scholarly journals Behavioral Immune System and Ingroup Derogation: The Effects of Infectious Diseases on Ingroup Derogation Attitudes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0122794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wu ◽  
Chuan Tan ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Ping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Immune System

scholarly journals Behavioral immune system linked to responses to the threat of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Makhanova ◽  
Melissa A. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability To Disease ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance ◽  
Big 5 Personality

People possess psychological processes that help them avoid pathogens, which is particularly important when novel infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19) spread through the population. Across two studies we examined whether trait pathogen avoidance (operationalized as perceived vulnerability to disease; PVD) was linked with responses to COVID-19 and preventative behaviors. In Study 1, PVD was positively associated with stronger reactions to the threat of COVID-19, including increased anxiety, perceptions that people should alter their typical behavior, as well as reported importance of engaging in proactive and social distancing behaviors. In Study 2, PVD was again associated with increased anxiety, as well as more vigilant behavior when grocery shopping, fewer trips to the store, and fewer face-to-face interactions. These associations remained significant when controlling for the Big-5 personality traits. Although the two subscales of PVD (germ aversion and perceived infectability) were often parallel predictors, several differences between the subscales emerged. Germ aversion may be more associated with behaviors whereas perceived infectability with vigilance.

scholarly journals Exposure and Aversion to Human Transmissible Diseases Predict Conservative Ideological and Partisan Preferences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O'Shea ◽  
Joseph A Vitriol ◽  
Christopher Federico ◽  
Jacob Appleby ◽  
Allison Williams
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
State Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The U.S

The objective prevalence of and subjective vulnerability to infectious diseases are associated with greater in-group preference, conformity, and traditionalism. However, evidence directly testing the link between infectious diseases and political ideology and partisanship is lacking. Across four studies, including a large sample representative of the U.S. population (N > 12,000), we demonstrate that higher environmental levels of human transmissible diseases and avoidance of germs from human carriers predict conservative ideological and partisan preferences. During the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 848), we replicated this germ aversion finding and determined that these conservative preferences were primarily driven by avoidance of germs from out-groups (foreigners) rather than in-groups (locals). Moreover, socially conservative individuals expressed lower concerns of being susceptible to contracting infectious diseases during the pandemic and worried less about COVID-19. These effects were robust to individual-level and state-level controls. We discuss these findings in light of theory on parasite stress and the behavioral immune system, and with regard to the political implications of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Behavioral Immune System and its Unique Effect on Prejudice and Stigmatization in Patients with Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asie Eftekhari ◽  
Maryam Bakhtiari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Behavioral Safety ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
Neurological Processes

Introduction: Behavioral immune systems allow organisms to detect the presence of disease-causing pathogens in their environment more immediately and engage in behaviors that prevent them from coming into contact with objects and individuals. There is extensive research linking behavioral immune systems to a variety of prejudices. These prejudices cause labeling and ultimately social stigma on these people. Therefore, the present study investigated the behavioral safety system and its unique effect on prejudice and stigmatization in people with infectious diseases. In this review study, the research literature was searched through Google Scholar and PubMed with the words "Behavioral Immune System, Prejudice, Stigmatization", and the relevant authorities were included in this study. Research has shown that people tend to associate illness with obesity, the manifestation of facial symptoms, physical disability, and foreign nationality in order to avoid becoming ill by predicting illness and thus overreacting to them. These reactions occur in many groups of people who do not actually have the contagious disease and are called a type of psychological allergy. These prejudicial reactions and labeling can cause social distress for these people and their long-term social isolation. Conclusion: Disgust is triggered in response to pathogen-related stimuli and is associated with unique patterns of autonomic nervous system activity and neural activity, but in functional connections between anatomical structures, chemical neurological processes, and various cognitive and behavioral phenomena, the genetic structure is involved. Demonstrating behavioral immunity, there is not much information and more study is needed.

Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Anagha Gulhane ◽  
Shamli Hiware
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Life Phase ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Nutritional Recommendation

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.

scholarly journals On the modeling of the interaction between tumor growth and the immune system using some new fractional and fractional-fractal operators

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Uniqueness Of The Solution ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
New Research

Abstract Humans are always exposed to the threat of infectious diseases. It has been proven that there is a direct link between the strength or weakness of the immune system and the spread of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, AIDS, and Covid-19 as soon as the immune system has no the power to fight infections and infectious diseases. Moreover, it has been proven that mathematical modeling is a great tool to accurately describe complex biological phenomena. In the recent literature, we can easily find that these effective tools provide important contributions to our understanding and analysis of such problems such as tumor growth. This is indeed one of the main reasons for the need to study computational models of how the immune system interacts with other factors involved. To this end, in this paper, we present some new approximate solutions to a computational formulation that models the interaction between tumor growth and the immune system with several fractional and fractal operators. The operators used in this model are the Liouville–Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio, and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo in both fractional and fractal-fractional senses. The existence and uniqueness of the solution in each of these cases is also verified. To complete our analysis, we include numerous numerical simulations to show the behavior of tumors. These diagrams help us explain mathematical results and better describe related biological concepts. In many cases the approximate results obtained have a chaotic structure, which justifies the complexity of unpredictable and uncontrollable behavior of cancerous tumors. As a result, the newly implemented operators certainly open new research windows in further computational models arising in the modeling of different diseases. It is confirmed that similar problems in the field can be also be modeled by the approaches employed in this paper.

scholarly journals Behavioral immune system activity predicts downregulation of chronic basal inflammation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0203961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gassen ◽  
Marjorie L. Prokosch ◽  
Anastasia Makhanova ◽  
Micah J. Eimerbrink ◽  
Jordon D. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Behavioral Immune System

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION: Immune Relevant Animal Models: Opportunities and Challenges

ILAR Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Gregers Jungersen ◽  
Jorge Piedrahita
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

Abstract Valid interpretation of preclinical animal models in immunology-related clinical challenges is important to solve outstanding clinical needs. Given the overall complexity of the immune system and both species- and tissue-specific immune peculiarities, the selection and design of appropriate immune-relevant animal models is, however, not following a straightforward path. The topics in this issue of the ILAR Journal provide assessments of immune-relevant animal models used in oncology, hematopoietic-, CAR-T cell- and xenotransplantation, adjuvants and infectious diseases, and immune privileged inflammation that are providing key insights into unmet human clinical needs.

scholarly journals The role of nutrition in strengthening immune system against newly emerging viral diseases: case of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Meghit Boumediene Khaled ◽  
Nada Benajiba
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Prevention Measures

The immune system is involved in the protection of host against environmental agents such as pathogenic micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) and chemicals, thereby preserving the integrity of the body. To preserve organism defense mechanisms, adequate nutritional status should be maintained with appropriate intakes of calories, vitamins, minerals and water that should be continuously provided by a healthy diet. The emergence of new infectious diseases with new pathogenic properties constitutes a serious health issue worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) represents one of the most recent emerging infectious diseases, caused by a novel coronavirus member called (SARS-CoV-2), identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, and recognized as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The nutritional status of each COVID-19-infected patient should be assessed prior undertaking treatments. Nutritional support should be the basis of management of any infected individual. However, prevention measures remain the first priority and strategy to develop throughout proper hygiene, healthy diet and staying home. Keywords: Nutrition, Immune system, Viral diseases, SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cytokine Storm Induced by Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13009
Author(s):  
Xi-Dian Tang ◽  
Tian-Tian Ji ◽  
Jia-Rui Dong ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Feng-Qiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Targeted Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

Cytokine storm is a phenomenon characterized by strong elevated circulating cytokines that most often occur after an overreactive immune system is activated by an acute systemic infection. A variety of cells participate in cytokine storm induction and progression, with profiles of cytokines released during cytokine storm varying from disease to disease. This review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cytokine storm induction and progression induced by pathogenic invasive infectious diseases. Strategies for targeted treatment of various types of infection-induced cytokine storms are described from both host and pathogen perspectives. In summary, current studies indicate that cytokine storm-targeted therapies can effectively alleviate tissue damage while promoting the clearance of invading pathogens. Based on this premise, “multi-omics” immune system profiling should facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate cytokine storms caused by various diseases.

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