scholarly journals Physical and psychiatric comorbidity among patients with severe mental illness as seen in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stephen Mpango ◽  
Wilber Ssembajjwe ◽  
Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽  
Carol Birungi ◽  
Allan Kalungi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractThis study established the prevalence of physical and psychiatric comorbidity and associated risk factors among 1,201 out-patients with severe mental illness (SMI) attending Butabika and Masaka hospitals in Uganda. Participants completed an assessment battery; structured, standardized and locally translated instruments. SMIs were established using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 7.2. We used logistic regression to determine the association between physical and psychiatric comorbidity and risk factors. Prevalence of physical and psychiatric comorbidity was 13.1 %. Childhood sexual abuse (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 -1.10, P=0.001), sexual abuse in adulthood (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.60 - 3.08, P<0.001), childhood physical abuse (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.10, P<0.001) and physical abuse in adulthood (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.30 - 2.20, P<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of having comorbid psychiatric and physical disorders. Emerging healthcare models in Uganda should optimise care for people with physical and psychiatric comorbidity.

scholarly journals VAIKŲ PATIRTOS PRIEVARTOS IR JŲ TRAUMAVIMO LAIPSNIO RYŠYS

Psichologija ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Vilmantė Pakalniškienė ◽  
Rasa Bieliauskaitė ◽  
Sandra Sebre
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
High Association ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Straipsnyje analizuojamI vaikų patirtos prievartos (fizinės, emocinės, seksualinės) situaciniai psichologiniai padariniai. Buvo tirta 300 įvairių Lietuvos vietovių vaikų (amžius 10-11 ir 13-14 metų). Lietuvoje mažiau nei pusė vaikų (43 proc.) patiria prievartą, dažniausiai emocinę. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad vaikų patiriama prievarta turi ryšį su trauminiais požymiais - šie vaikai jų turi daugiau negu prievartos nepatyrę. Patyrusių prievartą vaikų savęs vertinimas yra menkesnis. Gauti tyrimo duomenys buvo palyginti su analogiško tyrimo Latvijoje duomenimis. Fizinės prievartos atvejų skaičius panašus abiejose šalyse, lietuvių vaikai patiria daugiau emocinės prievartos, o latvių - seksualinės. Lietuvių vaikai, patyrę prievartą, dažniau turi disociacinių požymių. Prievartą patyrusių ir jos nepatyrusių lietuvių vaikų savęs vertinimas blogesnis negu latvių. THE RELATION BETWEEN CHILDREN ABUSE AND THE LEVEL OF INCURRED TRAUMASVilmantė Pakalniškienė, Rasa Bieliauskaitė, Sandra Sebre SummaryThis study was designed to look at levels of incidence of child emotional, physical and sexual abuse, associated risk factors and trauma symptoms in a crosscultural comparison between two Baltic countries. Six hundred six children ages 10?14 from Latvia (306), Lithuania (300) participated in the study. They were assessed by questionnaires concerning experience of emotional, physical or sexual abuse. The children also responded to questionnaire items concerning parental risk-factors and trauma symptoms: depression, anxiety, anger, PTSD, dissociation, sexual concerns and psychosomatic complaints. Levels of reported incidence of emotional, physical and sexual abuse differed by country, as did levels of reported trauma symptoms. Incidence of emotional and physical abuse differed by region, with higher levels of abuse reported in the rural regions. In both countries generally similar levels of high association between emotional/physical abuse and trauma symptoms were found. Children who had experienced abuse possess more traumatic symptoms rather than those who had not experience the abuse; self ? assessment of children who experience abuse is lower; there are substantial differences between data from Lithuania and form Latvia ? children in Lithuania much more often dream and fantasize and tend to dissociate themselves from unpleasant experience.

Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE D. GOODWIN ◽  
MURRAY B. STEIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical Disorders

Background. The goal of this investigation was to determine the association between self-reported childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States.Method. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (N=S877). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and childhood neglect and the likelihood of specific physical disorders among adults.Results. Childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect were associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of a wide range of physical illnesses during adulthood. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifetime anxiety and depressive disorders, alcohol and substance dependence, and all types of trauma: results showed that childhood physical abuse was associated with increased risk of lung disease (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)), peptic ulcer (OR=1·5 (1·03, 2·2)) and arthritic disorders (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)); childhood sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of cardiac disease (OR=3·7 (1·5, 9·4)); and childhood neglect was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR=2·2 (1·1, 4·4)) and autoimmune disorders (OR=4·4 (1·7, 11·6)).Conclusions. Consistent with previous work, these results suggest that self-reported childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of a range of physical illnesses during adulthood. Future research that includes replication of these findings using prospectively assessed physical and mental disorders with objectively measured biological data using a longitudinal design, including other known risk factors for these diseases and more detailed information on specific forms of abuse, is needed to understand the potential mechanisms of these links.

Atopic Dermatitis, Depression, and Suicidality

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew N. Nicholas ◽  
Melinda J. Gooderham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Simple Screening ◽  
Risk For Depression

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease associated with an underappreciated increased risk of depression and suicidality. Current literature investigates associated risk factors, including severity of disease, age, sex, and atopic comorbidities, which may help identify patients with AD at high risk for depression or suicidality. Increasing severity of AD and female sex are associated with an increased risk for both depression and suicidality, while increasing age is associated with an increased risk for depression only. Further research is required to validate the studies supporting these reported associations with a particular emphasis on suicidality and AD due to lack of information. The use of these risk factors may assist in the creation of simple screening tools to screen for psychiatric comorbidity in patients with AD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in an African–Caribbean population with severe mental illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 112558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura de Caluwé ◽  
Nora van Buitenen ◽  
Petra J. Gelan ◽  
Cleo L. Crunelle ◽  
Roeland Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Childhood sexual abuse in patients with severe mental Illness: Demographic, clinical and functional correlates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomi Werbeloff ◽  
Johan Hilge Thygesen ◽  
Joseph F. Hayes ◽  
Essi M. Viding ◽  
Sonia Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Severe Mental Illness

Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative emergency response team activation: a matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Matthew I Hardman ◽  
◽  
S Chandralekha Kruthiventi ◽  
Michelle R Schmugge ◽  
Alexandre N Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and perioperative characteristics associated with unexpected postoperative clinical deterioration as determined for the need of a postoperative emergency response team (ERT) activation. DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent general anaesthesia discharged to regular wards between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 and required ERT activation within 48 postoperative hours. Controls were matched based on age, sex and procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline patient and perioperative characteristics were abstracted to develop a multiple logistic regression model to assess for potential associations for increased risk for postoperative ERT. RESULTS: Among 105 345 patients, 797 had ERT calls, with a rate of 7.6 (95% CI, 7.1–8.1) calls per 1000 anaesthetics (0.76%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for postoperative ERT: cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.18), neurological disease (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22), preoperative gabapentin (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.20), longer surgical duration (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11, per 30 min), emergency procedure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.18), and intraoperative use of colloids (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.92). Compared with control participants, ERT patients had a longer hospital stay, a higher rate of admissions to critical care (55.5%), increased postoperative complications, and a higher 30-day mortality rate (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.73–6.54). CONCLUSION: We identified several patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased likelihood of postoperative ERT activation. ERT intervention is a marker for increased rates of postoperative complications and death.

scholarly journals Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood: findings from a 35-year longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Bell ◽  
James A. Foulds ◽  
L. John Horwood ◽  
Roger T. Mulder ◽  
Joseph M. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe extent to which exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse increases the risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood is currently unclear.AimsTo examine the relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood taking into account potential confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors.MethodData were from a cohort of 1265 participants studied from birth to 35 years. At ages 18 and 21, cohort members were questioned about childhood sexual and physical abuse. At ages 30 and 35, they were questioned about psychotic experiences (symptoms of abnormal thought and perception). Generalised estimating equation models investigated covariation of the association between abuse exposure and psychotic experiences including potential confounding factors in childhood (socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse family functioning) and time-dynamic covariate factors (mental health, substance use and life stress).ResultsData were available for 962 participants; 6.3% had been exposed to severe sexual abuse and 6.4% to severe physical abuse in childhood. After adjustment for confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors, those exposed to severe sexual abuse had rates of abnormal thought and abnormal perception symptoms that were 2.25 and 4.08 times higher, respectively than the ‘no exposure’ group. There were no significant associations between exposure to severe physical abuse and psychotic experiences.ConclusionsFindings indicate that exposure to severe childhood sexual (but not physical) abuse is independently associated with an increased risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood (particularly symptoms of abnormal perception) and this association could not be fully accounted for by confounding or time-dynamic covariate factors.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Identification and Prevention of Antiepileptic Drug Noncompliance: The Collaborative Use of State-Supplied Pharmaceutical Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Hodges ◽  
Janet Treadwell ◽  
Amy D. Malphrus ◽  
Xuan G. Tran ◽  
Angelo P. Giardino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Secondary Diagnosis ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epileptic Patients

Background. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) noncompliance is associated with increased risk of seizures and morbidity in seizure disorder patients. Objective. To identify risk factors that correlated to higher levels of morbidity, measured by emergency room (ER) utilization by seizure disorder members taking AED. Methods. Patients with primary or secondary diagnosis of seizures, convulsions, and/or epilepsy and prescribed AEDs during an 11-month period were included in the study. Variables were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis including logistic regression. Results. The study identified 201 members. No statistical significance (NS) between age, gender, number of tablets, type of drug, or other risk factors was associated with increased mortality. Statistical significance resulted with medication compliance review of 0–14 days, 15–60 days, and 61+ days between refills. 68% of patients with ER visit had noncompliance refill between 0 and 14 days compared to 52% of patients in non-ER group (P=0.04). Contrastingly, 15% of ER group had refills within 15–60 days compared with 33% of non-ER group (P=0.01). There was NS difference between two groups when noncompliance was greater than 60 days (P=0.66). Conclusions. The study suggests that careful monitoring of pharmaceutical refill information could be used to identify AED noncompliance in epileptic patients.

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