scholarly journals Simulating the next steps in badger control for bovine tuberculosis in England

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248426
Author(s):  
Graham C. Smith ◽  
Richard Budgey
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Badger Vaccination ◽  
The Uk

Industry-led culling of badgers has occurred in England to reduce the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle for a number of years. Badger vaccination is also possible, and a move away from culling was “highly desirable” in a recent report to the UK government. Here we used an established simulation model to examine badger control option in a post-cull environment in England. These options included no control, various intermittent culling, badger vaccination and use of a vaccine combined with fertility control. The initial simulated cull led to a dramatic reduction in the number of infected badgers present, which increased slowly if there was no further badger management. All three approaches led to a further reduction in the number of infected badgers, with little to choose between the strategies. We do note that of the management strategies only vaccination on its own leads to a recovery of the badger population, but also an increase in the number of badgers that need to be vaccinated. We conclude that vaccination post-cull, appears to be particularly effective, compared to vaccination when the host population is at carrying capacity.

A simulation model for the spread of bovine tuberculosis within New Zealand cattle herds

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Barlow ◽  
J.M. Kean ◽  
G. Hickling ◽  
P.G. Livingstone ◽  
A.B. Robson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals National survey of feasibility of NIV trials for management of children with bronchiolitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000780
Author(s):  
Anna Rosala-Hallas ◽  
Ashley P Jones ◽  
Emma Bedson ◽  
Vanessa Compton ◽  
Ricardo M Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Management ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work

BackgroundBronchiolitis is a major cause of admission to hospital in children. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) support with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen is routinely used for infants in the UK with bronchiolitis.ObjectiveTo establish UK paediatric practice regarding management of bronchiolitis, and to explore issues pertinent to the design of a potential future randomised controlled trial of NIV.DesignScreening logs were completed in hospitals in England capturing information on paediatric bronchiolitis admissions. An online national survey of clinical practice was disseminated to healthcare professionals (HCPs) across the UK to ascertain current management strategies.ResultsScreening logs captured data on 393 infants from 8 hospitals. Reasons for admission were most commonly respiratory distress and/or poor fluid intake. Oxygen was administered for 54% of admissions. Respiratory (CPAP and HFNC) and non-respiratory support administered varied considerably. The national survey was completed by 111 HCPs from 76 hospitals. Data were obtained on criteria used to commence and wean NIV, responsibilities for altering NIV settings, minimum training requirements for staff managing a child on NIV, and numbers of trained staff. Most centres were interested in and capable of running a trial of NIV, even out of normal office hours.ConclusionsRespiratory and non-respiratory management of bronchiolitis in UK centres varies widely. A trial of HFNC oxygen therapy in this group of patients is feasible and HCPs would be willing to randomise patients into such a trial. Future work should focus on defining trial eligibility criteria.

scholarly journals Public health impact of low-dose aspirin on colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease and safety in the UK – Results from micro-simulation model

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 100851
Author(s):  
Jorne Biccler ◽  
Kaatje Bollaerts ◽  
Pareen Vora ◽  
Elodie Sole ◽  
Luis Alberto Garcia Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
The Uk

Forest management strategies for dealing with fire-related uncertainty when managing two forest seral stages

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Savage ◽  
David L. Martell ◽  
B. Mike Wotton
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Minimum Area ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Planning Models

Ecological values are an important aspect of sustainable forest management, but little attention has been paid to maintaining these values when using traditional linear programming (LP) forest management planning models in uncertain planning environments. We embedded an LP planning model that specifies when and how much to harvest in a simulation model of a “managed” flammable forest landscape. The simulation model was used to evaluate two strategies for dealing with fire-related uncertainty when managing mature and old forest areas. The two seral stage areas were constrained in the LP planning model to a minimum of 10% of the total forest area and the strategies were evaluated under four representative fire regimes. We also developed a risk analysis tool that can be used by forest managers that wish to incorporate fire-related uncertainty in their decision-making. We found that use of the LP model would reduce the areas of the mature and old forest to their lower bound and fire would further reduce the seral areas below those levels, particularly when the mean annual burn fraction exceeds 0.45% per annum. Increasing the minimum area required (i.e., the right-hand side of the constraint) would increase the likelihood of satisfying the minimum area requirements.

The Hidden Half: Linking microbial communities to habitat condition and vegetation management in UK blanket bogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Burn ◽  
Andreas Heinemeyer ◽  
Thorunn Helgason ◽  
David Glaves ◽  
Michael Morecroft
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Habitat Condition ◽  
Blanket Bog ◽  
The Uk

<p>Peatlands are globally valued for the ecosystem services they deliver, including water quality regulation and carbon sequestration. In the UK, blanket bogs are the main peatland habitat and previous work has linked blanket bog management, especially rotational burning of heather vegetation on grousemoors, to impacts on these ecosystem services. However, we still lack a mechanistic, process-level understanding of how peatland management and habitat status is linked to ecosystem service provision, which is mostly driven by soil microbial processes.</p><p>Here we examine bacterial and fungal communities across a spectrum of “intact” to degraded UK blanket bogs and under different vegetation management strategies. Sites included grousemoors under burnt and alternative mown or uncut management along with further locations including 'near intact', degraded and restored sites across a UK climatic gradient ranging from Exmoor (South UK), the Peak District (Mid) to the Flow Country (North). Moreover, an experiment was setup at the University of York with peat mesocosms taken from all sites and management/habitat conditions to allow a comparison between field and controlled conditions and assessing root-mediated processes. Using a structural equation model, we linked grousemoor management to specific fungal/bacterial functional groups, and have started to relate this to changes in water quality provision and carbon cycle aspects. This represents a significant step in the effort to use microbial communities as indicators of peatland habitat condition in UK upland blanket bogs. </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Insight into surgical outcomes of post infarct-ventricular septal defect repair through a 23-years retrospective study-invited commentary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doniparthi Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Adult Cardiac Surgery

The authors present an excellent retrograde analysis of a rare condition of a phenomenal number of cases and their surgical outcomes. A majority of the studies in published literature are anecdotal case reports which are a rare and dreadful entity. A comprehensive countrywide view of the UK National Adult Cardiac Surgery Audit database is presented in this study. This study represents the changing trends in the risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes of ventricular septal rupture for over 23 years in a nutshell.

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