scholarly journals Prevalence and prediction of Lyme disease in Hainan province

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009158
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Xiong Zhu ◽  
Xuexia Hou ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Xiaona Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Correlated Data ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Interaction ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Correlated Factors

Lyme disease (LD) is one of the most important vector-borne diseases worldwide. However, there is limited information on the prevalence and risk analysis using correlated factors in the tropical areas. A total of 1583 serum samples, collected from five hospitals of Hainan Province, were tested by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and western blot (WB) analyses using anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. Then, we mapped the distribution of positive rate (by IFA) and the spread of confirmed Lyme patients (by WB). Using ArcGIS, we compiled host-vector-human interactions and correlated data as risk factor layers to predict LD risk in Hainan Province. There are three LD hotspots, designated hotspot I, which is located in central Hainan, hotspot II, which contains Sanya district, and hotspot III, which lies in the Haikou-Qiongshan area. The positive rate (16.67% by IFA) of LD in Qiongzhong, located in hotspot I, was higher than that in four other areas. Of confirmed cases of LD, 80.77% of patients (42/52) whose results had been confirmed by WB were in hotspots I and III. Hotspot II, with unknowed prevalence of LD, need to be paid more attention considering human-vector interaction. Wuzhi and Limu mountains might be the most important areas for the prevalence of LD, as the severe host-vector and human-vector interactions lead to a potential origin site for LD. Qiongzhong is the riskiest area and is located to the east of Wuzhi Mountain. In the Sanya and Haikou-Qiongshan area, intervening in the human-vector interaction would help control the prevalence of LD.

scholarly journals Dogs Vaccinated with Common Lyme Disease Vaccines Do Not Respond to IR6, the Conserved Immunodominant Region of the VlsE Surface Protein of Borrelia burgdorferi

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. O'Connor ◽  
Kathy J. Esty ◽  
Jancy L. Hanscom ◽  
Paulette Shields ◽  
Mario T. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Fort Dodge Animal Health

ABSTRACT A 25-amino-acid synthetic peptide (C6 peptide) derived from an immunodominant conserved region (designated IR6) of the VlsE protein of Borrelia burgdorferi has been identified and used to construct immunoenzyme-based diagnostic procedures. These procedures have excellent sensitivity and specificity. Previous reports have demonstrated the usefulness of the C6 peptide as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of human and canine Lyme disease. Results indicated that assays based on the C6 peptide were nonreactive to sera from vaccinated nonexposed animals. The purpose of the present study was to confirm these results in a controlled trial by testing sera from experimentally vaccinated dogs known to be uninfected. Nine specific-pathogen-free beagles were assigned to one of three vaccine groups, each containing three dogs. Each group received one of three commercial Lyme vaccines: RECOMBITEK Lyme (Merial), LymeVax (Fort Dodge Animal Health), and Galaxy Lyme (Schering-Plough Animal Health). Each animal was administered a total of five doses of vaccine over a period of 39 weeks. Serum samples were collected prior to vaccination and then on a weekly basis from weeks 3 to 18 and from weeks 33 to 43. Selected samples were tested by the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the Western blot (WB) assay using whole-cell B. burgdorferi antigen extracts, and the results were compared to those obtained with two immunoenzyme-based procedures formatted by using the C6 peptide. Serum specimens from all animals were reactive to the IFA and WB assay at week 5 and became highly reactive following the administration of multiple doses of vaccine. All serum specimens were uniformly nonreactive in the C6 peptide immunoenzyme procedures at all time points throughout the study.

scholarly journals Immunodiagnosis of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis by Using Culture-Derived Human Isolates †

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1480-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dana Ravyn ◽  
Jesse L. Goodman ◽  
Carrie B. Kodner ◽  
Deborah K. Westad ◽  
Lisa A. Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) is an emerging infection caused by an Ehrlichia species closely related toEhrlichia equi and Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Recent advances in the isolation and cultivation of this organism have allowed us to develop an immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and Western immunoblotting (WB) using HL-60 cell culture-derived human isolates. Antibody was detected in sera from culture-confirmed HGE patients by IFA and EIA, and these samples were reactive when analyzed by immunoblot analysis. HGE patient sera had high antibody titers and did not react with uninfected HL-60 cells. When IFA, EIA, and WB were used to analyze sera from healthy donors or those with a range of other disorders, including infections caused byEhrlichia chaffeensis, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Coxiella burnetti, no significant cross-reactivity could be detected by EIA or immunoblot analysis with the exception of two of four serum samples from R. rickettsii-infected patients that were reactive by IFA only. Sera from HGE patients did not significantly cross-react in serologic tests for Borrelia burgdorferi. Using sera from patients previously enrolled in two clinical trials of treatment for early Lyme disease, we evaluated a two-step approach for estimation of the seroprevalence of antibodies reactive with the etiologic agent of HGE. On the basis of the immunoblot assay results for sera from culture-confirmed HGE patients, WB was used to confirm the specificity of the antibody detected by EIA and IFA. EIA was found to be superior to IFA in the ability to detect WB-confirmed antibodies to the HGE agent. When EIA and WB were used, 56 (19.9%) patients with early Lyme disease (n = 281) had either specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG antibodies; 38 patients (13.5%) had IgM only, 6 (2.1%) had IgG only, and 12 (4.3%) had both IgM and IgG. Therefore, Lyme disease patients are at high potential risk for exposure to Ehrlichia. Analysis by immunoblotting of serial samples from persons with culture-confirmed HGE or patients with Lyme disease and antibodies to the agent of HGE revealed a reproducible pattern of the immune response to specific antigens. These samples confirmed the importance of the 42- to 45-kDa antigens as early, persistent, and specific markers of HGE infection. Other significant immunogenic proteins appear at 20, 21, 28, 30, and 60 kDa. Use of the two-test method of screening by EIA and confirming the specificity by WB appears to offer a sound approach to the clinical immunodiagnosis of HGE.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiologic Survey of Lyme Disease among Forestry Workers in National Park Offices in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2933
Author(s):  
Dilaram Acharya ◽  
Ji-Hyuk Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
South Korea ◽  
National Park ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Forestry Workers ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Limited data are available on the current status of Lyme disease in South Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Lyme disease infection among forestry workers in National Park Offices in South Korea. We enrolled National Park Office forestry workers (NPOFWs) who had worked for ≥1 year. Participants completed questionnaires that addressed various subjects including work types and work hygiene-related factors. Collected serum samples were tested using immunofluorescence assay to detect anti-Borrelia antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors of seroprevalence. Of 1,410 NPOFWs, 655 (46.5%) participated in this study, and an overall seroprevalence of Lyme disease antibodies was 8.1%. Analysis showed that always eating meals in woodland (odds ratio (OR), 5.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08–12.52) and raising dogs outside homes (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.57–6.75) were significantly associated with Lyme disease infection. This seroprevalence study indicates that Lyme disease is an important disease among NPOFWs in South Korea. These identified modifiable risk factors should be considered while designing preventive strategies for reducing Lyme disease infection among NPOFWs.

scholarly journals Serum Samples Cannot Be Used for Fluorescence Immunoassay for detection of myocardial infarction triple

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanju Xu ◽  
Zhonghua Gong ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Shiyu Lv ◽  
Jiazheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

Abstract Background: Whole blood or plasma samples are recommended for use in triple-marker testing of myocardial infarction. Whether serum sample can be used for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction has not been compared and validated.Methods: Whole blood samples and serum samples were detected with CTnI, Mb and CK-MB simultaneously by using immunofluorescence assay method.Results: Both CK-MB and TNI detection results were highly consistent for whole blood samples vs. serum samples. However, when Mb is tested, the positive rate of serum samples is relatively low, and there will be more false negative results, resulting in missed diagnosis.Conlusion: Serum samples cannot be used in replace of whole blood samples for triple-marker testing and diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of vector-borne diseases in two groups of domestic dogs from Lisbon, Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mafalda Dordio ◽  
Relja Beck ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
Isabel Pereira da Fonseca ◽  
Jacinto Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods. They have been an issue of growing importance in recent years; however, there is limited information about the vector-borne pathogens circulating in Portugal. The aim of the present study was to detect canine vector-borne bacteria and protozoa of veterinary and zoonotic importance using molecular methods. Methods One hundred and forty-two dogs from Lisbon, southern Portugal, were tested: 48 dogs from a veterinary hospital clinically suspected of vector-borne diseases and 94 apparently healthy dogs from shelters. Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp., and Mycoplasma spp. infections were detected by PCR from blood samples and examined under light microscopy. Other information including clinical status and diagnostic test results were collected for each animal. Results Infections were detected by PCR in 48 (33.80%) dogs. Single infections were found in 35 dogs (24.64%), and co-infections were found in 13 (9.15%) dogs. Twenty-nine (20.42%) dogs were positive for Hepatozoon spp., 15 (10.56%) for Mycoplasma spp., 11 (7.75%) for Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., and six (4.21%) for Babesia spp. DNA sequencing was used to identify Babesia vogeli (2.81%), Babesia canis (1.40%), Hepatozoon canis (20.42%), Mycoplasma haematoparvum (2.11%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (8.45%), Anaplasma platys (7.04%), and Ehrlichia canis (0.70%). Conclusions This is the first molecular identification of B. canis and M. haematoparvum in dogs from southern Portugal. This study highlights the importance of molecular methods to identify CVBD pathogens in endemic areas and helps to guide the clinical approach of veterinarians in practice.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus type 2 and its coinfection rate in Shandong province in China from 2015 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Ma ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Zhaohu Liu ◽  
Fanliang Meng ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the crucial swine viral pathogens, caused porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). Shandong province is one of the most important pork producing areas and bears a considerable economic loss due to PCVAD. However, there is limited information on epidemiology and coinfection rate of PCV2 with other critical swine diseases in this area, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Results Overall, 89.59% serum samples and 36.98% tissue samples were positive for PCV2 specified ELISA and PCR positive for PCV2, respectively. The coinfection rates of PCV2 with PRRSV, PRV, CSFV, and PEDV were 26.73%, 18.37%, 13.06%, and 3.47%, respectively. Moreover, genetic characteristic of PCV2 were analyzed based on the cap genes showing that PCV2d is the dominant sub-genotype circulating in the province. Conclusions Our findings reveal that PCV2d, as the dominant strain, is prevailing in pig farms in Shandong province at high levels. There was a high frequency of coinfection of PCV2 and PRRSV.

scholarly journals A rapid point-of-care assay accurately measures vitamin D

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Albrecht ◽  
J. Lotz ◽  
L. Frommer ◽  
K. J. Lackner ◽  
G. J. Kahaly
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Assay Validation ◽  
Accuracy And Precision

Abstract Purpose Vitamin D (VitD) is a pleiotropic hormone with effects on a multitude of systems and metabolic pathways. Consequently, the relevance of a sufficiently high VitD serum level becomes self-evident. Methods A rapid immunofluorescence assay designed for the point-of-care measurement of serum VitD3 solely was tested. Inter- and intra-assay validation, double testing and result comparison with a standardized laboratory method were performed. Results An overall linear correlation of r = 0.89 (Pearson, 95% CI 0.88–0.92, p < 0.01) between the point of care and the conventional reference assay was registered. Accuracy and precision were of special interest at cut-points (10 ng/ml [mean deviation 1.7 ng/ml, SD 1.98 ng/ml, SE 0.16 ng/ml], 12 ng/ml [MD 0.41, SD 1.89, SE 0.19] and 30 ng/ml [MD − 1.11, SD 3.89, SE 0.35]). Only a slight deviation was detected between the two assays when using fresh (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.94, p < 0.01) and frozen serum samples (r = 0.86, 0.82–0.89, p < 0.01). Results remained steady when samples were frozen several times. Inter- and intra-assay validation according to the CLSI protocol as well as multiuser testing showed stable results. Conclusion This novel, innovative, and controlled study indicates that the evaluated rapid point of care VitD assay is reliable, accurate, and suited for clinical practice.

scholarly journals C-Terminal Invariable Domain of VlsE Is Immunodominant but Its Antigenicity Is Scarcely Conserved among Strains of Lyme Disease Spirochetes

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 3224-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ting Liang ◽  
Lisa C. Bowers ◽  
Mario T. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal

ABSTRACT VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, contains two invariable domains located at the amino and carboxyl terminal ends, respectively, and a central variable domain. In this study, both immunogenicity and antigenic conservation of the C-terminal invariable domain were assessed. Mouse antiserum to a 51-mer synthetic peptide (Ct) which reproduced the entire sequence of the C-terminal invariable domain of VlsE from B. burgdorferi strain B31 was reacted on immunoblots with whole-cell lysates extracted from spirochetes of 12 strains from the B. burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. The antiserum recognized only VlsE from strain B31, indicating that epitopes of this domain differed among these strains. When Ct was used as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen, all of the seven monkeys and six mice that were infected with B31 spirochetes produced a strong antibody response to this peptide, indicating that the C-terminal invariable domain is immunodominant. None of 12 monkeys and only 11 of 26 mice that were infected with strains other than B31 produced a detectable anti-Ct response, indicating a limited antigenic conservation of this domain among these strains. Twenty-six of 33 dogs that were experimentally infected by tick inoculation were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 5 of 18 serum samples from dogs clinically diagnosed with Lyme disease contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. Fifty-seven of 64 serum specimens that were collected from American patients with Lyme disease were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 12 of 21 European samples contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. In contrast, antibody to the more conserved invariable region IR6 of VlsE was present in all of these dog and human serum samples.

Reactivity of serum samples from patients with a flavivirus infection measured by immunofluorescence assay and ELISA

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelopie Koraka ◽  
Herve Zeller ◽  
Matthias Niedrig ◽  
Albert D.M.E Osterhaus ◽  
Jan Groen
Keyword(s):  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

scholarly journals A case of human monocytic ehrlichiosis in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Arsic ◽  
Ana Gligic ◽  
Elizabeta Ristanovic ◽  
Branislav Lako ◽  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of

Introduction. Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous arthropods - ticks. In humans, it occurs as monocytic, granulocytic, and ewingii ehrlichiosis. Pathological process is based on parasitic presence of Ehrlichia organisms within peripheral blood cells - monocytes and granulocytes. Case Outline. Fifty-two year old patient was admitted to hospital due to high fever of over 40?C that lasted two days, accompanied with chills, muscle aches, malaise, loss of appetite, headache, confusion, breathing difficulties, and mild dry cough. The history suggested tick bite that occurred seven days before the onset of disease. Doxycycline was introduced and administered for 14 days, causing the disease to subside. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to analyze three serum samples obtained from this patient for Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies, and peripheral blood smear was evaluated for the presence of Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia aggregation into morulae. Conclusion. Ehrlichiosis should be considered in each case where there is a history of tick bite together with the clinical picture (high fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, generalized weakness and malaise, and possible maculopapular rash). The presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies was confirmed in a patient with the history of tick bite, appropriate clinical picture and indirect immunofluorescence assay. This confirmed the presence of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, a disease that is uncommonly identified in our country.

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