Fluoride release from two types of fluoride-containing orthodontic adhesives: Conventional versus resin-modified glass ionomer cements—An in vitro study

Introduction Development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment is a common risk factor. Fixation of the orthodontic appliances with glass ionomer cements could reduce the prevalence of WSL’s due to their fluoride release capacities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences of fluoride release properties from resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs). Methods The resin-modified GICs Fuji ORTHO LC (GC Orthodontics), Meron Plus QM (VOCO), as well as the conventional GICs Fuji ORTHO (GC Orthodontics), Meron (VOCO) and Ketac Cem Easymix (3M ESPE) were tested in this study. The different types of GICs were applied to hydroxyapatite discs according to the manufacturer’s instructions and stored in a solution of TISAB III (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer III) and fluoride-free water at 37°C. Fluoride measurements were made after 5 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, 14 days, 28 days, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months. One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the overall comparison of the cumulative fluoride release (from measurement times of 5 minutes to 6 months) between the different materials with the overall level of significance set to 0.05. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for post hoc pairwise comparisons in the cumulative fluoride release between the different materials. Results The cumulative fluoride release (mean ± sd) in descending order was: Fuji ORTHO LC (221.7 ± 10.29 ppm), Fuji ORTHO (191.5 ± 15.03 ppm), Meron Plus QM (173.0 ± 5.89 ppm), Meron (161.3 ± 7.84 ppm) and Ketac Cem Easymix (154.6 ± 6.09 ppm) within 6 months. Analysis of variance detected a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release between at least two of the materials (rounded p-value < 0.001). Pairwise analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test showed a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release for all the comparisons except M and MPQM (p = 0.061) and KCE and M (p = 0.517). Conclusion Fluoride ions were released cumulatively over the entire test period for all products. When comparing the two products from the same company (Fuji ORTHO LC vs. Fuji ORTHO from GC Orthodontics Europe GmbH and Meron Plus QM vs. Meron from VOCO GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), it can be said that the resin-modified GICs have a higher release than conventional GICs. The highest individual fluoride release of all GICs was at 24 hours. A general statement, whether resin-modified or conventional GICs have a higher release of fluoride cannot be made.

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Fluoride Release from Two High-Viscosity Glass Ionomers after Exposure to Fluoride Slurry and Varnish

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12223760 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 3760

Author(s):

Hani M. Nassar ◽

Jeffrey A. Platt

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Vickers Microhardness ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Measurement Data ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Fluoride Content ◽

Fluoride Varnish ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer

The effect of brushing with different fluoride slurries on the fluoride release (FR) of different high-viscosity glass ionomer cements (GICs) was investigated. Fifty-eight discs were fabricated from two high-viscosity GICs (GC Fuji IX (F9) and 3M ESPE Ketac-fil (KF)). Five specimens from each brand were used to measure Vickers microhardness and the remaining were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 6) based on two-factor combinations: (1) fluoride concentration in the abrasive slurry (275 or 1250 ppm fluoride as NaF) and (2) immersion in a 22,500 ppm fluoride-containing solution. Specimens were brushed for a total of 20,000 strokes over 4 days with daily FR measurement. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Baseline FR and microhardness values were different between the two tested material brands. Exposure to a 22,500 ppm solution was associated with higher FR but not the exposure to 1250 ppm slurries. Brushing and immersion of glass ionomer cements in a 22,500 ppm F solution led to higher FR that was more sustained for KF. Type of the glass ionomer, progressive brushing, and fluoride varnish affected FR but not the fluoride content in the abrasive slurry.

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Effects of Incorporation of Marine Derived Hydroxyapatite on the Microhardness, Surface Roughness, and Fluoride Release of Two Glass-Ionomer Cements

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112211027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 11027

Author(s):

Maja Bilić-Prcić ◽

Ivan Šalinović ◽

Sevil Gurgan ◽

Uzay Koc Vural ◽

Silvana Jukić Krmek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

Test Results ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Experimental Glass ◽

Hardness Tester ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Post Hoc

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from cuttlefish bone on the microhardness, surface roughness (SR), and fluoride release (FR) of conventional cure, and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement. Methods: There were four groups for each tested material; experimental glass-ionomer were made by addition and of 2, 5, and 10 wt % HA respectively to conventional glass-ionomers Fuji II LC and Fuji IX GP Extra. One group was prepared without the addition of HA particles. For SR and microhardness measurements sectional Teflon molds (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm deep) were used to prepare 10 samples per group (n = 80). The samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 7 days prior to testing. The SR was measured using a contact type profilometer and the microhardness was determined using a Vickers micro-hardness tester at a load of 980 g for 15 s. For FR measurements, there were six samples per group (n = 48), prepared in Teflon molds (8 mm in diameter and 2 mm deep). The FR was measured with an ionoselective electrode in triplicates after 24 h, 7 days, and 45 days. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test. Results and Conclusion: Microhardness values obtained for Fuji II modified with 10 wt % HA were significantly higher compared to the other two groups tested. Comparison of materials with respect to SR showed significant difference between them (p < 0.0001) with Fuji II and Fuji IX modified with HA having higher SR values. Regarding FR, Fuji IX showed statistically significant higher results than Fuji II, independently of HA modification, and groups modified with 2 and 5 wt % HA showed significantly increased fluoride release in all three time points.

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Effect of insertion method on knoop hardness of high viscous glass ionomer cements

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402010000500011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 439-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Daniela Prócida Raggio ◽

Clarissa Calil Bonifácio ◽

Marcelo Bönecker ◽

José Carlos P. Imparato ◽

Anton J. de Gee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Liquid Paraffin ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Knoop Hardness ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Insertion Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glass Art ◽

Post Hoc

The aim of this study was to assess the Knoop hardness of three high viscous glass ionomer cements: G1 - Ketac Molar; G2 - Ketac Molar Easymix (3M ESPE) and G3 - Magic Glass ART (Vigodent). As a parallel goal, three different methods for insertion of Ketac Molar Easymix were tested: G4 - conventional spatula; G5 - commercial syringe (Centrix) and G6 - low-cost syringe. Ten specimens of each group were prepared and the Knoop hardness was determined 5 times on each specimen with a HM-124 hardness machine (25 g/30 s dwell time) after 24 h, 1 and 2 weeks. During the entire test period, the specimens were stored in liquid paraffin at 37ºC. Significant differences were found between G3 and G1/G2 (two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test; p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the results among the multiple ways of insertion. The glass ionomer cement Magic Glass ART showed the lowest hardness, while the insertion technique had no significant influence on hardness.

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Orthodontic cements: immediate protection and fluoride release

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512012000400010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. e1-e5

Author(s):

Rogério Lacerda dos Santos ◽

Matheus Melo Pithon ◽

Júlia Barbosa Pereira Leonardo ◽

Edna Lúcia Couto Oberosler ◽

Delmo Santiago Vaitsman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Fluoride Varnish ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Selective Electrode ◽

Group V ◽

Cem Cement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Uptake And Release

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the authors was to evaluate fluoride release of 3 glass ionomer cements with immediate protection of fluoride varnish (Cavitine, SS White), divided into 3 groups: Group M (Meron, VOCO), Group V (Vidrion C, SS White) and Group KC (Ketac-Cem, 3M ESPE). METHODS: Fluoride release was measured during 60 days by means of an ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. After 4 weeks, the test specimens were exposed to a solution of 0.221% sodium fluoride (1000 ppm of fluoride). RESULTS: Results showed that the cements reached a maximum peak of fluoride release in a period of 24 h. There was a statistically significant difference between the amount of fluoride released after the applications of fluoride among the groups from the 31st to 60th day (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Vidrion C and Meron cements showed better performance to uptake and release fluoride when compared with Ketac-Cem cement.

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The Effect of Bleach Liquid and Household Cleaner on Surface Hardness and Roughness of Acrylic Base of Orthodontic Appliances

Journal of Isfahan Dental School ◽

10.18502/ijds.v17i2.6876 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saeed Noorollahian ◽

Farinaz Shirban ◽

Vahid Mojiri

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Liquid Sodium ◽

P Value ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Acrylic Resins ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: The daily use of orthodontic removable plates can interfere with the self-cleansing function of the mouth. Although various techniques have been proposed for cleaning removable orthodontic appliances, there is no consensus on the use of a safe method that preserves the physical properties of the appliance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using hydrochloric acid (10%, for removal of mineral deposits) and sodium hypochlorite (5.25%, to remove organic matter and discolorations) on surface hardness and roughness of self-cure orthodontic acrylic resins. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional laboratory study was conducted in the fall of 2017 at Isfahan University of Medical science and Isfahan University of Technology. In this study two orthodontic acrylic resins (Orthocryl® and Acropars®) were used. Eighty samples (12×10×3 mm) from each one were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 20). Group 1: 15 minutes immersion in household cleaner liquid (Hydrochloric acid, 10%) followed by15 minutes immersion in household bleach liquid (Sodium Hypochlorite, 5.25%). In group 2, immersions were repeated just like group two times and in group 3, were done three times. Group 4 was as control and had no immersion. The surface hardness and roughness of samples were measured. Data were analyzed with Two Way ANOVA and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The number of immersion procedures did not significantly affect the surface hardness (p value = 0.958) and surface roughness (p value = 0.657) in the different study groups. There was no significant difference in the surface hardness between the two acrylic resin brands (p value = 0.077); however, Acropars acrylic resin samples exhibited significantly higher surface roughness compared to the Orthocryl acrylic resin samples(p value < 0.001). Conclusion: 15 minutes of immersion in 10% HCl, followed by 15 minutes of immersion in 5.25% NaOCl and repetition of the procedure three times did not significantly affect the surface hardness and roughness of self-cured acrylic resins.

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Positive correlation between fluoride release and acid erosion of restorative glass-ionomer cements

Dental Materials ◽

10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 135-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lígia S. Bueno ◽

Rafael M. Silva ◽

Ana Paula R. Magalhães ◽

Maria Fidela L. Navarro ◽

Renata C. Pascotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluoride Release ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Positive Correlation

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Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Flowable Composites and Glass Ionomer Cements to Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6694

Author(s):

Flavia Iaculli ◽

Alessandro Salucci ◽

Gianni Di Giorgio ◽

Valeria Luzzi ◽

Gaetano Ierardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Flowable Composites

Background: Conventional composites are largely used in pediatric restorative dentistry and demonstrate successful clinical outcomes. However, the need for simplification of operative steps in young or uncooperative children demands reliable alternatives. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the in vitro bond strength of glass ionomer cements (GICs) and self-adhesive flowable composites (SFCs) on deciduous teeth. Methods: A comprehensive literature search according to the PRISMA checklist was manually and electronically performed by two independent reviewers through the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase, to include in vitro studies comparing GICs and SFCs bond strength values of restorations on primary teeth. In addition, three groups of meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. Results: Three articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and subjected to both qualitative and quantitative assessment. No statistically significant difference was found between SFC versus GIC; however, both groups significantly differed with conventional flowable composites (CFs). Conclusions: Despite the absence of significant difference in bond strength values, SFCs may be considered a valid alternative to GICs in the restoration of deciduous teeth, although CFs proved better in vitro performances.

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The Effect of the Bioactive Glass and the Er:YAG Laser on the Remineralization of the Affected Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.34172/jlms.2020.27 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 160-166

Author(s):

Mohammad Javad Moghaddas ◽

Horieh Moosavi ◽

Sara Yaghoubirad ◽

Nasim Chiniforush

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Dentinal Tubule ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Cavity Floor

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the bioactive glass, the glass ionomer, and the Erbium YAG laser as liners on the remineralization of the affected dentin. Methods: The present study was conducted on 64 healthy extracted human molars divided into 4 groups, 1 control group and 3 experimental groups. After artificially inducing dentinal caries lesions, each of the experimental groups was applied to the cavity floor and then restored with a composite. The samples were stored after thermocycling in an incubator for two months. Finally, the hardness of the cavity floor was measured at 3 depths of 20, 50 and 100 μm by the Vickers microhardness tester. The dentin conditions underneath the liners were also evaluated with FESEM. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Games-Howell test (P<0.05). Results: Among the groups, the lowest microhardness value was in the control group (P<0.05) except at a depth of 100 μm; therefore, there was no significant difference between the control group and the bioactive glass (P>0.05). The laser group had the highest microhardness value, which was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the laser and bioactive glass (P<0.05), except at a depth of 20 μm. The laser and glass ionomer had only a significant difference at a depth of 100 μm (P<0.05). The microhardness value induced by glass ionomer was higher than bioactive glass, which in no depth was significant (P>0.05). Partial dentinal tubule occlusion was observed with FESEM in each of the experimental groups as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The microhardness values were higher in all groups than in the control group. The laser might be more successful in remineralization than the other ones.

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Effect of Three Clinical Curing Treatments on Fluoride Release and Surface Hardness of Glass-Ionomer Cements

The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry ◽

10.11607/prd.3100 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. e197-e203 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dimitrios Dionysopoulos ◽

Kosmas Tolidis ◽

Paris Gerasimou ◽

Thrasyvoulos Sfeikos

Keyword(s):

Surface Hardness ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer

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Dental Cements

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374880020010501 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 134-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D.C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Zinc Phosphate ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Laboratory Measurements ◽

Acid Dissolution ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Unchanged Form

The manifold uses of dental cements-as (a) luting agents, (b) cavity linings and bases, and (c) restorations for teeth—make them perhaps the most important materials in clinical dentistry. The research of the last 10 years has resulted in four main types, classified by matrix-forming species: (1) phosphate, (2) phenolate, (3) polycarboxylate, and (4) polymethacrylate. The zinc phosphate cements continue to be widely used for luting in an essentially unchanged form. Acidity and oral dissolution remain as problems. The zinc-oxide eugenol cements and their modifications are useful as linings and temporary materials but are susceptible to hydrolytic breakdown. Vanillate cements may be an improvement. Calcium hydroxide-salicylate cements are widely used as cavity linings, especially on exposures, and show improved resistance to acid dissolution. Polycarboxylate cements as both zinc polycarboxylate and glass-ionomer cements show adhesion potential, good physical properties, fluoride release, and, generally, good biological properties. Glass-ionomer cements when correctly manipulated show minimal oral dissolution. Polymethacrylate cements have been used principally for bonding etched cast metal restorations to etched enamel. Recently, adhesive crown-and-bridge cements have been developed. There are no well-established correlations between laboratory measurements of apparently relevant properties and clinical performance. More clinically-based research is needed to facilitate the development of new cements.

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