scholarly journals Analyzing the Local Epidemiological Profile of Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon Between 2010 and 2015

PLoS Currents ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Canelas ◽  
Helena Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Castillo-Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

scholarly journals Vector-Focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges and Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Elerson Matos Rocha ◽  
Ricardo de Melo Katak ◽  
Juan Campos de Oliveira ◽  
Maisa da Silva Araujo ◽  
Bianca Cechetto Carlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Substantial Progress

In Brazil, malaria transmission is mostly confined to the Amazon, where substantial progress has been made towards disease control in the past decade. Vector control has been historically considered a fundamental part of the main malaria control programs implemented in Brazil. However, the conventional vector-control tools have been insufficient to control or eliminate local vector populations due to the complexity of the Amazonian rainforest environment and ecological features of malaria vector species in the Amazon, especially Anopheles darlingi. Malaria elimination in Brazil and worldwide eradication will require a combination of conventional and new approaches that takes into account the regional specificities of vector populations and malaria transmission dynamics. Here we present an overview on both conventional and novel promising vector-focused tools to curb malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. If well designed and employed, vector-based approaches may improve the implementation of malaria-control programs, particularly in remote or difficult-to-access areas and in regions where existing interventions have been unable to eliminate disease transmission. However, much effort still has to be put into research expanding the knowledge of neotropical malaria vectors to set the steppingstones for the optimization of conventional and development of innovative vector-control tools.

scholarly journals The epidemiological profile of malaria in a municipality in the Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 599-608
Author(s):  
Raquel Alves Fernandes ◽  
and Daniela Soares Leite
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium (Aconoidasida: Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae). The Brazilian Amazon is the area with the highest risk of malaria transmission in the country. The aim of this study was to trace the epidemiological profile of malaria patients between 2010 and 2015, in the Municipality of Marabá, State of Pará, North Brazil. Secondary data were used, of Sivep-malaria of the Municipal Health Department of the municipality. The variables analyzed were the incidence autochthonous or imported cases, genus, species of the causative parasite infection during pregnancy and parasitic annual index. Data analysis used the Chi-Square Test, in the Biostat 5.0. The annual parasitic index (IPA) of malaria cases in Marabá in 2010 was 3.7, followed by the year of 2011 with 2.7, from the year 2012 the IPA drops sharply to 0.68, followed by the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, which presented an IPA of 0.1, 0.07 and 0.01 respectively. Data on the contamination site revealed that 51% of the cases in the period studied were of imported origin and 49% were autochthonous, and there was no significant statistical difference between the years. Males were the most affected by the disease (67%). The most common parasitic species was Plasmodium vivax. Malaria cases have been reduced over the years, and this is due to several factors, such as better access to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, to the control of the vectors, and to the constant work of epidemiological surveillance, although underreporting is still a great problem in the measurement of the actual numbers of cases.

scholarly journals Response to Valle and Zorello Laporta: Clarifying the Use of Instrumental Variable Methods to Understand the Effects of Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. MacDonald ◽  
Erin A. Mordecai
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Original Approach

Identifying the effects of environmental change on the transmission of vectorborne and zoonotic diseases is of fundamental importance in the face of rapid global change. Causal inference approaches, including instrumental variable (IV) estimation, hold promise in disentangling plausibly causal relationships from observational data in these complex systems. Valle and Zorello Laporta recently critiqued the application of such approaches in our recent study of the effects of deforestation on malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon on the grounds that key statistical assumptions were not met. Here, we respond to this critique by 1) deriving the IV estimator to clarify the assumptions that Valle and Zorello Laporta conflate and misrepresent in their critique, 2) discussing these key assumptions as they relate to our original study and how our original approach reasonably satisfies the assumptions, and 3) presenting model results using alternative instrumental variables that can be argued more strongly satisfy key assumptions, illustrating that our results and original conclusion—that deforestation drives malaria transmission—remain unchanged.

scholarly journals Parasitological Indices of Malaria Transmission in Children under Fifteen Years in Two Ecoepidemiological Zones in Southwestern Burkina Faso

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide S. Hien ◽  
Ibrahim Sangaré ◽  
Sanata Coulibaly ◽  
Moussa Namountougou ◽  
Léa Paré-Toé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The Impact

Twenty years after the latest publications performed on the parasitological indices of malaria transmission in northwest of the second city of Burkina Faso, it was important to update the epidemiological profile of malaria in children under the age of 15 years. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the parasitological parameters of malaria transmission by season, area, and age in the two zones (rice and savanna) in the northwest of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Overall, the results showed that there was no significant difference in the parasitological indices of malaria transmission within children under fifteen years between the rice site and the savannah site and whatever the season (P>0.05). The profound environmental modifications that occurred in the rice zone would have led to changes in vector behavior and consequently to changes in the epidemiological profile of malaria, contrary to the results obtained since the last publications. An entomological study correlated with this study is therefore necessary for effective decision-making for the malaria control in both areas. Future research must now focus on the impact that these profound environmental modifications of rice area are having on malaria control in Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals The role of spatial mobility in malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: The case of Porto Velho municipality, Rondônia, Brazil (2010-2012)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0172330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussara Rafael Angelo ◽  
Tony Hiroshi Katsuragawa ◽  
Paulo Chagastelles Sabroza ◽  
Lino Augusto Sander de Carvalho ◽  
Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Porto Velho

scholarly journals Reduction of incidence and relapse or recrudescence cases of malaria in the western region of the Brazilian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Deus Vieira ◽  
Karla Nayma Mundt Gim ◽  
Guilherme Mendes Zaqueo ◽  
Thaianne da Cunha Alves ◽  
Tony Hiroshi Katsuragawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: Malaria is one of the major parasitic diseases in the State of Rondônia, located in the western Brazilian Amazon. The basic treatment scheme for this disease is chloroquine and primaquine. This study evaluated the epidemiological profile of malaria in Rondônia between 2008 and 2012. Methodology: The epidemiological data were provided by the Health Surveillance Agency from the State of Rondônia, and socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, and from the National Institute for Space Research. The analyzed variables included year of diagnosis, gender, age group, main activity performed in the 15 days previous to the diagnosis, parasite species, level of parasitemia, number of relapse/recrudescence cases, and socioeconomic and environmental data for Rondônia. Results: A total of 238,626 cases of malaria were recorded in Rondônia during the study period. Of this total, 65.6% were men and the most prevalent age group was 20–39 years. Plasmodium vivax was the most common parasite (89.8%), followed by Plasmodium   falciparum (9.4%). An average of 30.9% of the individuals who were tested presented with relapse/recrudescence malaria. The API value was highest in 2008 and lowest in 2012, corresponding to 42.3 cases and 19.2 cases per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively. Conclusions: A 58% reduction in the number of malaria cases and a 36.2% reduction in the number of relapse/recrudescence malaria cases were observed, due to increases in the economy, improvements in the health system, and reduction of deforestation in this region.

scholarly journals Environmental and socioeconomic analysis of malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon, 2010–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Tiago Canelas ◽  
Carlos Castillo-Salgado ◽  
Oswaldo Santos Baquero ◽  
Helena Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Forest Coverage ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the environmental and socioeconomic risk factors of malaria transmission at municipality level, from 2010 to 2015, in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: The municipalities were stratified into high, moderate, and low transmission based on the annual parasite incidence. A multinomial logistic regression that compared low with medium transmission and low with high transmission was performed. For each category, three models were analyzed: one only with socioeconomic risk factors (Gini index, illiteracy, number of mines and indigenous areas); a second with the environmental factors (forest coverage and length of the wet season); and a third with all covariates (full model). RESULTS: The full model showed the best performance. The most important risks factors for high transmission were Gini index, length of the wet season and illiteracy, OR 2.06 (95%CI 1.19–3.56), 1.73 (95%CI 1.19–2.51) and 1.10 (95%CI 1.03–1.17), respectively. The medium transmission showed a weaker influence of the risk factors, being illiteracy, forest coverage and indigenous areas statistically significant but with marginal influence. CONCLUSIONS: As a disease of poverty, the reduction in wealth inequalities and, therefore, health inequalities, could reduce the transmission considerably. Besides, environmental risk factors as length of the wet season should be considered in the planning, prevention and control. Municipality-level and fine-scale analysis should be done together to improve the knowledge of the local dynamics of transmission.

scholarly journals Analysis of Deaths Occurred in Households during the Pandemic by COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon Region: An Epidemiological Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽  
Phelipe da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Adriana Pimentel Veras ◽  
Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Death Certificate ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Approach ◽  
At Home

In the absence of an analysis of deaths at home from an epidemiological perspective, this study aims to analyze and describe the epidemiological profile of deaths at home assessed by the Death Ceremony Service (DCS) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the metropolitan region of the Brazilian Amazon, Belém do Pará. A descriptive, quantitative, secondary-based study based on the databases of the Mortality Information System (SIM), referring to the deaths that occurred from March 1 to March 27 June 2020. The variables worked were related to the profile and the causes in the death certificate. The causes of home deaths in 2019 were used to compare with 2020. In the indicated period, 1,203 deaths occurred, an increase of 454% in relation to 2019. The male gender (57.30%), the age group of 60+ (80.80%) and brown race (77.70%) were the most frequent. The main cause of death Acute myocardial infarction (15.05%) followed by COVID-19 (10.29%). During the pandemic, the majority of home deaths were not directly caused by COVID-19, however, they were influenced by it due to the need for social isolation, with the impossibility of obtaining the proper diagnosis or proper treatment, due to the impossibility of on-site care or lack of immediate response.

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