scholarly journals Characteristics and predicting factors of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare providers in a developing country

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245672
Author(s):  
Rehab H. El-Sokkary ◽  
Amani El-Kholy ◽  
Sally Mohy Eldin ◽  
Walaa Shawky Khater ◽  
Doaa Mostafa Gad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

A limited number of publications have identified risk factors for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Healthcare Providers (HCPs). We aimed to assess the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the predicting factors related to COVID-19 among HCPs in Egypt. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs via an online questionnaire. Out of 440 responses, a total of 385 complete responses were analyzed. The responders’ mean age was 37.5±9.4 years, 215 (55.8%) of the participants were males. They included 77 (20%) confirmed COVID-19 cases; most of them had mild (58.6%) or moderate symptoms (30%), and (9.1%) were asymptomatic. Almost all sustained infection while on duty (97.4%). The sources of infection were either infected patients (39%), colleagues (22.1%), household contacts (5.2%) or uncertain (33.8%). The sources were symptomatic in only 62.3% of cases. Asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic sources accounted for 37.7% of the cases. Exposure occurred during healthcare provision in 66.3% of the cases. The presence of co-morbidities (OR = 2.53, CI 1.47–4.38, P = 0.001), working more than 8 hours per day in isolation hospital (OR = 3.09, CI 1.02–9.35, P = 0.046), training on hand hygiene (OR = 2.31, CI 1.05–5.08, P = 0.038) and adherence to IPC measures (OR = 2.11, CI 1.16–3.81, P = 0.014) were the significant predictors of COVID-19. In conclusion, COVID-19 occurred in 20% of responders. Silent spread from asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients, and infected colleagues in hospital settings is an alarming sign. Proactive infection prevention and control measures are highly encouraged on both strategic and operational levels. Reconsideration of surveillance strategy and work-related regulations in healthcare settings are warranted.

A clinical approach to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Akshata Jaiswal ◽  
Swapnil Borage ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Corona Virus

The Corona Virus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis emerging these days and the most significant challenge faced since World War Two. Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel Corona Virus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first identified due to outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, China. The most common symptoms include dry cough, fever and tiredness. Some may also develop aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhoea. There are no drugs or other therapeutics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to prevent or treat COVID-19. Both ancient, as well as modern therapeutic procedures, can be adopted for COVID -19. Current advanced clinical management includes infection prevention and control measures and supportive care, including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilator support depending upon the condition. On the other hand, Ayurveda is equipped with a variety of treatment protocols including Dincharya (daily regime), Rutucharya (seasonal regime), Pranayama (Breathing exercise), and various Panchakarma (Purification) procedures.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Nepalese Residents: A quick online cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asraf Hussain ◽  
Tripathi Garima ◽  
Bishnu Mohan Singh ◽  
Ramji Ram ◽  
Raman Pal Tripti
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Medical Background ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
First Case

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease. It is caused by a novel virus belonging to a family known as corona virus. This virus was first identified in the month December 2019 in Wuhan, China Hubei province. Since its first identification it has spread globally. It was declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 by WHO. Despite all efforts the virus continues to spread and WHO declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In Nepal the first case was tested positive on23rd January and ever since numbers are increasing as days passed by. Residents of the country are the most important stakeholders to control the spread of such viruses. Nepal is a land locked country situated between India and China and is one of the vulnerable areas among SAARC nations. In spite of being such a vulnerable nation there was a lack of previous studies detecting the degree of awareness among Nepalese residents towards COVID 19. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the current level of awareness towards COVID 19 among Nepalese residents and to analyze their attitudes and practices towards COVID 19 which is very important for people’s active participation to control this pandemic. In this study we investigated Nepalese residents KAP towards COVID-19. Material and Methods: This is cross sectional online study. A self-developed online questionnaire was completed by the participants. There were a total 29 questions among which 15 questions assessedknowledge, 6 questions assessed attitude and remaining 8 questions assessed practice. Results: Among the respondents (n=760), 65.7 % were male, 50.3 % were healthcare workers, overall range of correct answers for knowledge questionnaire was 60.0-98.7%, that for attitude was 77.9-96.4% and for practice was 78.2-95.0 %. Participants with a medical degree had statistically significant better practice against COVID 19 compared with the general population. Conclusion: Findings of this study show that knowledge among people of Nepal about COVID 19 is satisfactory. Yet a significant number of participants are lacking confidence when compared to other countries. Better practice against COVID requires a sense of responsibility, though the respondents with medical background had better sense of act against COVID prevention practice.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5141
Author(s):  
Bernadine Ekpenyong ◽  
Chukwuemeka J. Obinwanne ◽  
Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
Kelechukwu Ahaiwe ◽  
Okonokhua O. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Knowledge Practice

The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was distributed via emails and social media networks between 2nd and 18th May 2020 corresponding to the week of the lockdown in Nigeria to eye care practitioners (ECPs). Data for 823 respondents were analyzed. Knowledge and risk practice were categorized as binary outcome and univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the associated factors. The mean score for COVID-19-related knowledge of public health guidelines was high and varied across the ECPs. Ophthalmic Nurses, Ophthalmologists and Optometrists showed higher COVID-19-related knowledge than other ECPs (p < 0.001), particularly those working in the private sector. More than 50% of ECPs stated they provided essential services during the COVID-19 lockdown via physical consultation, particularly the Ophthalmologists. Most respondents reported that the guidelines provided by their Association were useful but expressed their lack of confidence in attending to patients during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Compared to other ECPs in Nigeria, more Ophthalmic Nurses received training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This survey is the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. There is need for the government to strengthen health systems by improving and extending training on standard infection prevention and control measures to ECPs for effective control of the pandemic and in the future as essential health workers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risks of severe events for cancer patients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Su ◽  
Jie-xuan Hu ◽  
Hai-shan Lin ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Emily C. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Foundation Program ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer

SummaryBackgroundThe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a severe challenge to public health, especially to those patients with underlying diseases. In this meta-analysis, we studied the prevalence of cancer among patients with COVID-19 infection and their risks of severe events.MethodsWe searched the Pubmed, Embase and MedRxiv databases for studies between December 2019 and May 3, 2020 using the following key words and terms: sars-cov-2, covid-19, 2019-ncov, 2019 novel coronavirus, corona virus disease-2019, clinical, clinical characteristics, clinical course, epidemiologic features, epidemiology, and epidemiological characteristics. We extracted data following PICO (patient, intervention, comparison and outcome) chart. Statistical analyses were performed with R Studio (version 3.5.1) on the group-level data. We assessed the studies’ risk of bias in accordance to the adjusted Joanna Briggs Institute. We estimated the prevalence or risks for severe events including admission into intensive care unit or death using meta-analysis with random effects.FindingsOut of the 2,551 studies identified, 32 studies comprising 21,248 participants have confirmed COVID-19. The total prevalence of cancer in COVID-19 patients was 3.97% (95% CI, 3.08% to 5.12%), higher than that of the total cancer rate (0.29%) in China. Stratification analysis showed that the overall cancer prevalence of COVID-19 patients in China was 2.59% (95% CI, 1.72% to 3.90%), and the prevalence reached 3.79% in Wuhan (95% CI, 2.51% to 5.70%) and 2.31% (95% CI, 1.16% to 4.57%) in other areas outside Wuhan in China. The incidence of ICU admission in cancer patients with COVID-19 was 26.80% (95% CI, 21.65% to 32.67%) and the mortality was 24.32% (95% CI, 13.95% to 38.91%), much higher than the overall rates of COVID-19 patients in China. The fatality in COVID patients with cancer was lower than those with cardiovascular disease (OR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.71; p=0.39), but comparable with other comorbidities such as diabetes (OR 1.32; 95% CI, 0.42 to 4.11; p=0.19), hypertension (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.35 to 4.62; p=0.13), and respiratory diseases (OR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.33; p=0.45).InterpretationThis comprehensive meta-analysis on the largest number of patients to date provides solid evidence that COVID-19 infection significantly and negatively affected the disease course and prognosis of cancer patients. Awareness of this could help guide clinicians and health policy makers in combating cancer in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.FundingBeijing Natural Science Foundation Program and Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KZ202010025047).

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Mathematical Model Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Kumar Biswas ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Susmita Sarkar ◽  
Uttam Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Population ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Very High

The present novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) infection has created a global emergency situation by spreading all over the world in a large scale within very short time period. The infection induced death rate is also very high. There is no vaccine or anti-viral medicine for such infection. So at this moment a major worldwide problem is that how we can control this pandemic. On the other hand, India is a high population density country, where the corona virus disease (COVID-19) has started to spread from $1^{st}$ week of March, 2020 in a significant number of COVID-19 positive cases. Due to this high population density human to human social contact rate is very high in India. So control of the pandemic COVID-19 in early stage is very urgent and challenging problem. Mathematical models are employed in this paper to study the COVID-19 dynamics, to identify the influential parameters and to find the proper prevention strategies to reduce the outbreak size. In this work, we have formulated a deterministic compartmental model to study the spreading of COVID-19 and estimated the model parameters by fitting the model with reported data of ongoing pandemic in India. Sensitivity analysis has been done to identify the key model parameters. The basic reproduction number has been estimated from actual data and the effective basic reproduction number has been studied on the basis of reported cases. Some effective preventive measures and their impacts on the disease dynamics have also been studied. Future trends of the disease transmission has been Predicted from our model with some control measures. Finally, the positive measures to control the disease have been summarized.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: a COVID-19 pandemic experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
Rifat Yasmin ◽  
Huma Hussain ◽  
Syeda Turab Fatima Abidi ◽  
Syed Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Tazaeen Hina Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
And Control

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global outbreak caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Study aims to evaluate knowledge and practices of healthcare workers (HCW) regarding infection prevention and control of corona virus disease Material and methods: A cross sectional validation study was conducted. Study was conducted at department of Medicine, Pakistan Ordinance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt. Study duration was 2 months (May 2020-June2020)A sample size of 217 HCW was calculated using WHO calculator. HCW were selected through non probability sampling (consecutive). Ethical permission was taken and research consent was signed by each participant. SPSS version 24 was used for analysis purpose. Post stratification fissure exact and chi-square test was applied. We found p value ≤0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Total 217 HCW were included in our study. Out of them, 85 (39.2%) were male and 132 (60.8%) were female in our study. Mean age of HCW was 34.5±2.4SD. In knowledge assessment majority of HCW had fair knowledge (46.5%), followed by good (30%) and poor knowledge (23.5%) regarding corona virus associated infection control and prevention. In practice assessment, among all those, 38.2% HCW showed better practices while 61.8% showed poor practices. Knowledge is significantly associated with virus transmission mode (p = 0.00), close contact (p = 0.000), protection from COVID-19 in triage area (p = 0.000), wearing PPE (p = 0.000) etc. Conclusion: Corona virus disease is a major challenge in resource limited countries. Healthcare workers showed relatively improved knowledge and practices regarding infection prevention and control in this COVID-19 Pandemic. Key words: Corona virus disease, Healthcare workers, Infection Prevention and Control, Knowledge, Practices Citation: Yasmin R, Hussain H, Abidi STF, Shah SAA, Kazmi TH, Hussain H. Knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: a COVID-19 pandemic experience. Anaesth pain intensive care 2020;24 (6):597-602 Received: 8 November 2020, Reviewed: 17 November 2020, Accepted: 19 November 2020

scholarly journals Cluster containment strategy: addressing Zika virus outbreak in Rajasthan, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh ◽  
Veenu Gupta ◽  
Bharti Malhotra ◽  
Sujeet Singh ◽  
P Ravindran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
North West ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Containment Strategy ◽  
The Government

India is at risk of Zika virus transmission due to high prevalence of its vector Aedes aegypti. Rajasthan, a state in the north-west region of India, has also high prevalence of Aedes mosquito. First laboratory confirmed case of Zika virus disease in Rajasthan was reported on 21 September 2018 in Jaipur. The Government of Rajasthan quickly implemented a containment strategy to contain the outbreak and prevent further spread of this disease. Strategy included active human and mosquito surveillance, laboratory testing and sequencing of the virus, integrated vector control measures, intersectoral coordination, risk communication and social mobilisation, all in a predefined geographic area around the epicentre. Timely action with appropriate coordination at all levels with multiple stakeholders contained the outbreak successfully. In all, 159 confirmed cases were reported from in and around the 3 km containment zone in Shastri Nagar area of Jaipur City and routine surveillance. Following this, a specially developed laboratory-based surveillance strategy was put in place to ensure that the disease does not spread beyond the containment zone. No fresh case was reported subsequently within or beyond the containment zone.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and transmission model of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. e25-e27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongming Wang ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Xiuquan Nie ◽  
Weihong Qiu ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics
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