scholarly journals Ten simple rules for making a vocabulary FAIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. e1009041
Author(s):  
Simon J. D. Cox ◽  
Alejandra N. Gonzalez-Beltran ◽  
Barbara Magagna ◽  
Maria-Cristina Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Data Annotation ◽  
Standard Representation ◽  
Web Standards ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
The Individual

We present ten simple rules that support converting a legacy vocabulary—a list of terms available in a print-based glossary or in a table not accessible using web standards—into a FAIR vocabulary. Various pathways may be followed to publish the FAIR vocabulary, but we emphasise particularly the goal of providing a globally unique resolvable identifier for each term or concept. A standard representation of the concept should be returned when the individual web identifier is resolved, using SKOS or OWL serialised in an RDF-based representation for machine-interchange and in a web-page for human consumption. Guidelines for vocabulary and term metadata are provided, as well as development and maintenance considerations. The rules are arranged as a stepwise recipe for creating a FAIR vocabulary based on the legacy vocabulary. By following these rules you can achieve the outcome of converting a legacy vocabulary into a standalone FAIR vocabulary, which can be used for unambiguous data annotation. In turn, this increases data interoperability and enables data integration.

Ayurveda dietary guidelines during Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481
Author(s):  
Ishwari Gaikwad ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The current world situation is both frightening and alarming due to the massive disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The next few days are censorious as we need to be very precautious in our daily regimen as well as dietary habits. Ayurveda offers knowledge about food based on certain reasoning. Indecent food custom is the chief cause for the rising development of health disorders in the current era. In classical texts of Ayurveda, the concept of diet explained well, ranging from their natural sources, properties and specific utility in pathological as well as physiological manner. In this work, the review of the relevant literature of Ahara (Diet) was carried out from Charak Samhita and other texts, newspapers, articles, web page related to the same.  Every human being is unique with respect to his Prakriti (Physical and mental temperament), Agni (Digestive capacity), Koshtha  (Nature of bowel) etc. For that reason, the specificity of the individual should be kept in mind. Ahara, when consumed in the appropriate amount at the right moment following all Niyamas (Guidelines) given in Ayurveda texts, gives immunity and keeps the body in a healthy state during pandemics such as Covid-19. Ultimately, this will help the human body to maintain its strength for life. This article reviews the concept of diet viz. combination of foods, their quantity and quality, methods of preparation and processing, which are to be followed during pandemics and are essential in maintenance and endorsement of health and preclusion of diseases.

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization to Reach the Maximum Grain and Stover Yields of Maize (Zea mays L.): Tendency Modeling

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Medina-Cuéllar ◽  
Deli N. Tirado-González ◽  
Marcos Portillo-Vázquez ◽  
Sergio Orozco-Cirilo ◽  
Marco A. López-Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quadratic Models

Utilization of maize stover to the production of meat and milk and saving the grains for human consumption would be one strategy for the optimal usage of resources. Variance and tendency analyses were applied to find the optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization dose (0, 100, 145, 190, 240, and 290 kg/ha) for forage (F), stover (S), cob (C), and grain (G) yields, as well as the optimal grain-to-forage, cob-to-forage, and cob-to-stover ratios (G:F, C:F, and C:S, respectively). The study was performed in central Mexico (20.691389° N and −101.259722° W, 1740 m a.m.s.l.; Cwa (Köppen), 699 mm annual precipitation; alluvial soils). N-190 and N-240 improved the individual yields and ratios the most. Linear and quadratic models for CDM, GDM, and G:F ratio had coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.20–0.46 (p < 0.03). Cubic showed R2 = 0.30–0.72 (p < 0.02), and the best models were for CDM, GDM, and the G:F, C:F, and C:S DM ratios (R2 = 0.60–0.72; p < 0.0002). Neither SHB nor SDM negatively correlated with CDM or GDM (r = 0.23–0.48; p < 0.0001). Excess of N had negative effects on forage, stover, cobs, and grains yields, but optimal N fertilization increased the proportion of the G:F, C:F, and C:S ratios, as well as the SHB and SDM yields, without negative effects on grain production.

Antibodies to Rotaviruses in Chickens' Eggs: A Potential Source of Antiviral Immunoglobulins Suitable for Human Consumption

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Robert H. Yolken ◽  
Flora Leister ◽  
Siok-Bi Wee ◽  
Robin Miskuff ◽  
Steven Vonderfecht
Keyword(s):  
Binding Activity ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The prevalence of antibodies to human rotaviruses in commercially available eggs and egg products that are suitable for human consumption was investigated. The yolks of virtually all of the individual eggs and pasteurized pooled egg preparations contain antirotavirus antibodies detectable by means of enzyme immunoassay systems. Also, the eggs and egg preparations are capable of inhibiting the growth of two strains of rotaviruses in tissue culture. Chromatographic studies indicated that the antigen-binding activity is limited largely to the immunoglobulin fractions of the egg yolks. The antibody levels in eggs can be increased by the immunization of hens with purified rotavirus preparations, and the immunoglobulins isolated from the eggs of immunized hens can prevent the development of rotavirus gastroenteritis in experimentally infected animals. Egg preparations might serve as a practical source of antiviral antibodies suitable for consumption by infants and young children.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Exposure of Turkey Farmers to Antimicrobial Resistance Associated with Working Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Giorgio Franceschini ◽  
Marta Bottino ◽  
Ilary Millet ◽  
Elisa Martello ◽  
Francesca Zaltron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Individual

The objective of the present study was the identification of farming practices in the production of turkeys for human consumption, and their ranking in terms of the occupational probability of exposure to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, for farm workers. We gathered evidence and data from scientific literature, on risk factors for AMR in farmers, and on the prevalence of those hazards across farming phases. We administered semi-structured interviews to public and private veterinarians in Northern Italy, to obtain detailed information on turkey farming phases, and on working practices. Data were then integrated into a semi-quantitative Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Those working practices, which are characterized by direct contact with numerous animals, and which are carried out frequently, with rare use of personal protection devices resulted as associated with the greatest probability of exposure to AMR. For methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), these included vaccination and administration of any individual therapy, and removal and milling of litter, given the exposure of farmers to high dust level. Indeed, levels of occupational exposure to MRSA are enhanced by its transmission routes, which include direct contact with animal, as well as airborne transmission. Level of exposure to extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) is more strictly associated with direct contact and the oral-fecal route. Consequently, exposure to ESBL resulted and associated with the routinely tipping over of poults turned on their back, and with the individual administration of therapies.

The economic value of basin protection to improve the quality and reliability of potable water supply: the case of Loja, Ecuador

Water Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Zapata ◽  
Holger M. Benavides ◽  
Carlos E. Carpio ◽  
David B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Potable Water Supply ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
The Individual

The objective of this study was to estimate the economic value that people living in Loja, Ecuador, place on the protection of two basins when the protection is designed to improve both the quality and reliability of the water supply for human consumption by urban residents. Empirical results indicate that households have an average willingness to pay (WTP) of $5.80 per month to preserve the basins. The main variables affecting WTP are current monthly water cost, perception about the fairness of the existing water price, the number of hours that service is available, and the gender of the individual interviewed. The results of this study, and the later implementation by the Loja City Municipality of a basin protection project funded through a fee on water users, provide evidence that households at all income levels strongly support and are willing to pay for a project that has the potential to improve the quality of water services and protect the environment.

scholarly journals DATA INTEROPERABILITY OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W4-2021 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
W. N. F. W. A. Basir ◽  
U. Ujang ◽  
Z. Majid ◽  
S. Azri
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Data Standard ◽  
Building Information

Abstract. Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in construction industry has been applied for many years back. This because BIM can provide a better advantage in construction industry in term of controlling and managing construction project during their life cycle. The advantages that can be provide by BIM is focusing on the indoor planning tasks. But, when the construction project involves, besides indoor planning, outdoor planning also is important part that need to be look up. To cover the outdoor planning in construction project, Geographic Information System (GIS) need to be applied. GIS can overcome this problem because GIS mainly for outdoor planning by using their spatial analysis. GIS can offer a high degree of geospatial information and can provide the detailed geometrical and semantic information of building to assisted across improve automation. Towards produce the improved preparation in construction project, BIM and GIS should be integrated. To integrate both domains, the data interoperability between them need to be investigate because they used different data standard. This study focusses on solving the data interoperability through the data integration between BIM and GIS to solve the problem of data mismatch and data missing during data translation process. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) was used as a data standard to perform the data integration between BIM and GIS. The outcomes from this study show that when the data interoperability applied between BIM and GIS, the problem above can be solved, and the data dimension and their coordinate system also can be control.

scholarly journals Analiza dejavnikov ribolovne učinkovitosti v metierjih Severnega Atlantika

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janja Jerebic ◽  
Špela Kajzer ◽  
Anja Goričan ◽  
Drago Bokal
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Variance Explained

The management of fishing fleets is an important factor in the sustainable exploitation of marine organisms for human consumption. Therefore, regulatory services monitor catches and limit them based on data. In this paper, we analyze North Atlantic Fishing Organization (NAFO) data on North Atlantic catches to direct the effectiveness of fishing stakeholders. Data on fishing time (month and year), equipment, location, type of catch, and, for us, the most interesting, data on the fishing effort are given, and their quality is analyzed. In the last part, The Principal Component Analysis for individual activities, among which fishing stakeholders can decide, is performed on a selected data sample. The complexity of the connections between the set of observed activities is explained by new uncorrelated variables - principal components - that are important for achieving the expected fishing catch. We find that the proportions of variance explained by the individual principal components are low, which indicates the high complexity of the topic discussed.

DATA INTEGRATION MODEL DESIGN FOR SUPPORTING DATA CENTER PATIENT SERVICES DISTRIBUTED INSURANCE PURCHASE WITH VIEW BASED DATA INTEGRATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Slamet Sudaryanto Nurhendratno ◽  
Sudaryanto Sudaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Query Rewriting ◽  
Schema Mapping ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Data Source

 Data integration is an important step in integrating information from multiple sources. The problem is how to find and combine data from scattered data sources that are heterogeneous and have semantically informant interconnections optimally. The heterogeneity of data sources is the result of a number of factors, including storing databases in different formats, using different software and hardware for database storage systems, designing in different data semantic models (Katsis & Papakonstantiou, 2009, Ziegler & Dittrich , 2004). Nowadays there are two approaches in doing data integration that is Global as View (GAV) and Local as View (LAV), but both have different advantages and limitations so that proper analysis is needed in its application. Some of the major factors to be considered in making efficient and effective data integration of heterogeneous data sources are the understanding of the type and structure of the source data (source schema). Another factor to consider is also the view type of integration result (target schema). The results of the integration can be displayed into one type of global view or a variety of other views. So in integrating data whose source is structured the approach will be different from the integration of the data if the data source is not structured or semi-structured. Scheme mapping is a specific declaration that describes the relationship between the source scheme and the target scheme. In the scheme mapping is expressed in in some logical formulas that can help applications in data interoperability, data exchange and data integration. In this paper, in the case of establishing a patient referral center data center, it requires integration of data whose source is derived from a number of different health facilities, it is necessary to design a schema mapping system (to support optimization). Data Center as the target orientation schema (target schema) from various reference service units as a source schema (source schema) has the characterization and nature of data that is structured and independence. So that the source of data can be integrated tersetruktur of the data source into an integrated view (as a data center) with an equivalent query rewriting (equivalent). The data center as a global schema serves as a schema target requires a "mediator" that serves "guides" to maintain global schemes and map (mapping) between global and local schemes. Data center as from Global As View (GAV) here tends to be single and unified view so to be effective in its integration process with various sources of schema which is needed integration facilities "integration". The "Pemadu" facility is a declarative mapping language that allows to specifically link each of the various schema sources to the data center. So that type of query rewriting equivalent is suitable to be applied in the context of query optimization and maintenance of physical data independence.Keywords: Global as View (GAV), Local as View (LAV), source schema ,mapping schema

scholarly journals ‘Not in My Bin’: Consumer’s Understanding and Concern of Food Waste Effects and Mitigating Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5685
Author(s):  
Matteo Vittuari ◽  
Luca Falasconi ◽  
Matteo Masotti ◽  
Simone Piras ◽  
Andrea Segrè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

About one third of all food produced for human consumption is wasted. Along with a lively debate on food loss and waste definition and quantification, growing attention is dedicated to the faceted dimensions of consumers’ food waste. Drivers, effects, and mitigating factors have been mainly studied in isolation, with limited attention paid to their interrelationships. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the underlying relationship between the causes of food waste and consumers’ perception of their role and of their concern on food waste effects and mitigating factors. The article draws on a survey submitted to 938 respondents while shopping at a supermarket in Italy in 2015. Data were processed by principal components to identify latent dimensions of consumer behavior, and a cluster analysis was performed to identify homogenous groups of consumers. Results emphasize the complexity of the relationship between consumers and food resources. They suggest that while consumers are aware about food waste as a global issue, they often fail to identify the individual contribution they might provide for its prevention and reduction. The article also detects three groups of consumers with different approaches to food waste management and a specific perception of the food waste phenomenon.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Changes In Viewing Behavior On Similarly Structured Web Pages

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Kaspar ◽  
Frank Ollermann ◽  
Kai-Christoph Hamborg
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Fixation Probability ◽  
Web Page ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internet Shop ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Fixation

This article focuses on the impact of observation time and web page structure on viewing behavior. 63 subjects observed similarly structured pages of a popular commercial internet shop. Eye movements were recorded and analyzed regarding several saccade parameters, the individual fixation distribution by means of a progressive entropy approach, and the within- as well as between-subject congruency of fixation distributions. Our results show that viewing behavior significantly changed while subjects observed individual web pages. In contrast, we only found little evidence for a change in eye movements across web pages and hence for an attention-related schema building. In this context, we also provide an example of the impact of web page elements’ position on fixation probability.

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