scholarly journals High prevalence of circulating DS-1-like human rotavirus A and genotype diversity in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand from 2016 to 2019

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10954
Author(s):  
Siripat Pasittungkul ◽  
Fajar Budi Lestari ◽  
Jiratchaya Puenpa ◽  
Watchaporn Chuchaona ◽  
Nawarat Posuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Genotype Diversity ◽  
Stool Samples

Background Human rotavirus A (RVA) infection is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and young children worldwide, especially in children under 5 years of age and is a major public health problem causing severe diarrhea in children in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, genotype diversity, and molecular characterization of rotavirus infection circulating in children under 15 years of age diagnosed with AGE in Thailand from January 2016 to December 2019. Methods A total of 2,001 stool samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis (neonates to children <15 years of age) and tested for RVA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Amplified products were sequenced and submitted to an online genotyping tool for analysis. Results Overall, 301 (15.0%) stool samples were positive for RVA. RVA occurred most frequently among children aged 0-24 months. The seasonal incidence of rotavirus infection occurred typically in Thailand during the winter months (December-March). The G3P[8] genotype was identified as the most prevalent genotype (33.2%, 100/301), followed by G8P[8] (10.6%, 32/301), G9P[8] (6.3%, 19/301), G2P[4] (6.0%, 18/301), and G1P[6] (5.3%, 16/301). Uncommon G and P combinations such as G9P[4], G2P[8], G3P[4] and G3P[9] were also detected at low frequencies. In terms of genetic backbone, the unusual DS-1-like G3P[8] was the most frequently detected (28.2%, 85/301), and the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated high nucleotide identity with unusual DS-1-like G3P[8] detected in Thailand and several countries. Conclusions A genetic association between RVA isolates from Thailand and other countries ought to be investigated given the local and global dissemination of rotavirus as it is crucial for controlling viral gastroenteritis, and implications for the national vaccination programs.

Investigation of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis by Multiplex PCR Method in Central Part of Turkey

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Yılmaz ◽  
Havva Kaya ◽  
Mehmet Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Norovirus Gii

Abstract Objective Gastroenteritis is a disease that affects all age groups, especially children, and causes high mortality and morbidity in all countries. The most common agents of acute gastroenteritis are viral agents. As a result, millions of diarrhea attacks and hospital admissions occur worldwide every year due to viral gastroenteritis. This study uses the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to investigate the viruses that are the causative agents of viral gastroenteritis in the pediatric patient group in Konya, Turkey. Methods Stool samples of 94 patients aged 0 to 18 years sent from Emergency clinics and Pediatric outpatient clinics, Meram Medical Faculty Hospital Pediatric clinics, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University to Medical Microbiology Laboratory with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis between February and December 2018 were included in the study. Stool samples were stored at –80°C until the time of the analysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid isolation from stool samples was performed with EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v2.0 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) using an automatic extraction system (BioRobot EZ1 system, Qiagen). The presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus (GI, GII), and sapovirus agents was investigated by the multiplex PCR method (Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg) viral gastroenteritis kit. Results Viral gastroenteritis agents were detected in 56.3% of the patients. One viral agent was detected in 47 (50%) of these patients and at least two viral agents in 6 (6.3%) of them. Norovirus GII was detected in 20 (21.2%) of the children included in the study, adenovirus in 13 (13.8%), rotavirus in 11 (12.8%), astrovirus in 11 (11.7%), sapovirus in 4 (4.2%), and norovirus GI in 1 (1.06%). When the distribution of viral agents was examined by months, the most number of agents were observed (21; 35%) in May, followed by April and June (12; 20%). Considering the distribution of the prevalence of the agents by age, it was seen to be mainly between 0 and 12 months (42%). Conclusion Considering that the most common viral agent in our region is norovirus GII, it will be useful to investigate the norovirus that is not routinely examined in children who are admitted to clinics with the complaint of gastroenteritis. It will be appropriate to examine routinely adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus in the laboratory, especially in children with diarrhea and vomiting in the winter and spring months.

scholarly journals Introduction and prolonged circulation of G12 rotaviruses in Sicily

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1943-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. GIAMMANCO ◽  
F. BONURA ◽  
F. DI BERNARDO ◽  
A. CASCIO ◽  
G. FERRERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Stool Samples

SUMMARYGenotype G12 strains are now considered to be the sixth most prevalent human rotaviruses worldwide. In two Sicilian cities, Palermo and Messina, surveillance of rotavirus circulation performed since 1985 and 2009, respectively, did not detect G12 strains until 2012. From 2012 to 2014 rotavirus infection was detected in 29·7% of 1647 stool samples collected from children admitted for acute gastroenteritis to three Sicilian hospitals in Palermo, Messina and Ragusa. In 2012, G12P[8] was first detected in Palermo and then in Messina where it represented the second most frequent genotype (20% prevalence) after G1P[8]. Thereafter, G12 strains continued to circulate in Sicily, showing a marked prevalence in Ragusa (27·8%) in 2013 and in Palermo (21%) and Messina (16·6%) in 2014. All but one of the Sicilian G12 strains carried a P[8] VP4 genotype, whereas the single non-P[8] rotavirus strain was genotyped as G12P[9]. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 and VP4 sequences allowed distinction of several genetic lineages and separation of the G12P[8] strains into three cluster combinations. These findings indicate independent introductions of G12 rotavirus strains in Sicily in recent years.

scholarly journals Parasite prevalence in a village in Burkina Faso: the contribution of new techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Fortunato ◽  
Barbara Castagna ◽  
Maria Rita Monteleone ◽  
Raffaela Pierro ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Stool Samples

Introduction: Parasites are a major public health problem in developing countries. A coproparasitological and immunoparasitological study was conducted in Burkina Faso, in the rural village of Touguri, in November and December 2011. The coproparasitologic analysis was conducted in the pediatric population and seroprevalence surveys were conducted in the adult population to research intestinal, blood, and helminth parasites. Methodology: The coproparasitologic study was performed on stool samples using two diagnostic methods – standard microscopy and the FLOTAC technique. The total of 49 stool samples analyzed were obtained from children between two months and eleven years of age. The serology study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of P. falciparum, Echinococcus spp., Tenia solium, and A. lumbricoides using different immunological techniques such as ELISA and Western Blot techniques. The study population included 85 adult patients between 15 and 70 years of age. Results: Results of coproparasitological analyses showed Hymenolepis nana as the only helminth found, in 28.6% of the total number of patients. Results of serological evaluation revealed a practically null prevalence of Echinococcus, Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides, and a 77.64% prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: Despite the small number (especially in terms of coprological samples) of individuals examined, this study showed that the parasite prevalence in a rural area of Burkina Faso has a significant impact in the general population, particularly in children. Another finding was that FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity than the widely used ethyl ether-based concentration technique for coprological sample analysis.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY ON ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN HUMAN AND BIRDS IN ASSOCIATION WITH GASTROENTERITIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.M. Alam ◽  
M.U. Ahmed ◽  
A.B.M. Saifuzzaman ◽  
N. Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Molecular Epidemiologic Study

A total of 315 stool samples were screened from hospitalized diarrheic human patient and 251 from diarrheic birds from July 2006 to May 2007 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining (PAGE-SS) technique. Human rotavirus (HRV) and avian rotavirus were detected in 35.28% stool specimens and 13.15% bird's faecal specimens respectively. The occurrence of rotavirus infection in human patients of 181-365 days age group was relatively high (45.75%) while it was 41.82% in under 5 years old. The birds of 7-12 days age group was found most frequently associated with rotavirus infection and the rate was found 45%.

Bacteriological And Parasitological Study Of Acute Gastroenteritis Among Patients Visiting Sukraraj Tropical And Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH), Teku, Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeena Jangam ◽  
Nisha Lamsal ◽  
Prashansha Sharma ◽  
Najma Makaju ◽  
Beena Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastroenteritisis a major public-health problem in developing nations like Nepal, where communities are still ravaged by poverty, poor sanitation, poor personal hygiene, and poor water supplies.The objective of our study was to find the bacterial and parasitic agents responsible for causing gastroenteritis.METHODOLOGY: A hospital based prospective study was carried out for 3 months in Bacteriology and Parasitology section of STIDH. Stool samples received in respective section from patients with gastroenteritis were included in the study. Standard Microbiological Guidelines were employed for collection and processing of samples, followed by Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of bacterial isolates. Normal saline and Iodine preparation were done for microscopic examination of parasites.RESULTS: Among 421 stool samples processed in Bacteriology section, 28(6.65%) showed bacterial growth with 15(53.57%) Shigella flexneri , 4(14.28%) S higella sonnei and 9(32.14%) Salmonella typhimurium . Ceftriaxone and Nalidixic acid were found to be the most Sensitive and Resistant antibiotic for Shigella spp. and Salmonella typhimurium. Similarly, in parasitology section, microscopic observation of 648 stool samples showed 136(20.98%) cysts of Entamoeba histolytica , 3(0.46%) cysts of Giardia lamblia , 2(0.30%) trophozoites of Giardia lamblia , 1 (0.15%) larva of Strongyloides stercoralis , 1(0.15%) ova of hookworm and 1(0.15%) ova of Ascaris lumbricoides .CONCLUSION: The study revealed Shigella species as the predominant bacterial agent with S. flexneri being the major one. Hence, extensive study of shigellosis with greater emphasis on resistance pattern of different group of antibiotics is essential in such hospital. Similarly, parasitic infections are found in significant amount. Hence, concerned hospital authorities and government official’s needs to take strict action in contending such infections.

scholarly journals SHIFT IN HUMAN ROTAVIRUS DISTRIBUTION IN BELO HORIZONTE, BRAZIL DETECTED BY RIBONUCLEIC ACID ELECTROPHORESIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Millan Scarabeli Alves Coelho da Silva ◽  
Francisco José Penna ◽  
Ricardo Jenner Duarte ◽  
Pedro Augusto Rocha Pereira ◽  
Andreia Elisa Cursino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
South American ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Rotavirus has been considered the main agent of infectious diarrhea especially among younger children. We addressed the prevalence of rotavirus-associated diarrhea and the diversity of circulating electropherotypes by immunochromatography and RNA electrophoresis. Stool samples were taken from 391 children (267 with diarrhea) from the lower socioeconomic stratum who sought treatment in the Hospital Infantil João Paulo II/Belo Horizonte, during 2005 and 2006. Rotavirus was detected in 79/20.2% of subjects, 64/24.0% with diarrhea and 15/12.1% with no diarrhea. The virus was strongly associated with diarrhea (p = 0.003). A total of 76/19.4% and 69/17.6% rotavirus-positive children were identified by immunochromatography and electrophoresis, respectively. Rotavirus-associated diarrhea was more frequently detected in dry months (p < 0.001) and almost exclusively in children aged up to three years. Long profile strains prevailed (54/78.3%) but a shift toward short electropherotype was identified. Despite the decrease seen in 2006, rotavirus infection is still very common in our area. Although viral RNA electrophoresis is useful as a typing method, it should not be used exclusively in the diagnosis of rotavirus infection. We confirmed a shift from long to short profile strains, as already described for other South American countries.

scholarly journals Outbreak Investigation of Diarrheal Diseases in Jajarkot

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Bhandari ◽  
SM Dixit ◽  
U Ghimire ◽  
MK Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Health Institutions

Background: Diarrhea is a major public health problem in Nepal. Recently, there was an outbreak of diarrheal diseases in different districts of mid and far western region of Nepal and the most affected district was Jajarkot. The objective of this study was to detect the causative organism and analyze the epidemic outbreak patterns of diarrhea in selected health institutions in Jajarkot district, Midwestern Region of Nepal, in terms of their demographic characteristics and laboratory findings of stool specimens. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from health institutions of two Village Development committees of Jajarkot. Stool samples were collected purposively to identify the agents of diarrheal diseases. Results: Out of the total 13 stool samples tested, 5 were diagnosed as harboring Vibrio cholerae. The Attack Rate and Case Fatality Ratio were calculated to be 8.2% and 1% respectively for the District. Age groups 15-44 were highly affected; male and female were approximately equally affected. Conclusions: Cholera appears to have been the most important cause for mortality in Jajarkot diarrhea outbreak. The diarrhea outbreak in any districts of Nepal should be closely monitored for the possibility of a Cholera epidemic in the future. Key words: cholera; diarrhea; epidemic; outbreak. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3008 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 66-68

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasites among urban and rural population in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mareeswaran ◽  
A. K. Savitha ◽  
S. Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are globally endemic and is a major public health problem of concern. The prevalence is high in developing countries like India probably due to poor sanitary conditions and improper hygiene. Among the various intestinal parasites, the prevalence of Entamoeba, Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Giardia and Trichuris have been studied in this research.Methods: This is a cross sectional study which involves 205 urban and 185 rural populations. The data was collected from the Urban and Rural health training centres in Anakaputhur and Padappai of Kancheepuram district respectively over a period of three months from August 2017 to October 2017. Data entry was done in MS Excel and analysis was carried out in SPSS software version 22. The analysis was done using descriptive and analytical statistical methods.Results: Among the rural and urban population, 185 stool samples from the rural population showed nearly 50.8% intestinal parasites (E. histolytica 40%, A. lumbricoides 2%, A. duodenalae 5%, Giardia 1%, T. trichura 3%). On the contrary 205 stool samples from urban population showed 23.4% of intestinal parasites (E. histolytica 18%, A. lumbricoides 2%, A. duodenalae 5%, Giardia 0%, T. trichura 0%). The increase in the prevalence of intestinal parasites among rural population than the urban population was statistically significant.Conclusions: The stool samples collected from rural population showed high prevalence of intestinal parasite infestation when compared to urban population, hence necessary interventions like health education, awareness creation and medical intervention should be undertaken particularly among the rural population.

The prevalence and genotype diversity of Human Rotavirus A circulating in Thailand, 2011–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaweesak Chieochansin ◽  
Viboonsak Vutithanachot ◽  
Tikumporn Phumpholsup ◽  
Nawarat Posuwan ◽  
Apiradee Theamboonlers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Genotype Diversity

scholarly journals Point-of-care diagnosis and risk factors of infantile, rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in Calabar, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel E. Nnukwu ◽  
Simon J. Utsalo ◽  
Olufunmilayo G. Oyero ◽  
Michel Ntemgwa ◽  
James A. Ayukekbong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Extraction Buffer ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Test Cassette

Background: Rotaviruses are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide and a significant proportion of these infections occur in Africa.Objectives: In the present study, we determined the prevalence and risk factors of rotavirus infection among children younger than age 5 years with or without diarrhoea in Calabar, Nigeria, using a rapid point-of-care test.Methods: Two hundred infants younger than age 5 years presenting with acute gastroenteritis and a control group of 200 infants without diarrhoea were tested for rotavirus. Each stool sample was homogenised in an extraction buffer and the supernatant added into the sample well of the Rida Quick rotavirus test cassette and allowed to run for 5 minutes at room temperature. When both the control band and test band were visible on the test cassette a positive result was recorded, whereas when only the control band was visible a negative results was recorded.Results: Rotavirus was detected in 25 (12.5%) of children with diarrhoea and in no children without diarrhoea. Our results demonstrated that children who were exclusively breast-fed by their mothers were not infected with rotavirus and that 92% of the infants infected with rotavirus experienced vomiting.Conclusion: These data demonstrate that asymptomatic rotavirus infection is rare and that rotavirus is commonly detected in stool samples of children suffering from diarrhoea with concomitant vomiting. Use of point-of-care rotavirus tests will enhance early diagnosis of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea and reduce irrational use of antibiotics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document