiation, and production of the osteoclast activating factors. Long-term cultures of stromal cells have been developed from the BM of nine patients with MM. These cells were mostly fibroblast- like elements, interspersed with a proportion of scattered macrophages and rare osteoclasts. BM stromal cells were CD54+, produced high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and measurable amounts of IL-1 beta, and were used as feeder layers for autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). After 3 weeks of cocultures, monoclonal B lymphocytes and plasma cells, derived from PBMC, developed and the number of osteoclasts significantly increased. Both populations grew tightly adherent to the stromal cell layer and their expansion was matched by a sharp increase of IL-6 and by the appearance of IL-3 in the culture supernatant. These data attribute to BM stromal cells a critical role in supporting the growth of B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and osteoclasts and the in vivo dissemination of MM.

scholarly journals Stimulation of HIV-1 Replication in Immature Dendritic Cells in Contact with Primary CD4 T or B Lymphocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 4172-4182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Holl ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Maryse Peressin ◽  
Alexandre Lederle ◽  
Marina Elizabeth Biedma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Sexual transmission is the major route of HIV-1 infection worldwide. Dendritic cells (DCs) from the mucosal layers are considered to be the initial targets of HIV-1 and probably play a crucial role in HIV-1 transmission. We investigated the role of cell-to-cell contact between HIV-1-exposed immature DCs and various lymphocyte subsets in the stimulation of HIV-1 replication. We found that HIV-1 replication and production in DCs were substantially enhanced by the coculture of DCs with primary CD4 T or nonpermissive B lymphocytes but not with primary activated CD8 T lymphocytes or human transformed CD4 T lymphocytes. Most of the new virions released by cocultures of HIV-1-exposed immature DCs and primary B lymphocytes expressed the DC-specific marker CD1a and were infectious for both immature DCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cocultured DCs thus produced large numbers of infectious viral particles under these experimental conditions. The soluble factors present in the supernatants of the cocultures were not sufficient to enhance HIV-1 replication in DCs, for which cell-to-cell contact was required. The neutralizing monoclonal antibody IgG1b12 and polyclonal anti-HIV-1 sera efficiently blocked HIV-1 transfer to CD4 T lymphocytes but did not prevent the increase in viral replication in DCs. Neutralizing antibodies thus proved to be more efficient at blocking HIV-1 transfer than previously thought. Our findings show that HIV-1 exploits DC-lymphocyte cross talk to upregulate replication within the DC reservoir. We provide evidence for a novel mechanism that may facilitate HIV-1 replication and transmission. This mechanism may favor HIV-1 pathogenesis, immune evasion, and persistence.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry Assessment of In Vitro Generated CD138+Human Plasma Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayelle Itoua Maïga ◽  
Jennifer Lemieux ◽  
Annie Roy ◽  
Carl Simard ◽  
Sonia Néron
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

The in vitro CD40-CD154 interaction promotes human B lymphocytes differentiation into plasma cells. Currently, CD138 is the hallmark marker enabling the detection of human plasma cells, both in vitro and in vivo; its presence can be monitored by flow cytometry using a specific antibody. We have developed a culture system allowing for the differentiation of memory B lymphocytes. In order to detect the newly formed plasma cells, we have compared their staining using five anti-CD138 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As a reference, we also tested human cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and bone marrow samples. The five anti-CD138 mAbs stained RPMI-8226 cells (>98%) with variable stain index (SI). The highest SI was obtained with B-A38 mAb while the lowest SI was obtained with DL-101 and 1D4 mAbs. However, the anti-CD138 mAbs were not showing equivalent CD138+cells frequencies within the generated plasma cells. B-A38, B-B4, and MI-15 were similar (15–25%) while DL-101 mAb stained a higher proportion of CD138-positive cells (38–42%). DL-101 and B-A38 mAbs stained similar populations in bone marrow samples but differed in their capacity to bind toCD138highandCD138locell lines. In conclusion, such cellular fluctuations suggest heterogeneity in human plasma cell populations and/or in CD138 molecules.

Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Transfer of the Indian Hedgehog Gene Modulates Lymphomyelopoiesis In Vivo.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2205-2205
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Kobune ◽  
Yutaka Kawano ◽  
Katsunori Sasaki ◽  
Rishu Takimoto ◽  
Junji Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Indian Hedgehog ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Mock Control ◽  
Single Positive

Abstract Indian hedgehog (Ihh) plays an essential role in angiogenesis, hematogenesis and epiphysis formation during embryogenesis. In the present study, we injected an adenoviral vector (Adv) carrying the mock-control (adv-control) or Ihh gene (Adv-Ihh) into SCID or BALB/c mice to evaluate the effects of lhh on the regulation of postnatal hematopoiesis in vivo. After the intravenous injection of Adv-Ihh, the expression of vector-derived Ihh mRNA was detected in the liver. Four weeks after administration of Adv-Ihh to SCID mice, we observed an increase in the number of c-Kit+ cells and clonogenic cells/105 mononuclear cells in the bone marrow as compared with adv-control administrated mice. Moreover, after administration of Adv-Ihh to BALB/c mice, the number of splenic B220+IgMlowCD23intCD21int B lymphocytes (Figure 1) and CD4+ T lymphocytes (Figure 2) was strongly increased. Furthermore, the number of thymic double negative (DN)2, DN3, CD8+ immature single positive and CD4+/CD8− cells was significantly elevated relative to the number in mice that received the control Adv vector. Our results suggest that enhanced signaling by Ihh can modulate the proliferation and differentiation of splenic B lymphocytes and thymic T lymphocytes during BM hematopoiesis in vivo. Thus, modulation of the Hh signaling pathway may provide a therapeutic strategy to stimulate lymphomyelopoiesis in vivo. Figure Figure Figure Figure

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