Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus among children with gastroenteritis in Bangladesh during 2014–2019

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major health problems in children aged <5 years around the world. Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important pathogen of acute gastroenteritis. The burden of rotavirus disease in the pediatric population is still high in Bangladesh. This study investigated the prevalence of group A, B, and C rotavirus (RAV, RBV, RCV), norovirus, adenovirus (AdV) and human bocavirus (HBoV) infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh from February 2014 to January 2019. A total of 574 fecal specimens collected from children with diarrhea in Bangladesh during the period of February 2014-January 2019 were examined for RAV, RBV and RCV by reverse transcriptase- multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RT- multiplex PCR). RAV was further characterized to G-typing and P-typing by RT-multiplex PCR and sequencing method. It was found that 24.4% (140 of 574) fecal specimens were positive for RVA followed by AdV of 4.5%. RBV and RCV could not be detected in this study. Genotype G1P[8] was the most prevalent (43%), followed by G2P[4] (18%), and G9P[8] (3%). Among other genotypes, G9P[4] was most frequent (12%), followed by G1P[6] (11%), G9P[6] (3%), and G11P[25] (3%). We found that 7% RVA were nontypeable. Mutations at antigenic regions of the VP7 gene were detected in G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains. Incidence of rotavirus infection had the highest peak (58.6%) during November to February with diarrhea (90.7%) as the most common symptom. Children aged 4–11 months had the highest rotavirus infection percentage (37.9%). By providing baseline data, this study helps to assess efficacy of currently available RVA vaccine. This study revealed a high RVA detection rate, supporting health authorities in planning strategies such as introduction of RVA vaccine in national immunization program to reduce the disease burden.

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The molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains causing gastroenteritis in infant in the region of Mid Iraq

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences ◽

10.29079/vol12iss1art240 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

W. S. Abood

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Child Death ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Latex Agglutination ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

National Immunization ◽

Group A Rotaviruses ◽

Group A ◽

Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽

Genetic Assessment

Rotavirus diarrhea is a leading cause of child death. It is a major concern in developing and developed countries. In Iraq, few studies and analysis were executed for genetic assessment of rotavirus.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of rotavirus caused gastroenteritis and identify the distribution of the circulating G and P types of rotavirus among infants admitted to the hospital or treated as outpatients in three governorates in the region of Mid-Iraq for symptoms of gastroenteritis.This study was undertaken during the period from June 2010 to April 2012 in infants under 1 year suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Group A rotaviruses were detected in stools by latex agglutination test and genotyped using semi nested multiplex reverse transcription PCRs with type-specific primers on the basis of their outer capsid proteins.Of the 348 stool specimens from infants with acute gastroenteritis, 42.45% were positive for rotavirus A. The predominant G type was G1 (48.57%), followed by G2 (22.14%), G9 (11.42%), G3 (2.14%), G4 (0.71%). Only P [8] (61.4%), P [4] (11.4%) and P [6] (5.7%) genotypes were found. Infants of 9 and 10 months of age were most frequently affected. The prevalence of rotavirus infection peaked in the Autumn season, when temperatures were low, and decreased in summer. Epidemiological knowledge of rotavirus is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. These data will help to make informed decisions as to whether rotavirus vaccine should be considered for inclusion in Iraqi National Immunization Program.

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High prevalence of circulating DS-1-like human rotavirus A and genotype diversity in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand from 2016 to 2019

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10954 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10954

Author(s):

Siripat Pasittungkul ◽

Fajar Budi Lestari ◽

Jiratchaya Puenpa ◽

Watchaporn Chuchaona ◽

Nawarat Posuwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Viral Gastroenteritis ◽

Seasonal Incidence ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Human Rotavirus ◽

Genotype Diversity ◽

Stool Samples

Background Human rotavirus A (RVA) infection is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and young children worldwide, especially in children under 5 years of age and is a major public health problem causing severe diarrhea in children in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, genotype diversity, and molecular characterization of rotavirus infection circulating in children under 15 years of age diagnosed with AGE in Thailand from January 2016 to December 2019. Methods A total of 2,001 stool samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis (neonates to children <15 years of age) and tested for RVA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Amplified products were sequenced and submitted to an online genotyping tool for analysis. Results Overall, 301 (15.0%) stool samples were positive for RVA. RVA occurred most frequently among children aged 0-24 months. The seasonal incidence of rotavirus infection occurred typically in Thailand during the winter months (December-March). The G3P[8] genotype was identified as the most prevalent genotype (33.2%, 100/301), followed by G8P[8] (10.6%, 32/301), G9P[8] (6.3%, 19/301), G2P[4] (6.0%, 18/301), and G1P[6] (5.3%, 16/301). Uncommon G and P combinations such as G9P[4], G2P[8], G3P[4] and G3P[9] were also detected at low frequencies. In terms of genetic backbone, the unusual DS-1-like G3P[8] was the most frequently detected (28.2%, 85/301), and the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated high nucleotide identity with unusual DS-1-like G3P[8] detected in Thailand and several countries. Conclusions A genetic association between RVA isolates from Thailand and other countries ought to be investigated given the local and global dissemination of rotavirus as it is crucial for controlling viral gastroenteritis, and implications for the national vaccination programs.

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Epidemiology of group A rotavirus infection after the introduction of monovalent vaccine in the National Immunization Program of Saudi Arabia

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.24664 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 429-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammed Saeed Zayed Al-Ayed ◽

Ahmed Morad Asaad ◽

Mohamed Ansar Qureshi ◽

Ali Abdullah Hawan

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

National Immunization Program ◽

Immunization Program ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Group A Rotavirus ◽

National Immunization ◽

Monovalent Vaccine ◽

Group A

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Detection and Genetic Characterization of Group A Rotavirus Strains Circulating among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Japan

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.02342-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 81 (9) ◽

pp. 4645-4653 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Tung Gia Phan ◽

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Trinh Duy Quang ◽

Shuvra Kanti Dey ◽

Sayaka Takanashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Amino Acid Substitutions ◽

Predominant Genotype ◽

Group A Rotavirus ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Wide Range ◽

Group A

ABSTRACT A total of 603 fecal specimens collected from July 2005 to June 2006 from children with acute gastroenteritis, encompassing five different localities in Japan, were screened for group A rotavirus by reverse transcription-PCR. It was found that 117 fecal specimens (19.4%) were positive for group A rotavirus. Rotavirus infection was detected continuously from November to June, with the highest prevalence in April. The G (VP7 genotypes) and P (VP4 genotypes) types were further investigated. The predominant genotype was G1P[8] (70.1%), followed by G3P[8] (17.9%), G9P[8] (6.8%), and G2P[4] (2.6%). A number of unusual G1P[4] combinations were also detected during this study period. A novel nomenclature for G1 is proposed, in which worldwide rotavirus G1 strains are classified into 11 lineages with 17 sublineages. A wide range of amino acid substitutions (up to 34) in VP7 that are specific for G1 lineages and sublineages were identified. Interestingly, only short amino acid motifs located at positions 29 to 75 and 211 to 213 of VP7 defined correctly the phylogenetic G1 lineages and sublineages. Examination of the deduced sequences of antigenic regions of VP7 also revealed multiple particular amino acid substitutions that correlated with the phylogenetic G1 lineages and sublineages. Of note, at least three distinct clusters of rotavirus G1 isolates were cocirculating in the Japanese pediatric population studied.

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694. Unexpected Diversity of Rotavirus Genotypes in Pediatric Population

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.886 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S399-S399

Author(s):

Dimitra Koukou ◽

Panagiota Chatzichristou ◽

Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi ◽

Theodota Liakopoulou ◽

Genovepha Chronopoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Sanger Sequencing ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Viral Gastroenteritis ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Predominant Genotype ◽

Pediatric Hospitals ◽

Emergency Units ◽

Group A

Abstract Background Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children. Although RV genotypes differ geographically and temporally, five are the predominant genotypes circulating worldwide. Aim of our study was to monitor possible changes in distribution of Rotavirus genotypes circulating in Greek pediatric population during the post vaccine era. Methods Demographic data and fecal samples were collected from children ≤15 years old with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis who visited emergency units of Pediatric Hospitals in Greece from September 2016 to August 2019. Samples were tested for RV Group A antigen with rapid immunochromatographic assay. Positive samples were further G and P typed employing RT-PCR, semi-nested multiplex PCR and Sanger sequencing of the VP7 and VP4 genes. Results A total of 660 children participated in the study with median age 31±29 months. Males outnumbered females (59%). Most of them lived in urban cities (85%). RV genotyping distribution was G4P[8] (41%), G1P[8] (22%), G2P[4] (14%), G9P[8] (8%), G9P[4] (5,5%), G12P[8] (2%) and G3P[8] (1,8%). Unusual and mixed genotypes were identified in 3,2% and 2,5% of the samples respectively. During 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, G4P[8] was the predominant genotype in 67% and 51% of the annual samples. However, in 2018-2019 the most common genotypes were G9P[8] and G9P[4] (33% in total) followed by G2P[4] (27%). Interestingly, the genotype G9P[4] was not detected at all in the first two years of the study. Conclusion This study indicates diversity of the predominant RV genotypes in Greek children during 2016-2019. The emergence of G9 as the most common genotype as well as the significant detection of uncommon ones highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of RV genotyping during the post vaccine period. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Detection and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Bocavirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis from Brazil

10.1101/404632 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L.S. Soares ◽

A. B. Lima ◽

K.C. Pantoja ◽

P.S. Lobo ◽

J.F. Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Human Bocavirus ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Enteric Infections ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Two Peaks

SUMMARYHuman Bocavirus (HBoV) is a recently discovered virus and was first detected in the nasopharyngeal aspirate samples and after in stool samples, suggesting that HBoV may be a causative agent for human enteric infections. Due to absence of treatment options, there is a need to understand the disease-causing mechanism of these viruses. The aim of this was to demonstrate the prevalence of HBoV from children less than 10 years with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil, during November 2011 to November 2012. Stool samples from hospitalized children ≤ 10 years who presented symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were analyzed for the presence of HBoV DNA by nested-PCR. HBoV- positivity was detected in 24.0% (54/225) of samples. Two peaks of HBoV detection were observed, during November 2011 and July to September 2012. Co-infections between HBoV and rotavirus A were identified in 50.0% (27/54) of specimens. Phylogenetic analysis identified the presence of HBoV-1 (94.8%), HBoV-2 (2.6%) and HBoV-3 (2.6%) species, with only minor variations among them. Further investigations are necessary to improve the knowledge on the role of HBoV in gastrointestinal infections.

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A novel RT-multiplex PCR for detection of Aichi virus, human parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus among infants and children with acute gastroenteritis

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.07.038 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 169 (1) ◽

pp. 193-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ngan Thi Kim Pham ◽

Quang Duy Trinh ◽

Wisoot Chan-It ◽

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Hideaki Shimizu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Aichi Virus ◽

Human Bocavirus ◽

Human Parechovirus

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Monitoring of Group A Rotavirus Strains Circulating in the Environment and Among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences ◽

10.37871/jbres1198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 104-113

Author(s):

Abderrahim Hatib ◽

Najwa Hassou ◽

Moulay Mustapha Ennaji

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Genetic Recombination ◽

Genetic Monitoring ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Seasonal Evolution ◽

Group A ◽

Children Under 5 ◽

Immunization Programmes

Rotavirus A is the causative agent of 90% of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5, which kills 1 to 3 million children per year. Their strong resistance in the environment, their inter-species transmission as well as their power of genetic recombination can give rise to new reasserting that may be harmful to public health. The simultaneous search for the presence of rotavirus A in different environmental and clinical biotopes and matrices as well as the monitoring of the seasonal evolution of episodes is of major importance. At cost, genetic monitoring of rotaviruses shows a correlation between the presence of different genotypes of RVA in the environment and the rate of morbidity, Hence the need to monitor the emergence of new circulating strains with a view to integrating them into routine immunization programmes appropriate for each region in order to limit the spread of the disease.

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