scholarly journals Status, rivalry and admiration-seeking in narcissism and depression: A behavioral study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243588
Author(s):  
Anna Szücs ◽  
Katalin Szanto ◽  
Jade Adalbert ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
Luke Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Status Rivalry

Humans seek admiration to boost their social rank and engage in rivalry to protect it when fearing defeat. Traits such as narcissism and affective states such as depression are thought to influence perception of rank and motivation for dominance in opposite ways, but evidence of the underlying behavioral mechanisms is scant. We investigated the effects of dimensionally-assessed narcissism and depression on behavioral responses to social defeat in a rigged video game tournament designed to elicit rivalry (stealing points from opponents) and admiration-seeking (paying for rank). We tested an undergraduate sample (N = 70, mean age = 21.5 years) and a clinical sample of predominantly depressed elderly (N = 85, mean age = 62.6 years). Both rivalry and admiration-seeking increased with time on task and were particularly enhanced in individuals high in narcissism. Participants engaged in more rivalry when pitted against high-ranked opponents, but depression partially mitigated this tendency. Our findings provide behavioral evidence that narcissism manifests in increased rivalry and admiration-seeking during social contests. Depression does not suppress general competitiveness but selectively inhibits upward-focused rivalry.

scholarly journals Status, rivalry and admiration-seeking in narcissism and depression: a behavioral study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szücs ◽  
Katalin Szanto ◽  
Jade Adalbert ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Luke Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Status Rivalry

Humans seek admiration to boost their social rank and engage in rivalry to protect it when fearing defeat. Traits such as narcissism and affective states such as depression are thought to influence perception of rank and motivation for dominance in opposite ways, but evidence of the underlying behavioral mechanisms is scant. We investigated the effects of trait dominance, dimensionally-assessed narcissism, and depression on behavioral responses to social defeat in a rigged video game tournament designed to elicit rivalry (stealing points from opponents) and admiration-seeking (paying for rank). We tested an undergraduate sample (N = 70, mean age = 21.5 years) and a clinical sample of predominantly depressed elderly (N = 85, mean age = 62.6 years). Both rivalry and admiration-seeking increased with time on task and were particularly enhanced in individuals high in trait dominance or narcissism. Participants engaged in more rivalry when pitted against high-ranked opponents, a tendency accentuated by trait dominance and partially mitigated by depression. Our findings provide behavioral evidence that social dominance and narcissism manifest in increased rivalry and admiration-seeking during social contests. Depression does not suppress general competitiveness but selectively inhibits upward-focused rivalry.

scholarly journals Adolescent social defeat alters neural, endocrine and behavioral responses to amphetamine in adult male rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 1352 ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Burke ◽  
Kenneth J. Renner ◽  
Gina L. Forster ◽  
Michael J. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Male Rats

scholarly journals Change in social rank and brain dopamine levels: findings from a novel pig model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui G. Cheng ◽  
Abiy M. Mohammed ◽  
Anthony P. Pease ◽  
Joshua Gehrke ◽  
George Bohart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Social Ranking ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Csf Levels

AbstractDopamine (DA) signaling is central in hypothesized causal paths linking the influence of social and environmental variables with cognition, behavior and affective states, including vulnerability to drug dependence. Here, we study whether change in one’s social rank induces DA and norepinephrine (NE) changes using a novel pig model with a social-ranking-and-re-ranking protocol to investigate social context influences on catecholamine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. For two weeks, 16 recently weaned male piglets were socially housed in four groups, with video-recordings for social rank assessments (α, β, γ, and δ); CSF and blood were obtained from these stable social groups. Next, all four α were housed together, as were all four β, etc., again with video recording for blinded social ranking. CSF and blood samples were collected at three time points: prior to initial social housing, following social housing and following re-organization. Regression analyses disclosed a positive relationship between changes in social rank and post-rank change in CSF levels of DA; one unit increase of social rank predicted a 17.4 pg/ml increase in CSF dopamine concentrations (95% CI= 1.2, 33.7). Compared to piglets with downward shifts in ranks (i.e., high-to-low), piglets with upward shifts (i.e., low-to-high) had a statistically significant greater increase in CSF DA levels. No relationship was observed for CSF NE or blood concentrations of DA or NE at any phase of this experiment. This work, using a novel pig model, adds new evidence on alteration of the brain dopaminergic system induced by social rank change.

A brief new measure of trauma, relationship security, and affect across the lifespan: Development and initial validation of the Lifespan Negative Experiences Scale (LiNES)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Mayberry ◽  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Glenn Waller ◽  
Liat Levita
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Experiences

Background. Negative experiences across the lifespan – particularly interpersonal trauma (e.g., abuse/neglect), negative affective states (e.g., feeling afraid or anxious), and relationship insecurity (e.g., not feeling secure) have been associated with a range of adverse physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. However, negative previous life experiences are not always assessed when people present to services, particularly physical health services, and there are problems with existing measures, which are long and intrusive, and only ask about either current or childhood experiences without capturing other factors likely to affect resilience. Methods. Based on existing research, items were generated for a new measure called the Lifespan Negative Experiences Scale (LiNES), which was designed to retrospectively assess experiences of interpersonal trauma, relationship security, and affect at three developmental stages – childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Principal components analysis and regression were used to refine and validate the LiNES using data from a non-clinical sample. Results. The final version of the LiNES contains 13 items, optionally used to ask about three developmental stages. It was found to be reliable and valid. In addition, LiNES scores at each developmental stage significantly predicted both physical symptom reporting and emotional processing difficulties in adulthood. Conclusions. The LiNES is a brief new measure of negative life experiences capable of retrospectively capturing data from three developmental stages. This study provides an initial indication, based on non-clinical data, that the LiNES could be relevant in a range of settings, including physical and mental health settings, and for future research applications.

scholarly journals Social Defeat Stress-Induced Behavioral Responses are Mediated by the Endogenous Kappa Opioid System

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P McLaughlin ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Joseph Valdez ◽  
Theodore A Chavkin ◽  
Charles Chavkin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Kappa Opioid

scholarly journals Personal values in mental disorders: an exploratory analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Socci ◽  
Dalila Talevi ◽  
Paolo Stratta ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Francesca Pacitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Positive Affectivity ◽  
Conservation Values

AbstractPersonal values have increasingly become central in socio-psychological research. However, the relationships between values and psychopathological variables have been scarcely investigated, with mixed results. This study aimed to explore potential differences in value orientation in a sample of people with psychotic disorders and mood disorders compared to a non-clinical sample using the Schwarz’s values framework. A clinical sample of 162 subjects (92 subjects with psychotic disorders and 70 with mood disorders) and a non-clinical sample of 217 subjects completed the self-report measures of affective states (PANAS) and personal values (PVQ). Irrespective of the diagnostic group, the clinical sample showed higher expression of Conservation values (i.e., Tradition, Conformity, Security). Conservation and Self-enhancement values positively correlated with PANAS-positive affectivity in the clinical sample; in the non-clinical sample, Self-enhancement values only correlated with PANAS-positive affectivity. The expression of Conservation values in individuals with a mental disorder could reflect an orientation toward Conformity underlying fundamental affiliative goals. The complex relationship between personal values and clinical constructs should be further investigated, with important theoretical and clinical implications in mental health.

How Can Wii Learn From Video Games?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Downs ◽  
Mary Beth Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Real World ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motion Controller ◽  
Game Players ◽  
Tiger Woods ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Practical Implications

Motion controlling technology allows game players to interact with video games using kinesthetic body motions that replicate real-world activities. A 2x2 fully crossed, between-subjects experiment, plus control group was designed to empirically test how the type of controller (motion controller vs. symbolic controller) and avatar customization (customized vs. not customized) contributed to affective and behavioral responses when playing the Tiger Woods PGA Tour video game. Findings indicated that using the motion controller led to better video game performance, in addition to better performance in a real-world putting task. Further, use of the motion controller led to greater perceptions of golf efficacy (indirectly through presence), and was positively correlated with liking of the video game, which in turn led to greater perceptions of liking of the game of golf. Theoretical and practical implications for these findings are discussed.

On-Task and Off-Task Behavior in the Classroom: A Study on Mathematics Learning With Educational Video Games

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1361-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner Beserra ◽  
Miguel Nussbaum ◽  
Macarena Oteo
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Educational Video Games ◽  
School Year ◽  
Task Behavior ◽  
Drill And Practice

When performing a task in the classroom, it is essential to place the focus on learning. In the classroom, it is possible to distinguish between time spent by students on-task and off-task. The former is the time in which the student is focused on the learning task; the latter is the remaining time in which they focus on other activities. Understanding the relationship between the two is a concern for teachers, especially for those who teach mathematics and other subjects that are often considered unattractive by students. Given the opportunity afforded by educational video games to motivate and engage math students, an educational drill-and-practice video game was used in this study to practice second-grade arithmetic and study the students' on-task and off-task behavior. We found that when practicing arithmetic using an educational drill-and-practice video game, time on-task decreases during an activity (30 minutes) as well as over the course of the school year (March to December). This study has implications for the length of mathematics classes at schools as well as the need to vary activities during a class.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Social Rank and Attachment Theory to Depression in a Non Clinical Sample of Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 832-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Pinna Puissant ◽  
Jean-Marie Gauthier ◽  
Robin Van Oirbeek
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Submissive Behavior ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Social

This study explores the relative contribution of the overall quality of attachment to the mother, to the father and to peers (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment scales), the style of attachment towards peers (Attachment Questionnaire for Children scale), the social rank variables (submissive behavior and social comparison), and sex and age variables in predicting the depression score (Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) on a non-psychiatric sample of 13-18 year old adolescents (n = 225). Results of our integrated model (adjusted R-Square of .50) show that attachment variables (overall quality of attachment to the father and to the mother), social rank variables (social comparison and submissive behavior), age and sex are important in predicting depressive symptoms during adolescence. Moreover, the attachment to peers variables (quality of attachment to peers, secure and ambivalent style of attachment) and sex are mediated by the social rank variables (social comparison and submissive behavior).

scholarly journals Prelimbic-amygdala overexcitability mediates trait vulnerability in a novel mouse model of acute social defeat stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael S. Grossman ◽  
Clementine Fillinger ◽  
Alessia Manganaro ◽  
George Voren ◽  
Rachel Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Social Defeat Stress

BACKGROUNDDepression is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with 20% lifetime prevalence in the developed world but only approximately half of afflicted individuals respond to currently available therapies. While there is growing understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of the depressed brain, much less is known about the preexisting circuitry leading to selective vulnerability versus resilience. Elucidating these networks could lead to novel preventative approaches.METHODSWe developed a model of acute social defeat stress (ASDS) that allows classification of male mice into “susceptible” (socially avoidant) versus “resilient” (expressing control-level social approach) one hour after exposure to six minutes of social stress. Using circuit tracing and high-resolution confocal imaging, we explored differences in activation and dendritic spine density and morphology in the prelimbic to basolateral amygdala (PL→BLA) circuit in resilient versus susceptible mice. To test the functional relevance of identified structure/function differences to divergent behavioral responses, we used an intersectional chemogenetic approach to inhibit the PL→BLA circuit during or prior to ASDS.RESULTSSusceptible mice had greater PL→BLA recruitment during ASDS and activated PL→BLA neurons from susceptible mice had more and larger mushroom spines compared to resilient mice. Inhibition of the PL→BLA circuit led to a population shift towards resilience.CONCLUSIONPreexisting PL→BLA structure/function differences mediate divergent behavioral responses to ASDS in male mice. These results support the PL→BLA circuit as a biomarker of trait vulnerability and potential target for prevention of stress-induced psychopathology.

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