scholarly journals Perceived stigma among patient with pulmonary tuberculosis at public health facilities in southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243433
Author(s):  
Mustefa Mohammedhussein ◽  
Mohammedamin Hajure ◽  
Jemal Ebrahim Shifa ◽  
Tahir Ahmed Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Related Stigma

Objectives Although tuberculosis (TB) related stigma has a significant impact on the diagnosis, patient adherence with treatment, and recovery from the disease, there is limited evidence from Ethiopia regarding perceived stigma among patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).The purpose of this study was to assess perceived stigma and associated factors among patient with PTB on treatment in southwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019 among 410 patient with PTB. Data were collected by using the perceived tuberculosis stigma scale. Epi data v3.1 and SPSSv23 were used for data entry and analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with perceived stigma. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Result Prevalence of perceived stigma among patient with Pulmonary tuberculosis was 57.1% (95% CI: 52.2, 61.7). Poor social support (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.48), above a month duration of illness (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.33, 4.64), high perceived stress (AOR = 1.95; 95% CI:1.09, 3.49), current khat use (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI:1.05, 3.37), and presence of depression (AOR = 8.18; 95% CI:4.40, 15.22) were significantly associated with perceived stigma. Patient with HIV co-infection were 5.67 times (AOR = 5.67; 95% CI: 2.32, 13.87) more likely to have Perceived stigma than their counterparts. Conclusion TB related stigma was reported by more than half of the study participant. Stigma reduction measures are needed to lower TB related stigma perceived by the patient, the level of distress associated with it, and to promote the psychological wellbeing of patient with TB.

scholarly journals Surviving COVID-19 is Half the Battle; Living Life with Perceived Stigma is Other Half: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762110293
Author(s):  
Sushma Bhatnagar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Puneet Rathore ◽  
Riniki Sarma ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

Background: Year 2020 started with global health crisis known as COVID-19. In lack of established tools and management protocols, COVID-19 had become breeding ground for fear and confusion, leading to stigma toward affected individuals. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate prevalence of stigma in discharged COVID-19 patients from a COVID hospital in India. Participants were approached telephonically using a semistructured questionnaire to record their experiences. Questions were asked regarding stigma at six major domains of daily life. Among total 1,673 discharged participants, 600 were conveniently selected and out of them 311 responded on telephonic interviews. Result: We found that 182 (58.52%) participants (95% CI: 53.04–64.00) have self-perceived stigma, 163 (52.41%) participants (95% CI: 46.86–57.96) experienced quarantine-related stigma, 222 (71.38%) participants (95% CI: 66.36–76.40) experienced neighborhood stigma, 214 (68.81%) participants (95% CI: 63.66–73.95) experienced stigma while going out in marketplaces, 180 (57.88%) participants (95% CI: 52.39–63.37) experienced stigma at their work place, and 207 (66.56%) participants (95% CI: 61.31–71.80) reported stigma experienced by their family members. With a total of 84.5% (95% CI: 80.06–88.39) participants experiencing stigma at some domain and about 42.8% of participants facing stigma at all six domains. The commonest noted cause of stigma was fear of getting infected, reported by 184 (59.2%) participants. Conclusion: This study shows high prevalence of stigma in COVID-19 patients suffering in their common domains of daily lives.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of clinical predictors in estimating the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis among smear-negative cases in Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e037913
Author(s):  
Mala George ◽  
Geert-Jan Dinant ◽  
Efrem Kentiba ◽  
Teklu Teshome ◽  
Abinet Teshome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of the predictors in estimating the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) when all versus only significant variables are combined into a decision model (1) among all clinical suspects and (2) among smear-negative cases based on the results of culture tests.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo public referral hospitals in Tigray, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 426 consecutive adult patients admitted to the hospitals with clinical suspicion of PTB were screened by sputum smear microscopy and chest radiograph (chest X-ray (CXR)) in accordance with the Ethiopian guidelines of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program. Discontinuation of antituberculosis therapy in the past 3 months, unproductive cough, HIV positivity and unwillingness to give written informed consent were the basis of exclusion from the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA total of 354 patients were included in the final analysis, while 72 patients were excluded because culture tests were not done.ResultsThe strongest predictive variables of culture-positive PTB among patients with clinical suspicion were a positive smear test (OR 172; 95% CI 23.23 to 1273.54) and having CXR lesions compatible with PTB (OR 10.401; 95% CI 5.862 to 18.454). The regression model had a good predictive performance for identifying culture-positive PTB among patients with clinical suspicion (area under the curve (AUC) 0.84), but it was rather poor in patients with a negative smear result (AUC 0.64). Combining all the predictors in the model compared with only the independent significant variables did not really improve its performance to identify culture-positive (AUC 0.84–0.87) and culture-negative (AUC 0.64–0.69) PTB.ConclusionsOur finding suggests that predictive models based on clinical variables will not be useful to discriminate patients with culture-negative PTB from patients with culture-positive PTB among patients with smear-negative cases.

Anorectal pathology amongst HIV infected patients attending the Douala General Hospital: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Namme Luma ◽  
Servais Albert Fiacre Bagnaka Eloumou ◽  
Ellis Atemlefeh Fualefeh-Morfaw ◽  
Agnes Malongue ◽  
Elvis Temfack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

While gastrointestinal disease is common among HIV infected individuals, the prevalence and distribution of ano-rectal pathology has not been well studied in our setting. The objective of this study therefore was to determine the prevalence and determinants of ano-rectal pathology in HIV infected patients attending the Douala General Hospital HIV treatment centre. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken. We collected socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory data using a structured questionnaire and patients’ files. Each study participant had a full physical and ano-rectal examination. We further studied factors associated with having at least one ano-rectal lesion by logistic regression reporting odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). We included 390 HIV infected patients. The mean age was 41 (SD: 8) years and 48% were men. Median duration since HIV diagnosis was 3 (interquartile range: 2–5) years and median CD4 cell count was 411 (interquartile range: 234–601) cells/mm3. Prevalence of ano-rectal pathology was 22.8% (95% CI: 18.7–27.3). Hemorrhoids and proctitis were most common lesions found; each in 10% of patients. From multivariate logistic regression, factors associated with ano-rectal pathology were CD4 < 350 cells/ml (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.2), not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.6), inpatient (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.3), ano-rectal intercourse (OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.7–15.1), and more than one sexual partner (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3–4.2). Ano-rectal pathology is common amongst HIV infected patients. Care givers should actively investigate and treat them as this will improve the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Impact of Sleep Disturbances on the Quality of Life Among Schizophrenic Out-patients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 684-691
Author(s):  
Aman Dule ◽  
Mustefa Mohammedhussein ◽  
Mohammedamin Hajure
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Jimma University

Aim: Current study was aimed to assess the impacts of sleep disturbances on patient’s quality of life. Background: Schizophrenia is a syndrome, which affects sleep. Up to 80% of schizophrenic patients complain of sleep disturbances which affect the quality of life Objectives: To assess the association of sleep disturbances and quality of life and other contributing factors among schizophrenic patients on follow-up treatment at Jimma University Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling of 411 out-patients at Jimma University medical center was employed from April 21-June 20, 2019. Sleep disturbances and the quality of life were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index and WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23.0 software was used. Chi-square and independent samples t-test were used for association and P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Most participants had sleep disturbances and the mean score of positive scale on PANSS was higher for patients with sleep disturbances. About one-fourth of the patients had very good subjective sleep quality and > 85% of sleep efficiency was reported by 139 participants. More than half (51.1%) of the subjects had used sleep medication and the majority (64.7%) of them were reported daytime dysfunctions in the past month. The social domain (M±SD=3.92±2.51, t=8.46, p= <0.001, eta2=0.15) and overall WHOQOL (M±SD=57.60±16.87, t=9.24, p= < 0.001, eta2= 0.17) score had a large difference of means and about 15% and 17% of the variance in sleep disturbance have been explained. Conclusion: Generally, the finding of the current study was in agreement with most of the previous studies and sleep disturbances respectively moderate to significant effects on the patient’s quality of life.

scholarly journals A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOISIS AMONG RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ganesh Salvi ◽  
Rakhi Luthra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Tuberculosis Risk

AIM: To assess the knowledge regarding Tuberculosis cause, spread, types and duration of treatment among rural and urban population of Udaipur, Rajasthan. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted during January to March 2020 in OPD’s of PHC and UHC of Udaipur city. Total of 216 participants were included. Results: Our study showed that 30.09% were believed that Tb spread form Air, 42.22% were aware about Pulmonary tuberculosis and 53.24% were know that treatment of Tb lasts for 6 months. Conclusion: There is a need to aware people more about Tuberculosis risk factors, symptoms and treatment.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on alcoholism and its comorbidity patterns among urban adult population in Salem Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Dhanasekar Gurupatham ◽  
Jeevithan Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Salem District

Background: Alcohol use is associated with serious public health problems thereby raising the global morbidity and mortality. The main aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of alcoholism and its co morbidity pattern among urban adult population in Salem district, Tamil Nadu.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among urban adult population in Salem district involving 493 participants. Convenient sampling method was used. Informed consent was obtained from each participant and information was collected by using a predesigned structured questionnaire. Microsoft Excel 2007 was used for data entry and SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis.Results: It was found from the study that the prevalence of alcoholism was high. Alcohol use in any form was found in 38% of the study participants. 8% of the participants confessed that alcohol is an eye opener to them. 6% of the participants lost their job and 15% of the participants were hospitalised due to alcohol.Conclusions: The study showed higher prevalence of alcohol use among urban adult population in Salem district. Awareness about the ill effects of alcoholism among the population and necessary rehabilitation will help to reduce alcoholism consumption and its related disorders.

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