Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India

AbstractIn this retrospective study, we describe and analyse Salmonella data from four livestock species in Great Britain between 1983 and 2014, focusing on Salmonella Typhimurium. A total of 96 044 Salmonella isolates were obtained during the study period. S. Typhimurium was the predominant serovar isolated from cattle and pigs and represented 40.7% (18 455/45 336) and 58.3% (4495/7709) of isolates from these species respectively, while it only accounted for 6.7% (2114/31 492) of chicken isolates and 8.1% (926/11 507) of turkey isolates. Over the study period, DT104 was the most common phage type in all four species; however, DT104 peaked in occurrence between 1995 and 1999, but is currently rare.Monophasic strains of S. Typhimurium represented less than 3% of all Salmonella isolates in cattle and chickens in 2014, but accounted for 10.4% of all turkey isolates and 39.0% of all pig isolates in the same year.Salmonella isolates were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance of S. Typhimurium isolates is largely influenced by the dominance of specific phage types at a certain time, which are commonly associated with particular resistance patterns. Changes in resistance patterns over time were analysed and compared between species.

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Temporal profile of antimicrobial resistance exhibited by strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of bovine mastitis for 20 years (1992-2011)

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140928 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1035-1041

Author(s):

Ananda Paula Kowalski ◽

Grazieli Maboni ◽

Julia Pires Espindola ◽

Ariane Foletto ◽

Guerino Bandeira Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

The Other ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Records of in vitro susceptibility tests performed between 1992 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed in order to evaluate the dynamic profiles of possible changes in antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis during two decades. The results of 2,430 isolates tested by disk diffusion technique for susceptibility to oxacillin, penicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, sulfazotrim, gentamicin, and neomycin were analysed. Comparisons were performed between the percentages of resistance to antimicrobials and their classes and also between the decades studied. Additionally, the possible tendency or changes in the behaviour of these pathogens against the major drugs used in the last two decades were evaluated using regression analysis. The highest rates of resistance (P<0.0001) were observed for the beta-lactams (34.3%), with exception of cephalexin (6.9%), and for the tetracyclines (28%). Similar resistance rates (7.6% to 15.7%) were observed among the other drugs. Regression analysis showed a reduction in resistance to penicillin and ampicillin throughout the period, whilst for oxacillin and neomycin a decrease in the resistance was observed during the first decade, followed by an increase. A trend towards decreased resistance was found for sulfazotrim, whereas for the other antimicrobials no decrease was observed. The results indicated no trend towards increased resistance for most antimicrobials tested. Nevertheless, it is necessary to monitor the resistance patterns of these pathogens in order to save these drugs as a therapeutic reserve

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The Genetic Relatedness and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Mastitis-Causing Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from New Zealand Dairy Cattle

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8110287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Sabrina S. Greening ◽

Ji Zhang ◽

Anne C. Midwinter ◽

David A. Wilkinson ◽

Scott McDougall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

New Zealand ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Antimicrobial Usage ◽

Dry Cow Therapy ◽

Usage Patterns ◽

Resistance Patterns

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of bovine mastitis worldwide and is a common indication for use of antimicrobials on dairy farms. This study aims to investigate the association between on-farm antimicrobial usage and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of mastitis-causing S. aureus. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 57 S. aureus isolates derived from cows with either clinical or subclinical mastitis from 17 dairy herds in New Zealand. The genetic relatedness between isolates was examined using the core single nucleotide polymorphism alignment whilst AMR and virulence genes were identified in-silico. The association between gene presence-absence and sequence type (ST), antimicrobial susceptibility and dry cow therapy treatment was investigated using Scoary. Altogether, eight STs were identified with 61.4% (35/57) belonging to ST-1. Furthermore, 14 AMR-associated genes and 76 virulence-associated genes were identified, with little genetic diversity between isolates belonging to the same ST. Several genes including merR1 which is thought to play a role in ciprofloxacin-resistance were found to be significantly overrepresented in isolates sampled from herds using ampicillin/cloxacillin dry cow therapy. Overall, the presence of resistance genes remains low and current antimicrobial usage patterns do not appear to be driving AMR in S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis.

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Characterization of biofilms and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species involved with subclinical mastitis

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029921000285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Márcia Silva Francisco ◽

Ciro César Rossi ◽

Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos Paiva Brito ◽

Marinella Silva Laport ◽

Elaine Menezes Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Central Feature ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Dairy Animals

Abstract Biofilm formation is a central feature to guarantee staphylococcal persistence in hosts and is associated with several diseases that are difficult to treat. In this research paper, biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility were investigated in staphylococcal strains belonging to several species. These strains were isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis and most of them were coagulase-negative, with the prevalence of Staphylococcus chromogenes. High genetic diversity was observed among the strains by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed by disk diffusion and more than 50% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G, with multi-resistance profiles (13.6%) also being observed. Most strains (65.9%) formed biofilms when cultivated in BHI supplemented with 1% glucose. Most strains (72.7%) carried the intercellular adhesion gene (icaA), while less than half (36.3%) carried the biofilm-associated protein gene (bap). Concentrations of up to 10xMIC of erythromycin and tetracycline were not sufficient to suppress cell viability in preformed biofilms. Our results revealed that a genetically diverse group of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus species can be involved in subclinical mastitis. Since high antimicrobial concentrations cannot eradicate biofilm cells in vitro, their use in dairy animals may be ineffective in controlling infections, while supporting selection of resistant microorganisms. These data reinforce the need for alternative therapies aiming at disrupting biofilms for effective disease control.

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Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from subclinical mastitis in Ettawa Crossbred goat (PE) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Widodo Suwito ◽

WIDAGDO SRI NUGROHO ◽

AGNESIA ENDANG TRI HASTUTI WAHYUNI ◽

BAMBANG SUMIARTO

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Resistance Patterns

Abstract. Suwito W, Nugroho WS, Wahyuni AETH, Sumiarto B. 2021. Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from subclinical mastitis in Ettawa Crossbred goat (PE) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3418-3422. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Ettawa Crossbred Goat (PE) is most frequently caused by staphylococci with a significant reduction in milk yield. The aim of this study is to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from PE goat SCM. A total of 36 CoNS isolates originating from PE goat SCM were collected in semisolid tube use in this study. All CoNS isolates were further examined for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility of CoNS isolated samples according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The CoNS isolates showed the highest resistance rate against sulfamethoxazole (65%), ampicillin (55.56%), penicillin (45%), cefoxitin (33.33%), erythromycin (25%), oxytetracycline (20%), tetracycline (15%), gentamicin and neomycin (11.11%), while oxacillin was sensitive. The highest of multiple antimicrobials resistance observed 15% in ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline, then 5-10% in ampicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline. The majority of CoNS in this study were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and then, followed by ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, gentamicin and neomycin. In addition, most isolates were penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR).

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Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Alborz province, Iran

10.15547/bjvm.902 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Pourtaghi ◽

A. Ghasem Azizi ◽

H. Sodagari

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Resistance Patterns

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2477. Antimicrobial Resistance patterns of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Colombian clinical isolates. 2017–2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S858-S858

Author(s):

Monica Maria Rojas Rojas ◽

Catalina López ◽

Jaime Ruiz ◽

Jacquleine Pavía ◽

Jose Oñate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Guidelines Development ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background The Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) is a worldwide initiative to monitor in vitro susceptibility of clinical Gram-negative isolates to several antimicrobial agents. Surveillance initiatives are essential to provide real-world evidence to support local guidelines development. Colombia has participated since 2012 with isolates from complicated intrabdominal infections (cIAI), complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) and respiratory tract infections (RTI). This study describes resistant patterns of Escherichia coli (Eco), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pae) clinical isolates collected in Colombian hospitals in a 2 years period (2017–2018). Methods Isolates from patients with cIAI, cUTI and RTI were collected. Identification confirmation was done in central laboratory. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were performed by broth microdilution and interpreted according to 2018 CLSI guidelines, same criteria for Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) classification. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated for aztreonam (ATM), ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), ceftazidime (CAZ), colistin (COL), ertapenem (ETP), cefepime (FEP), imipenem (IMP), meropenem (MEM) and piperacillin–tazobactam (TZP). Results During 2017–2018, 1492 isolates were collected. The main organism was Eco (51%) followed by Kpn (29%) and Pae (20%). In vitro susceptibility activity is presented in Table 1. COL, C/T, ETP, MEM and IPM exhibited over 95% susceptibility in Eco. ESBL prevalence was 18% for Eco (53/314) and 22% for Kpn (36/165). COL and C/T were the most active agents against Pae isolates. For Kpn, MIC50/90 values were: MEM (0.12 / 8), C/T (0.5 / 8) and for TZP (8 / > 64), meanwhile for Pae were MEM (0.5 / 32), C/T (0.5 / 32) and for TZP (8 / > 64). Conclusion Continued antimicrobial resistance surveillance initiatives are critical to guide the empiric treatments decision in a multidrug resistance era. This study shows that Ceftolozane/Tazobactam, MEM and COL have the best susceptibility profile against Eco, Kpn and Pae of cIAI, cUTI and RTI cases in Colombia. The C/T susceptibility rates and low MIC distribution provide evidence to support its use as a non-carbapenem therapeutic alternative for Gram-negative infections. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Antibiotic Resistance inStaphylococcus aureusand Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Goats with Subclinical Mastitis

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.4061/2010/517060 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Salvatore Virdis ◽

Christian Scarano ◽

Francesca Cossu ◽

Vincenzo Spanu ◽

Carlo Spanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Gene Coding ◽

Resistance Patterns

Antimicrobial resistance patterns and gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) were determined in 25S. aureusand 75 Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) strains isolates from half-udder milk samples collected from goats with subclinical mastitis. Fourteen (56.0%)S. aureusand thirty-one (41.3%) CNS isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents.S. aureusshowed the highest resistance rate against kanamycin (28.0%), oxytetracycline (16.0%), and ampicillin (12.0%). The CNS tested were more frequently resistant to ampicillin (36.0%) and kanamycin (6.7%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance was observed in eight isolates, and oneStaphylococcus epidermidiswas found to be resistant to six antibiotics. ThemecAgene was not found in any of the tested isolates. Single resistance againstβ-lactamics or aminoglicosides is the most common trait observed while multiresistance is less frequent.

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Antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-019-2175-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lufuno Phophi ◽

Inge-Marie Petzer ◽

Daniel Nenene Qekwana

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure, and financial losses have been reported in dairy cows with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) clinical mastitis, however, studies on CoNS infections are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation in CoNS isolated from cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory. Results A total of 142 confirmed CoNS isolates were used for this study. Biofilm formation was identified in 18% of CoNS tested. Staphylococcus chromogenes (11%) had the highest proportion of biofilm formation followed by S. haemolyticus (4.0%), S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. xylosus, and S. simulans with 1% respectively. Ninety percent (90%) of CoNS were resistant to at least one antimicrobial (AMR) and 51% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance among CoNS was the highest to ampicillin (90%) and penicillin (89%), few isolates resistant to cefoxitin and vancomycin, 9% respectively. Similarly, MDR-S. haemolyticus (44%), MDR-S. epidermidis (65%), and MDR-S. chromogenes (52%) were mainly resistant to penicillins. The most common resistance patterns observed were resistance to penicillin-ampicillin (16%) and penicillin-ampicillin-erythromycin (10%). Only 42% of biofilm positive CoNS were MDR. Conclusion The majority of CoNS in this study were resistance to penicillins. In addition, most isolates were β-lactam resistant and MDR. Biofilm formation among the CoNS in this study was uncommon and there was no significant difference in the proportion of MDR-CoNS based on the ability to form a biofilm.

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