scholarly journals Comparison of multidirectional jump performance and lower limb passive range of motion profile between soccer and basketball young players

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245277
Author(s):  
Marta Domínguez-Díez ◽  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Silvia Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
María Soto-Célix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Jump Ability ◽  
Hip Flexion

This study was performed aimed at comparing multidirectional bilateral and unilateral jump performance and passive range of motion (ROM) of lower limbs between soccer and basketball young players and evaluating associations between inter-limb ROM asymmetry and bilateral jump performance. A total of 67 young male athletes participated in this study, who were classified as soccer (n = 40; 15.55 ± 1.5 y; 1.76 ± 0.12 m; 58.15 ± 10.82 kg; 19.84 ± 2.98 kg·m2) and basketball (n = 27; 15.7 ± 1.66 y; 1.76 ± 0.12 m; 62.33 ± 16.57 kg; 19.84 ± 2.98 kg·m2) players. Participants were asked to perform bilateral and unilateral multidirectional jumps, and passive ROM of hip (flexion, extension and abduction), knee (flexion) and ankle (dorsiflexion) joints was also assessed. Significant between-group differences were observed for hip extension with flexed knee ROM in dominant (soccer: 142.43 ± 7.74°; basketball: 148.63 ± 8.10°) and non-dominant (soccer: 144.38 ± 8.36°; basketball: 148.63 ± 6.45°) legs; hip flexion with flexed knee ROM in dominant (soccer: 13.26 ± 4.71°; basketball: 9.96 ± 3.42°) and non-dominant (soccer: 12.86 ± 4.55°; basketball: 9.70 ± 3.62°) legs; and for the ratio of hip abduction (soccer: 1.02 ± 0.08; basketball: 0.97 ± 0.11). However, no significant between-group differences were observed for bilateral and unilateral jump capacity, or for inter-limb asymmetries (dominant vs. non-dominant leg). Finally, no associations were observed between ROM ratio (dominant vs. non-dominant leg) and bilateral jump performance. These findings lead to the suggestion that differences on passive ROM values in young male athletes may be sport-specific. Additionally, there seems to be need for the implementation of training strategies specifically aimed at improving bilateral or unilateral jump ability, or at diminishing inter limb passive ROM differences in order to improve multidirectional jump performance for neither soccer nor basketball youth male players.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Limbs during the Chasse Step in Table Tennis Athletes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Yang ◽  
Yuqi He ◽  
Shirui Shao ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Bíró István ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation

The chasse step is one of the most important footwork maneuvers used in table tennis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower limb kinematic differences of table tennis athletes of different genders when using the chasse step. The 3D VICON motion analysis system was used to capture related kinematics data. The main finding of this study was that the step times for male athletes (MA) were shorter in the backward phase (BP) and significantly longer in the forward phase (FP) than for female athletes (FA) during the chasse step. Compared with FA, knee external rotation for MA was larger during the BP. MA showed a smaller knee flexion range of motion (ROM) in the BP and larger knee extension ROM in the FP. Moreover, hip flexion and adduction for MA were significantly greater than for FA. In the FP, the internal rotational velocity of the hip joint was significantly greater. MA showed larger hip internal rotation ROM in the FP but smaller hip external rotation ROM in the BP. The differences between genders can help coaches personalize their training programs and improve the performance of both male and female table tennis athletes.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Magnitude of Interlimb Asymmetries in Young Female Soccer Players: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Daniel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Ability

Although asymmetries in lower limbs have been linked with players’ performance in male soccer players, literature that has been published addressing female soccer is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was twofold: (i) describe the asymmetries of women soccer players during jumping, change-of-direction and range-of-motion tests; and (ii) test possible relationships between asymmetries and injury risk in female soccer players. Sixteen female players (15.5 ± 1.5 years) performed a battery of fitness tests (i.e., jump ability, change-of-direction ability and passive range-of-motion) and muscle mass analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, through which the specific asymmetry index and the related injury risk were calculated. Significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in the change-of-direction test were observed in comparison to those observed in jumping and range-of-motion tests; significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in muscle mass were also reported compared to those found in the change-of-direction and countermovement jump tests. Additionally, increased injury risk for countermovement jump and hip flexion with extended knee range-of-motion (relating to asymmetry values) and for ankle flexion with flexed knee range-of-motion in both legs (relating to reference range-of-motion values), as well as increased individual injury risk values, were observed across all tests. These findings suggest the necessity to implement individual approaches for asymmetry and injury risk analyses.

Hip and ankle strength and range of motion in female soccer players with dynamic knee valgus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Young Jin Jo ◽  
Young Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Single Leg Squat

BACKGROUND: Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is a known risk factor for acute and chronic knee injuries and is more frequently diagnosed in females. A real-time single-leg squat test (SLST) could screen for DKV to prevent injuries. OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in lower extremity strength and range of motion (ROM) in female soccer athletes with and without DKV during an SLST. METHODS: Eighteen subjects with DKV (DKV group) and 18 subjects without DKV (control group) during a single-leg squat were included. Hip strength (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) was measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Hip ROM (internal and external rotation), and ankle ROM (dorsiflexion with the knee flexed and extended) were measured. Independent t-test was used to compare the averages of the groups. RESULTS: There were significant differences in hip abduction to adduction strength ratio (DKV: 1.48 ± 0.3, control: 1.22 ± 0.26, p< 0.01) and ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (DKV: 17.22 ± 6.82, control: 21.22 ± 4.55, p< 0.05) and extended (DKV: 10.14 ± 4.23, control: 14.75 ± 3.40, p< 0.001) between the groups. CONCLUSION: The hip abduction to adduction strength ratio and gastrocnemius and soleus flexibility may be associated factors in dynamic knee valgus and therefore should be assessed and treated, if indicated, as a possible preventive measure in female athletes with this variation.

scholarly journals Chronic Effects of Different Resistance Training Exercise Orders on Flexibility in Elite Judo Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alam R. Saraiva ◽  
Victor M. Reis ◽  
Pablo B. Costa ◽  
Claudio M. Bentes ◽  
Gabriel V. Costa e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effects of twelve weeks of resistance training with different exercise orders (upper limbs and lower limbs vs. lower limbs and upper limbs) on flexibility levels in elite judo athletes. Thirtynine male athletes were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: G1 (n = 13), G2 (n = 13), and CG (n = 13). The flexibility was assessed on 8 joint movements: shoulder flexion and shoulder extension, shoulder abduction and shoulder adduction, trunk flexion and trunk extension, and hip flexion and hip extension. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (time [pre-experimental vs. post-experimental] × group [G1 vs. G2 vs. CG]) were used to compare the differences between pre- and post-test situations and the differences among groups. The results from the within-group (pre vs. post) comparisons demonstrated significant increases (p < 0.05) in the range of motion of 3.93 and 5.96% for G1 and G2 training groups, respectively, in all joints. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed for the CG. The results from the between-group comparisons demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the range of motion between G1post vs. G2post (1.15%). Although both exercise orders (from upper to lower limbs and from lower to upper limbs) increased flexibility, no significant variations were observed between the different exercise orders. Nevertheless, these findings demonstrate that flexibility gains could be obtained with a resistance training program, and thus, more time can be devoted to sports-specific judo training.

scholarly journals Hip and groin pain in sub-elite South African footballers

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
D J Dowson
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Joint Pathology ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Groin Injury

Background. Groin injuries are common in football. This can be attributed to the nature of the sport involving rapid accelerations, decelerations, abrupt directional changes and kicking. Groin injuries require lengthy rehabilitation times and predispose players to further injuries. Previous groin injury is a risk factor for future groin injuries, suggesting players are inadequately rehabilitated or the original cause has not been addressed. Objectives. To describe the prevalence, nature and treatment patterns of groin injuries in sub-elite players, and to investigate differences in hip strength and range of motion between players with and without a history of groin injury. Method. Thirty sub-elite, senior university male players were interviewed and questioned regarding groin injuries sustained in the preceding three years. They were assessed using the HAGOS questionnaire, and underwent isokinetic hip flexion/extension strength, adductor squeeze and range of motion tests. Results. Seventeen players (57%) reported having a previous groin injury, with an average score of 83 (16) [mean (SD)] on the HAGOS, compared with 92 (5) for non-injured players. Of the previously injured players, 29% did not seek treatment from a medical professional. Injuries included adductor strain (35%), inguinal-related (18%), iliopsoas-related (12%) and hip joint pathology (6%). The average time off was 25 days. There were no significant differences in isokinetic hip flexion/extension strength, adductor strength and range of motion. Conclusion. The prevalence of groin injuries in this population is relatively high (57%) and requires lengthy rehabilitation time. The HAGOS is a suitable tool to identify groin pain in this population within the sports and recreation and quality of life subscales. Isokinetic hip strength and range of motion testing lacked sensitivity in detecting deficits in players with a previous groin injury. Only two-thirds of injured players consulted a medical practitioner, increasing the likelihood that rehabilitation was inadequate. It is therefore recommended that player/coach education regarding injury management improve in order to reduce subsequent injuries. Keywords. HAGOS, groin injury, prevalence, range of motion, isokinetic strength

scholarly journals Do hip-abduction braces work?—A biomechanical evaluation of a commercially available hip brace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Michalik ◽  
Katrin Essing ◽  
Ben Rohof ◽  
Matthias Gatz ◽  
Filippo Migliorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
Biomechanical Evaluation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract Introduction Dislocations of the hip joint are a common and clinically relevant complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Hip-abduction braces are currently used following operative or non-operative treatment of THA dislocations to prevent re-dislocations. However, the clinical and biomechanical effectiveness of such braces is still controversial. Material and methods A total of 30 volunteers were measured during standing and during sitting up and down from a chair task wearing a hip brace set at 70°, 90° or no hip flexion limitation. Range of motion of the hip joint was measured in all directions by an inertial sensor system. Further it has been evaluated if the range of motion would be reduced by the additional use of an arthrodesis cushion. Results The use of a hip brace set up with flexion limitation did reduce hip ROM in all directions significantly compared to unhinged brace (p < 0.001–0.035). Performing the “sit down and stand-up task” the brace set up at 70° flexion limitation did reduce maximum hip flexion significantly (p = 0.008). However, in most cases the measured hip flexion angles were greater than the settings of the hip brace should have allowed. The additional use of a cushion can further limit hip motion while sitting up and down from a chair. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that hip-abduction braces reduce hip range of motion. However, we also found that to achieve a flexion limitation of the hip to 90°, the hip brace should be set at a 70° hip flexion limitation.

scholarly journals The Indirect Role of Gluteus Medius Muscle in Knee Joint Stability during Unilateral Vertical Jump and Landing on Unstable Surface in Young Trained Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7421
Author(s):  
Balázs Sebesi ◽  
Ádám Fésüs ◽  
Mátyás Varga ◽  
Tamás Atlasz ◽  
Kitty Vadász ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction

(1) In the present investigation, we tested the hypothesis that unilateral countermovement jump performance is associated with knee joint stabilization ability during unilateral landing on unstable surface. (2) Twenty-five male sport students were tested for dynamometric knee extension and flexion, and hip abduction isometric strength. Myolectric activity of vastus lateralis and medialis, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris muscles were measured during unilateral countermovement vertical jump performed on a force plate, and during unilateral landing on unstable surface. (3) Vertical jump impulse negatively correlated with biceps femoris activation at landing. Participants with greater hip abduction force performed greater vertical jump impulse, and activated the biceps femoris less when landing on unstable surface. Furthermore, participants with smaller knee flexion/extension torque ratio increased biceps femoris/vastus medialis activation ratio at landing. (4) We conclude that hip abduction strength is an important contributor to unilateral vertical jump performance. Because biceps femoris is considered the synergist of the anterior cruciate ligament, we also propose that hip abductors are primary frontal plane protectors of the knee joint by reducing knee valgus and stress, allowing for smaller biceps femoris co-activation (secondary protection) at landing on unstable surface.

scholarly journals Assessment of Functional End Ranges of Lower Limb Joints in Positions Commonly Used for ADLs in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Niketa Patel ◽  
Lavina Rajesh Khatri ◽  
Lata Parmar
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Ankle Plantar Flexion

Background: In many countries of Asian continent, floor sitting is preferred instead of chair supported sitting. Indian population differs noticeably in its cultural practice and daily tasks which involves squatting and cross-legged sitting on the ground. Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the functional end-ranges of the hip, knee and ankle joints in healthy Indian subjects in positions commonly used for ADLs in India which includes squatting and cross-legged sitting. Methods: 66 healthy subjects were recruited from rural and urban populations with age range 30-50 years. Joint ROM of the lower extremities was measured using Universal Goniometer. All the subjects were asked to acquire squat and cross legged positions which were graded. Results: Our results finding showed that the subjects in cross leg sitting grade 2 (independent CLS) had hip flexion ranges ≥1150, hip abduction ≥ 410, hip external rotation ≥ 420, ankle plantar flexion ≥ 460, p<0.005.  For squatting, grade 2 (independent squat) had hip flexion ranges ≥ 1130,p>0.005, Knee flexion ≥1200, p>0.005 and ankle dorsiflexion ≥150, p<0.005. Conclusion: From the results, it is suggested that squatting and cross-leg sitting multiple times a day can prevent the early closer of end ranges of the lower limbs.

Optimal Combination of Minimum Degrees of Freedom to be Actuated in the Lower Limbs to Facilitate Arm-Free Paraplegic Standing

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon-young Kim ◽  
James K. Mills ◽  
Albert H. Vette ◽  
Milos R. Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
The Individual

Arm-free paraplegic standing via functional electrical stimulation (FES) has drawn much attention in the biomechanical field as it might allow a paraplegic to stand and simultaneously use both arms to perform daily activities. However, current FES systems for standing require that the individual actively regulates balance using one or both arms, thus limiting the practical use of these systems. The purpose of the present study was to show that actuating only six out of 12 degrees of freedom (12-DOFs) in the lower limbs to allow paraplegics to stand freely is theoretically feasible with respect to multibody stability and physiological torque limitations of the lower limb DOF. Specifically, the goal was to determine the optimal combination of the minimum DOF that can be realistically actuated using FES while ensuring stability and able-bodied kinematics during perturbed arm-free standing. The human body was represented by a three-dimensional dynamics model with 12-DOFs in the lower limbs. Nakamura’s method (Nakamura, Y., and Ghodoussi, U., 1989, “Dynamics Computation of Closed-Link Robot Mechanisms With Nonredundant and Redundant Actuators,” IEEE Trans. Rob. Autom., 5(3), pp. 294–302) was applied to estimate the joint torques of the system using experimental motion data from four healthy subjects. The torques were estimated by applying our previous finding that only 6 (6-DOFs) out of 12-DOFs in the lower limbs need to be actuated to facilitate stable standing. Furthermore, it was shown that six cases of 6-DOFs exist, which facilitate stable standing. In order to characterize each of these cases in terms of the torque generation patterns and to identify a potential optimal 6-DOF combination, the joint torques during perturbations in eight different directions were estimated for all six cases of 6-DOFs. The results suggest that the actuation of both ankle flexion∕extension, both knee flexion∕extension, one hip flexion∕extension, and one hip abduction∕adduction DOF will result in the minimum torque requirements to regulate balance during perturbed standing. To facilitate unsupported FES-assisted standing, it is sufficient to actuate only 6-DOFs. An optimal combination of 6-DOFs exists, for which this system can generate able-bodied kinematics while requiring lower limb joint torques that are producible using contemporary FES technology. These findings suggest that FES-assisted arm-free standing of paraplegics is theoretically feasible, even when limited by the fact that muscles actuating specific DOFs are often denervated or difficult to access.

scholarly journals Are isokinetic leg torques and kick velocity reliable predictors of competitive level in taekwondo athletes?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0235582
Author(s):  
Pedro Vieira Sarmet Moreira ◽  
Coral Falco ◽  
Luciano Luporini Menegaldo ◽  
Márcio Fagundes Goethel ◽  
Leandro Vinhas de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension

The aim of this study is to analyze how isokinetic knee and hip peak torques and roundhouse kick velocities are related to expertise level (elite vs. sub-elite) in taekwondo athletes. Seven elite and seven sub-elite athletes were tested for kick-specific variables (KSV, composed of kinematic variables and power of impact) and for concentric isokinetic peak torque (PT) at 60°/s and 240°/s. First, KSVs and PTs were compared between groups, then PTs were correlated with KSVs. Parametric variables with larger effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were entered in a stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA), generating an equation to estimate competitive level. Between-group differences were found in hip flexors (p = 0.04, d = 0.92) and extensors (p = 0.04, d = 0.96) with PT at 240°/s. Hip flexion PT at 60°/s and 240°/s correlated negatively with kick time (R = –0.46, p = 0.0499 and R = –0.62, p = 0.01 respectively). Hip flexion torque at 60°/s correlated positively (R = 0.52, p = 0.03) with peak linear velocity of the foot (LVF) and power of impact (R = 0.51, p = 0.03). Peak torque of hip extension at 60°/s and hip abduction at 240°/s also correlated with LVF (R = 0.56, p = 0.02 and R = 0.46, p = 0.0499). Hip extension at 60°/s correlated positively with peak linear velocity of the knee (R = 0.48, p = 0.04). The LDA showed an accuracy of 85.7% (p = 0.003) in predicting expertise level based on hip flexion and extension torques at 240°/s and on knee extension velocity during the kick. The study demonstrates that hip muscle strength is probably the dominant muscular factor for determining kick performance. Knee angular velocity combined with hip torques is the best discriminator for competitive level in taekwondo athletes.

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