scholarly journals A secretory phospholipase D hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to suppress rice heading time

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1009905
Author(s):  
Li Qu ◽  
Yu-Jia Chu ◽  
Wen-Hui Lin ◽  
Hong-Wei Xue
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Heading Time ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Localization Analysis ◽  
And Function

Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids and is crucial in various physiological processes and transduction of different signals. Secretory phospholipases play important roles in mammals, however, whose functions in plants remain largely unknown. We previously identified a rice secretory PLD (spPLD) that harbors a signal peptide and here we reported the secretion and function of spPLD in rice heading time regulation. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed the signal peptide is indispensable for spPLD secretion into the extracellular spaces, where spPLD hydrolyzes substrates. spPLD overexpression results in delayed heading time which is dependent on its secretory character, while suppression or deficiency of spPLD led to the early heading of rice under both short-day and long-day conditions, which is consistent with that spPLD overexpression/suppression indeed led to the reduced/increased Hd3a/RFT1 (Arabidopsis Flowing Locus T homolog) activities. Interestingly, rice Hd3a and RFT1 bind to phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and a further analysis by lipidomic approach using mass spectrometry revealed the altered phospholipids profiles in shoot apical meristem, particularly the PC species, under altered spPLD expressions. These results indicate the significance of secretory spPLD and help to elucidate the regulatory network of rice heading time.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Identification, Evolutionary and Functional Analyses of Kfb Family Members in Potato

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruimin Tang ◽  
Haitao Dong ◽  
Liheng He ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Yuanrui Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Duplicated Genes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Localization Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

Abstract Background: Kelch repeat F-box (KFB) proteins play vital roles in the regulation of multitudinous biochemical and physiological processes in plants, including growth and development, stress response and secondary metabolism. Multiple KFBs have been characterized in various plant species, but this family members have not been systematically identified and analyzed in potato. Results: Genome and transcriptome analyses of StKFB gene family were conducted to dissect the structure, evolution and function of the KFBs in Solanum tuberosum L. Totally, 44 StKFB members were identified and were classified into 5 groups according to their structural and phylogenetic features. The chromosomal localization analysis showed that the 44 StKFB genes were located on 12 chromosomes. Among these genes, two pairs of genes (StKFB15/16 and StKFB40/41) were predicted to be tandemly duplicated genes, and one pair of genes (StKFB15/29) was segmentally duplicated genes. The syntenic analysis showed that the KFBs in potato were closely related to the KFBs in tomato and pepper. Expression profiles of StKFBs in 13 different tissues and in potato plants with different treatments uncovered distinct spatial expression patterns of these genes and their potential roles in response to various stresses. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses of StKFBs deciphered that multiple StKFB genes were differentially expressed in three colored potato tubers. Genes that were highly expressed in yellow fleshed tubers (Jin-16) and were lowly expressed in the red- (Red Rose-2) or purple-fleshed (Xisen-8) tubers, such as StKFB07, StKFB15, StKFB23, StKFB29 and StKFB44, may negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.Conclusions: This study reports the structure, evolution and expression characteristics of the KFB family in potato. These findings set the stage for further study of functional mechanisms of StKFBs, and also provide candidate genes for potato genetic improvement.

Matrix Metalloproteinases in Invertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068-1081
Author(s):  
Xi Liu ◽  
Dongwu Liu ◽  
Yangyang Shen ◽  
Mujie Huang ◽  
Lili Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
And Function

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of metal-dependent endopeptidases which contain a series of conserved pro-peptide domains and catalytic domains. MMPs have been widely found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. MMPs are involved in regulating numerous physiological processes, pathological processes, and immune responses. In addition, MMPs play a key role in disease occurrence, including tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases. Compared with invertebrate MMPs, vertebrate MMPs have diverse subtypes and complex functions. Therefore, it is difficult to study the function of MMPs in vertebrates. However, it is relatively easy to study invertebrate MMPs because there are fewer subtypes of MMPs in invertebrates. In the present review, the structure and function of MMPs in invertebrates were summarized, which will provide a theoretical basis for investigating the regulatory mechanism of MMPs in invertebrates.

scholarly journals NKL Homeobox Gene VENTX Is Part of a Regulatory Network in Human Conventional Dendritic Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5902
Author(s):  
Stefan Nagel ◽  
Claudia Pommerenke ◽  
Corinna Meyer ◽  
Hans G. Drexler
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
And Function

Recently, we documented a hematopoietic NKL-code mapping physiological expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in human myelopoiesis including monocytes and their derived dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we enlarge this map to include normal NKL homeobox gene expressions in progenitor-derived DCs. Analysis of public gene expression profiling and RNA-seq datasets containing plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells (pDC and cDC) demonstrated HHEX activity in both entities while cDCs additionally expressed VENTX. The consequent aim of our study was to examine regulation and function of VENTX in DCs. We compared profiling data of VENTX-positive cDC and monocytes with VENTX-negative pDC and common myeloid progenitor entities and revealed several differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors and pathway components, representing potential VENTX regulators. Screening of RNA-seq data for 100 leukemia/lymphoma cell lines identified prominent VENTX expression in an acute myelomonocytic leukemia cell line, MUTZ-3 containing inv(3)(q21q26) and t(12;22)(p13;q11) and representing a model for DC differentiation studies. Furthermore, extended gene analyses indicated that MUTZ-3 is associated with the subtype cDC2. In addition to analysis of public chromatin immune-precipitation data, subsequent knockdown experiments and modulations of signaling pathways in MUTZ-3 and control cell lines confirmed identified candidate transcription factors CEBPB, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, IRF2, MN1, SPIB, and SPI1 and the CSF-, NOTCH-, and TNFa-pathways as VENTX regulators. Live-cell imaging analyses of MUTZ-3 cells treated for VENTX knockdown excluded impacts on apoptosis or induced alteration of differentiation-associated cell morphology. In contrast, target gene analysis performed by expression profiling of knockdown-treated MUTZ-3 cells revealed VENTX-mediated activation of several cDC-specific genes including CSFR1, EGR2, and MIR10A and inhibition of pDC-specific genes like RUNX2. Taken together, we added NKL homeobox gene activities for progenitor-derived DCs to the NKL-code, showing that VENTX is expressed in cDCs but not in pDCs and forms part of a cDC-specific gene regulatory network operating in DC differentiation and function.

scholarly journals Release of dialkylglycerol from purple membrane phospholipids by phospholipase D.

1990 ◽  
Vol 265 (11) ◽  
pp. 5956-5959
Author(s):  
A Muga ◽  
J L Arrondo ◽  
J I Gurtubay ◽  
F M Goñi
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and analysis of class III peroxidases in Betula pendula

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewei Cai ◽  
Huixin Liu ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Xiyang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidases ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Class III peroxidases (POD) proteins are widely present in the plant kingdom that are involved in a broad range of physiological processes including stress responses and lignin polymerization throughout the plant life cycle. At present, POD genes have been studied in Arabidopsis, rice, poplar, maize and Chinese pear, but there are no reports on the identification and function of POD gene family in Betula pendula. Results We identified 90 nonredundant POD genes in Betula pendula. (designated BpPODs). According to phylogenetic relationships, these POD genes were classified into 12 groups. The BpPODs are distributed in different numbers on the 14 chromosomes, and some BpPODs were located sequentially in tandem on chromosomes. In addition, we analyzed the conserved domains of BpPOD proteins and found that they contain highly conserved motifs. We also investigated their expression patterns in different tissues, the results showed that some BpPODs might play an important role in xylem, leaf, root and flower. Furthermore, under low temperature conditions, some BpPODs showed different expression patterns at different times. Conclusions The research on the structure and function of the POD genes in Betula pendula plays a very important role in understanding the growth and development process and the molecular mechanism of stress resistance. These results lay the theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of Betula pendula.

PIN-FORMED 1 regulates cell fate at the periphery of the shoot apical meristem

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (23) ◽  
pp. 5157-5165 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vernoux ◽  
J. Kronenberger ◽  
O. Grandjean ◽  
P. Laufs ◽  
J. Traas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Hybrid Identity ◽  
Hormone Transport ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
And Function

The process of organ positioning has been addressed, using the pin-formed 1 (pin1) mutant as a tool. PIN1 is a transmembrane protein involved in auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Loss of function severely affects organ initiation, and pin1 mutants are characterised by an inflorescence meristem that does not initiate any flowers, resulting in the formation of a naked inflorescence stem. This phenotype, combined with the proposed role of PIN1 in hormone transport, makes the mutant an ideal tool to study organ formation and phyllotaxis, and here we present a detailed analysis of the molecular modifications at the shoot apex caused by the mutation. We show that meristem structure and function are not severely affected in the mutant. Major alterations, however, are observed at the periphery of the pin1 meristem, where organ initiation should occur. Although two very early markers of organ initiation, LEAFY and AINTEGUMENTA, are expressed at the periphery of the mutant meristem, the cells are not recruited into distinct primordia. Instead a ring-like domain expressing those primordium specific genes is observed around the meristem. This ring-like domain also expresses a boundary marker, CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2, involved in organ separation, showing that the zone at the meristem periphery has a hybrid identity. This implies that PIN1 is not only involved in organ outgrowth, but that it is also necessary for organ separation and positioning. A model is presented in which PIN1 and the local distribution of auxin control phyllotaxis.

Construction of an lncRNA–mRNA Co-Expression Regulatory Network Mediating Inflammation and Regeneration Following Acute Pancreatitis Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Tianjie Chen ◽  
Xiaohua Zhang ◽  
Shulei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pancreatic Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
And Function

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the occurrence and development of many diseases and can be used as targets for diagnosis and treatment. However, the expression and function of lncRNAs in the injury and repair of acute pancreatitis (AP) are unclear. To decipher lncRNAs’ regulatory roles in AP, we reanalyzed an RNA-seq dataset of 24 pancreatic tissues, including those of normal control mice (BL), those 7 days after mild AP (D7), and those 14 days after mild AP (D14). The results showed significant differences in lncRNA and mRNA expression of D7/D14 groups compared with the control group. Co-expression analysis showed that differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were closely related to immunity- and inflammation-related pathways by trans-regulating mRNA expression. The lncRNA–mRNA network showed that the lncRNAs Dancer, Gmm20488, Terc, Snhg3, and Snhg20 were significantly correlated with AP pathogenesis. WGCNA and cis regulation analysis also showed that AP repair-associated lncRNAs were correlated with extracellular and inflammation-related genes, which affect the repair and regeneration of pancreatic injury after AP. In conclusion, the systemic dysregulation of lncRNAs is strongly involved in remodeling AP’s gene expression regulatory network, and the lncRNA–mRNA expression network could identify targets for AP treatment and damage repair.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Function of 14-3-3 Proteins in Neurodegeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadayuki Shimada ◽  
Alyson E. Fournier ◽  
Kanato Yamagata
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Neuroprotective Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Regulation Of Enzyme Activity

14-3-3 proteins are abundantly expressed adaptor proteins that interact with a vast number of binding partners to regulate their cellular localization and function. They regulate substrate function in a number of ways including protection from dephosphorylation, regulation of enzyme activity, formation of ternary complexes and sequestration. The diversity of 14-3-3 interacting partners thus enables 14-3-3 proteins to impact a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes. 14-3-3 proteins are broadly expressed in the brain, and clinical and experimental studies have implicated 14-3-3 proteins in neurodegenerative disease. A recurring theme is that 14-3-3 proteins play important roles in pathogenesis through regulating the subcellular localization of target proteins. Here, we review the evidence that 14-3-3 proteins regulate aspects of neurodegenerative disease with a focus on their protective roles against neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Flowering Behavior in Response to Photoperiod and Vernalization in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Abu-Elenein ◽  
Rabea Al-Sayaydeh ◽  
Zahera Akkeh ◽  
Zakaria Al-Ajlouni ◽  
AbdRaheem A. Al-Bawalize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background In barley, flowering behavior is a highly regulated and complex process where the appropriate matching of reproductive development with seasonal variation in water availability confer barley adaptation to different environments. In this study, the role of variation in flowering time and drought tolerance in four selected barley genotypes was studied under field and controlled conditions. For this purpose, field trials were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three diverse environments where the studied genotypes were subjected to either rainfed conditions or rainfed plus supplementary irrigation under two different sowing dates. Furthermore, reproductive meristem development in two selected barley genotypes, Rum (drought tolerant) and Steptoe (drought-sensitive) was also assessed in response to both vernalization and water stress under two different photoperiod conditions.Results Variation in the number of days to heading was more pronounced under rainfed conditions than under well water conditions. For agronomic performance, Rum was superior under all tested environments, which assure its general adaptability to multiple environments, while Steptoe was the poorest. The transition to reproductive meristem was faster under vernalized long-day conditions as compared to vernalized short-day conditions. The progress of shoot apical meristem development and heading under long-day conditions was significantly faster in Rum than that of Steptoe. A clear effect of drought stress was observed on shoot apical meristem development in Steptoe. Under short-day conditions, vernalized Rum plants subjected to water deficit showed an advanced meristem development stage a significant earlier HD when compared with non-stressed plants. This early flowering behavior in stressed Rum plants under short-day conditions was accompanied by higher gene expression of the Vrn-H1 gene. Conclusion In conclusion, the integration of vernalization and photoperiod signals in drought-tolerant barley genotypes is associated with early flowering behavior and higher productivity in dry environments.

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