scholarly journals Ecological Change, Sliding Baselines and the Importance of Historical Data: Lessons from Combing Observational and Quantitative Data on a Temperate Reef Over 70 Years

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e0118581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Gatti ◽  
Carlo Nike Bianchi ◽  
Valeriano Parravicini ◽  
Alessio Rovere ◽  
Andrea Peirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Temperate Reef

scholarly journals Penerapan Lean Manufacturing untuk Mengurangi Waste pada Produksi Absorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Ravizar ◽  
Rosihin Rosihin
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Process Speed

This study aims to reduce the waste that occurs on each workstation and has an impact on increasing productivity and reducing production costs caused by waste that occurs during production. The data used for this study is quantitative data obtained by direct observation to the relevant departments regarding the problem of identifying waste that occurs — data taken from observations as much as 30 times the collection of data and historical data used from January 2016 to June 2017. By using the value stream mapping method on lean manufacturing, it can be seen that there are five types of waste from the existing seven waste. The five wastes are unnecessary motion, waiting, reject, transportation and in-process processes. From the results of the value stream mapping carried out a reduction in waste on each workstation with a total reduction of waste that occurs at 66.97 tons / year or 18.6% on waste gel and 88.8 tons / year or 19.3% at waste powder and there was a reduction in the changeover process for 45 minutes or 12.16% of the total changeover time before the improvement. Also, there was also an increase in the production process speed of 2 minutes 47 seconds or 4.52% from the lead time of the previous production process, 61 minutes 34 seconds to 58 minutes 47 seconds.

scholarly journals Tropicalization of temperate reef fish communities depends on urchin herbivory and thermal response diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Schuster ◽  
Rick Stuart-Smith ◽  
Graham Edgar ◽  
Amanda Bates
Keyword(s):  
Fish Communities ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Response Diversity ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Temperate Reefs ◽  
Species Pools ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Warm Temperate

Global declines in structurally complex habitats are reshaping both land and seascapes in directions that affect biological communities’ responses to warming. Here, we test whether widespread loss of kelp habitats through sea urchin overgrazing systematically changes warming sensitivity of fish communities. Community thermal affinity shifts related to habitat were assessed by simulating and comparing fish communities from 2,271 surveys across 15 ecoregions. We find that fishes in kelp and urchin barrens differ in realized thermal affinities and range sizes, but only in regions where species pools have high variability in species’ thermal affinities. Barrens on warm-temperate reefs host relatively more warm-affinity fish species than neighbouring kelp beds, highlighting acceleration of tropicalization processes facilitated by urchin herbivory. By contrast, proportionally more cool-affinity fishes colonize barrens at high temperate latitudes, contributing to community lags with ocean warming in these regions. Our findings implicate urchins as drivers of ecological change, in part by affecting biological resilience to warming.

scholarly journals Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO2 emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (43) ◽  
pp. 13272-13277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nagelkerken ◽  
Sean D. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Budget ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem

Rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions are anticipated to drive change to ocean ecosystems, but a conceptualization of biological change derived from quantitative analyses is lacking. Derived from multiple ecosystems and latitudes, our metaanalysis of 632 published experiments quantified the direction and magnitude of ecological change resulting from ocean acidification and warming to conceptualize broadly based change. Primary production by temperate noncalcifying plankton increases with elevated temperature and CO2, whereas tropical plankton decreases productivity because of acidification. Temperature increases consumption by and metabolic rates of herbivores, but this response does not translate into greater secondary production, which instead decreases with acidification in calcifying and noncalcifying species. This effect creates a mismatch with carnivores whose metabolic and foraging costs increase with temperature. Species diversity and abundances of tropical as well as temperate species decline with acidification, with shifts favoring novel community compositions dominated by noncalcifiers and microorganisms. Both warming and acidification instigate reduced calcification in tropical and temperate reef-building species. Acidification leads to a decline in dimethylsulfide production by ocean plankton, which as a climate gas, contributes to cloud formation and maintenance of the Earth’s heat budget. Analysis of responses in short- and long-term experiments and of studies at natural CO2 vents reveals little evidence of acclimation to acidification or temperature changes, except for microbes. This conceptualization of change across whole communities and their trophic linkages forecast a reduction in diversity and abundances of various key species that underpin current functioning of marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Principles of δ18O, δ13C, and 87Sr/86Sr in the Palaeosciences.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Wilkin
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Weathering Rates ◽  
The World

The stable isotopes of oxygen (O), carbon (C), strontium (Sr), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N) have all been utilised for great effect in palaeoclimate, palaeoecological and palaeobiological studies. Of these, O and C have been by far the most important and, in many types of study, their use has become routine in universities and research institutions around the world. Stable isotopes provide quantitative data about palaeotemperatures, metabolic rates, food webs, palaeosalinity, palaeoprecipitation and evaporation rates as well as glacial ice volumes, production and burial of organic carbon, and other processes related to palaeoclimatic/biological/ecological change. Except for Sr, all the previously mentioned isotopes (O, C, H, and N) directly record paleoclimatic, biological and palaeoecological processes. Conversely, Sr reflects the composition of rocks at the Earth's surface, and its values reflect on the climate indirectly as it is a proxy for global weathering rates and seafloor spreading. This review will only be focusing on three isotopes commonly deployed by palaeo-researchers: carbon, oxygen, and strontium.

scholarly journals Foreseeing the Past: Probability and Ancient Greek Decision-Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 17-58
Author(s):  
Paul Vădan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Qualitative Probability ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information

The article explores the concept of probability in ancient Greece from a non-scientific perspective and shows how ancient decision-makers used historical data to make calculated decisions and speculate about the future. First, the paper considers how quantitative data was used by ancient Greek communities to make economic projections. It then shows how ancient Greek generals used the same conceptual tools to determine their odds of victory by tallying up and comparing the number and composition of armies and resources available to them and their enemy. In the third section, the paper examines how qualitative probability was articulated through the language of hope and likelihood to formulate chances of success in moments of crisis. Finally, the paper shows that ancient decision-makers implemented “power laws” to adapt to changing circumstances and the flow of new information, as they sought to improve their odds of success relative to their rivals.

scholarly journals Short Term Stock Movements with Big Data and Market Sentiments Analytics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2305-2313
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trend Prediction ◽  
Learning Techniques

Machine Learning Techniques and Big Data analytics are two central points of data science. Big Data is important for organizations to gain insights into it and machine learning techniques are one of the substantial assets for analyzing a massive amount of data. In this paper, a framework has been proposed to improve the short term stock trend prediction accuracy using Logistic Regression model by means of qualitative and quantitative data. This paper makes a comprehensive survey of stock market trend prediction with the accumulation of various data sources by applying machine learning techniques and by using big data analytics approach. The model has been implemented in Big data Framework with Hadoop and Apache Spark. For qualitative data Tweets sentiments and news sentiments has been taken in to account and for quantitative data Google trends and historical data are considered. The proposed system has enhanced the prediction accuracy about 3-4 % in comparison to existing models by supplying Google trend as input data in addition to market sentiments and historical data. The implemented model can help the investors to take short term decisions to make money in the security market and the survey would help in finding the most effective resources which overly influence the stock prices.

Metallurgical Effects of Grain Boundary Ledges

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Ledge Density

Ledges in grain boundaries can be identified by their characteristic contrast features (straight, black-white lines) distinct from those of lattice dislocations, for example1,2 [see Fig. 1(a) and (b)]. Simple contrast rules as pointed out by Murr and Venkatesh2, can be established so that ledges may be recognized with come confidence, and the number of ledges per unit length of grain boundary (referred to as the ledge density, m) measured by direct observations in the transmission electron microscope. Such measurements can then give rise to quantitative data which can be used to provide evidence for the influence of ledges on the physical and mechanical properties of materials.It has been shown that ledge density can be systematically altered in some metals by thermo-mechanical treatment3,4.

Morphometric analysis of cellular interactions with the endothelium during the development of arterial lesions using Scanning Electron Microscopy and digital image analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
M.E. Rosenfeld ◽  
C. Karboski ◽  
M.F. Prescott ◽  
P. Goodwin ◽  
R. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous research documenting the chronology of the cellular interactions that occur on or below the surface of the endothelium during the initiation and progression of arterial lesions, primarily consisted of descriptive studies. The recent development of lower cost image analysis hardware and software has facilitated the collection of high resolution quantitative data from microscopic images. In this report we present preliminary quantitative data on the sequence of cellular interactions that occur on the endothelium during the initiation of atherosclerosis or vasculitis utilizing digital analysis of images obtained directly from the scanning electron microscope. Segments of both atherosclerotic and normal arteries were obtained from either diet-induced or endogenously (WHHL) hypercholesterolemic rabbits following 1-4 months duration of hypercholesterolemia and age matched control rabbits. Vasculitis was induced in rats following placement of an endotoxin soaked thread adjacent to the adventitial surface of arteries.

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