Mitochondrial event localiser (MEL) to quantitativelydescribe fission, fusion and depolarisation in the three-dimensional space

Mitochondrial fission and fusion play an important role not only in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis but also in preserving overall cellular viability. However, quantitative analysis based on the three-dimensional localisation of these highly dynamic mitochondrial events in the cellular context has not yet been accomplished. Moreover, it remains largely uncertain where in the mitochondrial network depolarisation is most likely to occur. We present the mitochondrial event localiser (MEL), a method that allows high-throughput, automated and deterministic localisation and quantification of mitochondrial fission, fusion and depolarisation events in large three-dimensional microscopy time-lapse sequences. In addition, MEL calculates the number of mitochondrial structures as well as their combined and average volume for each image frame in the time-lapse sequence. The mitochondrial event locations can subsequently be visualised by superposition over the fluorescence micrograph z-stack. We apply MEL to both control samples as well as to cells before and after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). An average of 9.3/7.2/2.3 fusion/fission/depolarisation events per cell were observed respectively for every 10 sec in the control cells. With peroxide treatment, the rate initially shifted toward fusion with and average of 15/6/3 events per cell, before returning to a new equilibrium not far from that of the control cells, with an average of 6.2/6.4/3.4 events per cell. These MEL results indicate that both pre-treatment and control cells maintain a fission/fusion equilibrium, and that depolarisation is higher in the post-treatment cells. When individually validating mitochondrial events detected with MEL, for a representative cell for the control and treated samples, the true-positive events were 47%/49%/14% respectively for fusion/fission/depolarisation events. We conclude that MEL is a viable method of quantitative mitochondrial event analysis.

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Mitochondrial event localiser (MEL) to quantitatively describe fission, fusion and depolarisation in the three-dimensional space

10.1101/2020.02.12.945451 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rensu P Theart ◽

Jurgen Kriel ◽

Ben Loos ◽

Thomas R Niesler

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Space ◽

Mitochondrial Fission ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Cell Periphery ◽

Mitochondrial Network ◽

Average Volume ◽

Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽

Cellular Context ◽

Three Dimensional Space

AbstractMitochondrial fission and fusion play an important role not only in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis but also in preserving overall cellular viability. However, quantitative analysis based on the three-dimensional localisation of these highly dynamic mitochondrial events in the cellular context has not yet been accomplished. Moreover, it remains largely uncertain where in the mitochondrial network depolarisation is most likely to occur. We present the mitochondrial event localiser (MEL), a method that allows high-throughput, automated and deterministic localisation and quantification of mitochondrial fission, fusion and depolarisation events in large three-dimensional microscopy time-lapse sequences. In addition, MEL calculates the number of mitochondrial structures as well as their combined and average volume for each image frame in the time-lapse sequence. The mitochondrial event locations can subsequently be visualised by superposition onto the fluorescence micrograph z-stack. We apply MEL to both control samples as well as cells that have been treated with hydroxychloroquine sulphate (HCQ) and observe that fission and fusion events mostly occur around the terminal branches of the mitochondrial network, with few events detected in the strongly networked areas such as the perinuclear region. Depolarisation was most abundant in the HCQ treated samples, with the majority of the depolarisation events occurring in the cell periphery.

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Constriction and Dnm1p Recruitment Are Distinct Processes in Mitochondrial Fission

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e02-10-0657 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1953-1963 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

Aster Legesse-Miller ◽

Ramiro H. Massol ◽

Tom Kirchhausen

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Fluorescence Imaging ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Mitochondrial Membrane ◽

Mitochondrial Fission ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽

Mitochondrial Matrix ◽

Different Shapes

Mitochondria undergo cycles of fusion and fission crucial for organelle homeostasis. Fission is regulated partially by recruitment of the large GTPase Dnm1p to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Using three-dimensional time-lapse fluorescence imaging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, we found that Dnm1p-EGFP appears and disappears at “hot spots” along mitochondrial tubes. It forms patches that convert rapidly into different shapes regardless of whether mitochondrial fission ensues or not. Moreover, the thickness of the mitochondrial matrix displays frequent temporal fluctuations apparently unrelated to fission or to recruitment of Dnm1p-EGFP. These results suggest that mitochondrial fission requires coordination of at least two distinct processes.

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TINJAUAN VISUAL PADA PERMAINAN DIGITAL INDONESIA BERJUDUL “DREADOUT”

National Conference of Creative Industry ◽

10.30813/ncci.v0i0.1317 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nadya Nadya ◽

Hadi Saputra

Keyword(s):

User Interface ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Game Development ◽

Visual Research ◽

Digital Era ◽

3D Game ◽

Local Companies ◽

And Control ◽

Three Dimensional Space

Game development is growing rapidly in this digital era. The graphic is also increasing more and more, especially in Three Dimensional space (3D). 3D game development is spreading around Indonesia. Now there are more local companies which making 3D games. Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia that have good enough game revenue to be the biggest one. One of the popular genre in Indonesia is survival horror. That’s because horror Indonesian stories is still have many unsolved mysterious things which can attract either domestic or foreign society. This study is including research about visualization such as 3D object from the environments and character designs. Furthermore, game also getting influenced with its system which is played by user, and its storytelling as well. The game’s layout (user interface) will categorized as a good one if it match with its theme and being consistent in visual and control. Good game must paying attention with all of those points. The conclusion of this research is to prove if 3D survival horror game visualization in Indonesia can be rated good enough in creative game industries. Keywords:Game, Survival Horror, Visual Research

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Influence of Training on Maintenance of Equilibrium on a Tilting Platform

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.127 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Chiarella Sforza ◽

Gian Piero Grassi ◽

Michela Turci ◽

Nicola Fragnito ◽

Giuliano Pizzini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Specific Training ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

To assess the influence of training on the maintenance of equilibrium on a tilting platform, 13 young healthy male athletes aged 19 to 33 years were randomly divided into experimental ( n = 7) and control ( n = 6) groups. Two experimental sessions were performed before and after a specific 4-wk. training by the experimental group. Subjects stood upright on a tilting platform. The athletes were asked to maintain the platform as horizontal as possible during a 30-sec. test. The three-dimensional movements of the platform versus the ground were recorded by using a computerized optoelectronic digitiser. The platform plane was calculated and its directrix computed. The area of oscillation and instantaneous angular velocity of the directrix at standardized height were calculated. In both groups the area of oscillation and the angular velocity were reduced in Session 2, but the reduction was significant only in the experimental group. Specific training can significantly improve skill at maintaining equilibrium in young healthy sport performers.

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Research on Mass Partition Coefficient for a Whole Car under Vertical and Lateral Road Excitations

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.177 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29-32 ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Long Wu

Keyword(s):

Partition Coefficient ◽

Physical Model ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Force Analysis ◽

Analytical Results ◽

Dynamical Coupling ◽

And Control ◽

Three Dimensional Space

Consider the imperfectness of mass partition coefficient for a whole car in automotive theories, a vehicle physical model with fourteen degree of freedoms under vertical and lateral road excitations is adopted as research background in this paper. With the help of force analysis of sprung mass in three dimensional space and investigations on vertical, lateral, pitch, roll and yaw motions, the ration relations of dynamical coupling between a whole suspension and four quarter suspensions are deduced and achieved. The analytical results obtained in this paper develop the theoretical content of mass partition coefficient. It will be utilized to analyze, test and control among different car suspensions in the fields of vibration, handling and steering systems in future.

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Ground-penetrating radar surveys for the detection of preferential flow into soils

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4177 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simone Di Prima ◽

Thierry Winiarski ◽

Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo ◽

Ryan D. Stewart ◽

Mirko Castellini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Preferential Flow ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Single Ring ◽

Before And After ◽

Infiltration Tests ◽

Ground Penetrating ◽

Preferential Flows

Preferential flow is more the rule than the exception, in particular during water infiltration experiments. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of GPR monitoring to detect preferential flows during water infiltration. We monitored time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in the vicinity of single-ring infiltration experiments and created a three-dimensional (3D) representation of infiltrated water below the devices. For that purpose, radargrams were constructed from GPR transects conducted over two grids (1 m &#215; 1 m) before and after the infiltration tests. The obtained signal was represented in 3D and a threshold was chosen to part the domain into wetted and non-wetted zones, allowing the determination of the infiltration bulb. That methodology was used to detect the infiltration below the devices and clearly pointed at nonuniform flows in correspondence with the heterogeneous soil structures. The protocol presented in this study represents a practical and valuable tool for detecting preferential flows at the scale of a single ring infiltration experiment.

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Thermal and Mass Modeling of the Laser-Point Sealing Process in MEMS Packaging

Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/ht-fed2004-56116 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Marios Alaeddine ◽

Jin Zou ◽

Rajesh Ranganathan ◽

Charalabos C. Doumanidis ◽

Teiichi Ando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intermetallic Compound ◽

Rapid Heating ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Thermal Reaction ◽

Laser Source ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽

Mems Packaging ◽

And Control

This article addresses the reactive thermal processing of locally heated intermetallic seals for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) packaging. Traditional post-packaging of MEMS involves high temperature brazing or soldering which results in degrading the quality of the thermally sensitive device. Focused laser heating of multilayer metals, therefore, serves as an attractive alternative due to a decrease in heat affected/degraded area. In this work a model is presented to decipher the dynamics of the thermal reaction and to serve as a tool for optimization and control of the multilayer sealing process. The analytical model is based on three-dimensional space- and time-dependent temperature and concentration Green’s fields and is solved numerically. The laser heat distribution is represented as a spatially varying Gaussian heat source to simulate the temperature and concentration evolution that occurs during the thermal process. The rapid heating induced by the laser source results in melting the sealing layer of lowest melting temperature, and then dissolves the layer in contact with the molten region to facilitate the nucleation and growth of an intermetallic compound. The simulation results show the model can successfully predict the temperature of the layers as well as the amount of barrier layer dissolution, which consequently determines the extent of the intermetallic compound growth in the bonding/sealing process.

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Implementing Speech Recognition in Virtual Reality

Volume 1: 22nd Computers and Information in Engineering Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2002/cie-34390 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Denis V. Dorozhkin ◽

Judy M. Vance

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Speech Recognition ◽

Virtual Environment ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Design Tool ◽

Product Development Process ◽

Engineering Product ◽

Digital Representations ◽

And Control

Virtual Reality (VR) is becoming an important tool in the engineering product development process. The virtual environment provides the user with the ability to interact with three-dimensional digital representations of products using natural head and hand motions. While interacting with digital objects in VR seems natural, the use of traditional two-dimensional menu systems does not always provide a convenient interface to controlling task specifications in the three-dimensional space. New human-computer-interfaces are needed for this emerging VR design tool. This paper will present the details of implementing a speaker-independent, command and control, speech recognition menuing system for a virtual reality application. The menuing system will be described as it is incorporated into a virtual environment for the design of spatial mechanisms. Design and technical issues involved in the interface creation process are discussed and the resulting interaction system is described.

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A New Perspective on Low-Cost MEMS-Based AHRS Determination

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1383

Author(s):

Neda Navidi ◽

Rene Landry

Keyword(s):

Reference System ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Navigation Systems ◽

Adaptive Kalman Filter ◽

Initial Attitude ◽

New Perspective ◽

And Control ◽

Three Dimensional Space

Attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) is the term used to describe a rigid body’s angular orientation in three-dimensional space. This paper describes an AHRS determination and control system developed for navigation systems by integrating gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers signals from low-cost MEMS-based sensors in a complementary adaptive Kalman filter. AHRS estimation based on the iterative Kalman filtering process is required to be initialized first. A new method for AHRS initialization is proposed to improve the accuracy of the initial attitude estimates. Attitude estimates derived from the initialization and iterative adaptive filtering processes are compared with the orientation obtained from a high-end reference system. The improvement in the accuracy of the initial orientation as significant as 45% is obtained from the proposed method as compared with other selected techniques. Additionally, the computational process is reduced by 96%.

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In Vivo Quantitative Vasculature Segmentation and Assessment for Photodynamic Therapy Process Monitoring Using Photoacoustic Microscopy

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1776

Author(s):

Thi Thao Mai ◽

Su Woong Yoo ◽

Suhyun Park ◽

Jin Young Kim ◽

Kang-Ho Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Vessel Diameter ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Photoacoustic Microscopy ◽

Label Free ◽

Before And After ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

And Control

Vascular damage is one of the therapeutic mechanisms of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In particular, short-term PDT treatments can effectively destroy malignant lesions while minimizing damage to nonmalignant tissue. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of label-free quantitative photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) for monitoring the vasculature changes under the effect of PDT in mouse ear melanoma tumors. In particular, quantitative vasculature evaluation was conducted based on Hessian filter segmentation. Three-dimensional morphological PAM and depth-resolved images before and after PDT treatment were acquired. In addition, five quantitative vasculature parameters, including the PA signal, vessel diameter, vessel density, perfused vessel density, and vessel complexity, were analyzed to evaluate the influence of PDT on four different areas: Two melanoma tumors, and control and normal vessel areas. The quantitative and qualitative results successfully demonstrated the potential of the proposed PAM-based quantitative approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the PDT method.

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