scholarly journals Evaluation of the S-locus in Prunus domestica, characterization, phylogeny and 3D modelling

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251305
Author(s):  
Angel Fernandez i Marti ◽  
Sarah Castro ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong ◽  
Richard S. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Alleles

Self-compatibility has become the primary objective of most prune (Prunus domestica) breeding programs in order to avoid the problems related to the gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system present in this crop. GSI is typically under the control of a specific locus., known as the S-locus., which contains at least two genes. The first gene encodes glycoproteins with RNase activity in the pistils., and the second is an SFB gene expressed in the pollen. There is limited information on genetics of SI/SC in prune and in comparison., with other Prunus species, cloning., sequencing and discovery of different S-alleles is very scarce. Clear information about S-alleles can be used for molecular identification and characterization of the S-haplotypes. We determined the S-alleles of 36 cultivars and selections using primers that revealed 17 new alleles. In addition, our study describes for the first time the association and design of a molecular marker for self-compatibility in P. domestica. Our phylogenetic tree showed that the S-alleles are spread across the phylogeny, suggesting that like previous alleles detected in the Rosaceae., they were of trans-specific origin. We provide for the first time 3D models for the P. domestica SI RNase alleles as well as in other Prunus species, including P. salicina (Japanese plum), P. avium (cherry), P. armeniaca (apricot), P. cerasifera and P. spinosa.

scholarly journals Characterization of S haplotype in a new self-compatible Brassica rapa cultivar Dahuangyoucai

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
C. Ma ◽  
D. Yin ◽  
W. Zhu ◽  
C. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Species ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
S Locus ◽  
S Haplotype ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Female Determinant ◽  
First Time ◽  
S Locus Glycoprotein ◽  
Signalling Cascade

The most important Brassica species, B. rapa, is naturally self-incompatible. Self-compatible mutants would be useful for dissecting the molecular mechanism of self-incompatibility (SI), a process that promotes outcrossing by recognizing and refusing self-pollens. The S haplotype in a new self-compatible B. rapa cultivar, Dahuangyoucai, was characterized for the first time in this study. Sequence analysis of the S-locus genes, SLG (S-locus glycoprotein), SRK (S-locus receptor kinase) and SCR (S-locus cysteine-rich protein) revealed that Dahuangyoucai contained S haplotype highly similar to S-f2, a non-functional class I S haplotype identified in another self-compatible B. rapa cultivar, Yellow Sarson. Mutations of MLPK (M-locus protein kinase) and non-transcription of the male determinant, SCR, were observed in this cultivar, which is similar to the situation reported in Yellow Sarson. With respect to the female determinant, SRK, no transcript was detected in Yellow Sarson but two fragments were detected in Dahuangyoucai. One fragment was highly similar to SRK-f2, but the other fragment was different from the signal factors previously identified in the SI reaction. The results suggest that Dahuangyoucai and Yellow Sarson have the same origin and a similar mechanism of self-compatibility, but diverge after mutations in SRK, SCR and MLPK. Further studying the self-compatibility of Dahuangyoucai might identify novel factors involved in the SI signalling cascade and provide new insights into the mechanisms of SI in Brassicaceae.

GISH characterization of Erianthus arundinaceus chromosomes in three generations of sugarcane intergeneric hybrids

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Piperidis ◽  
Jian-wen Chen ◽  
Hai-hua Deng ◽  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Phillip Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Chromosome Transmission ◽  
Long Time ◽  
First Time

Within Erianthus , a genus close to Saccharum , the species E. arundinaceus has the potential to contribute valuable traits to sugarcane, including adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses and ratooning ability. Sugarcane breeders have tried for a long time to use Erianthus species in their breeding programs but until recently were constrained by a lack of fertile Saccharum × Erianthus hybrids. We report here for the first time the chromosome composition of fertile Saccharum officinarum  × E. arundinaceus F1, BC1 (F1 × sugarcane cultivar), and BC2 (BC1 × sugarcane cultivar) hybrids. The F1 and BC2 resulted from n + n chromosome transmission, while the BC1 resulted from 2n + n transmission. In the BC1 clones, the number of E. arundinaceus chromosomes ranged from 21 to 30, and in the BC2 clones, the number ranged from 14 to 15, revealing cases of chromosome loss. No recombination events between Saccharum and Erianthus chromosomes were observed in either the BC1 or BC2 clones. The implications of these results for introgression of genes from E. arundinaceus in sugarcane breeding programs are discussed. We propose a strategy to identify the agronomic value of chromosomes from E. arundinaceus and to conduct targeted breeding based on this information.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Self-Incompatibility Locus Diversity of Domestic Plum (Prunus Domestica L.) using DNA-Based S-Genotyping

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irita Kota-Dombrovska ◽  
Gunārs Lācis
Keyword(s):  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Incompatibility Locus

There is limited information on genetics of self-incompatibility in domestic plum (P. domestica L.). In comparison with other Prunus species, there are no S-allele specific markers for the identification of compatibility groups, and thus, genetic diversity of self-compatibility genes is not clear. Six S-locus-specific markers previously used for other Prunus species were used to study genetics of self-compatibility of plums, and 33 domestic plum cultivars were genotyped. The applied primer pairs showed good transferability among Prunus species and showed high diversity in the tested plant material (14-37 alleles per marker, average observed heterozygocity - 0.953). Applification of the tested primer pairs allowed discrimination of all plum cultivars by unique S-genotypes. Based on the obtained results, primer pairs EM-PC2consFD/ EM-PC3cons RD, PasPcons-F1/ PaC1cons-R1 and F-Box50A/ F-Box intronR are suggested as supplementary markers for characterisation and identification of plum germplasm with potential functional relevance. Although the markers used did not strictly distinguish plum cultivars according to compatibility groups (selfcompatible, partly self-compatible and self-incompatible), group-unique amplification fragments were identified, which can serve as a baseline in further development of specific markers.

scholarly journals Novel Insights into Anthocyanin Metabolism and Molecular Characterization of Associated Genes in Sugarcane Rinds Using the Metabolome and Transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Muhammad Junaid Rao ◽  
Mingzheng Duan ◽  
Mingchong Yang ◽  
Hongzeng Fan ◽  
Songhao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Myb Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
First Time

Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) is the fifth major cultivated crop around the world. Sugarcane rind is a promising source for anthocyanin pigments; however, limited information is available on the anthocyanin and its biosynthesis in sugarcane rinds. In this study, we have quantified 49 compounds including 6 flavonoids and 43 anthocyanins in the rind of 6 sugarcane cultivars by using LCMS/MS approach. Thirty of them were quantified for the first time in sugarcane. The 43 anthocyanins included 10 cyanidin (Cya), 11 pelargonidin (Pel), 9 peonidin (Peo), 5 malvidin (Mal), 4 delphinidin (Del), and 4 petunidin (Pet) metabolites. High contents of Cya derivatives were observed in the rind of YT71/210 (dark purple rind), such as cya-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glu 1283.3 µg/g and cya-3-O-glu 482.67 µg/g followed by ROC22 (red rind) 821.3 µg/g and 409 µg/g, respectively, whereas the YT93/159 (green rind) showed a minimum level of these compounds. Among six cultivars, ROC22 rind has high levels of Peo derivatives such as peo-3-O-glu (197 µg/g), peo-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glu (69 µg/g) and peo-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-glu (55.17 µg/g). The gene expression analysis revealed that some genes, including a MYB(t) gene, were highly associated with the color phenotype. Thus, we cloned and overexpressed the gene in Arabidopsis and found the pinkish brown color in the hypocotyl of all transgenic lines compared with the wild type. Hence, we have quantified a wide range of anthocyanins in major sugarcane cultivars, reported many new anthocyanins for the first time, and concluded that Cya and Peo derivatives are the major contributing factor of dissimilar colors in sugarcane. The finding and the verification of a novel MYB gene involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have demonstrated that our study was very valuable for gene discovery and genetic improvement of sugarcane cultivars to harvest high anthocyanin contents.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of grapevine from Santa Catarina, Brazil, using microsatellite markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ruzza Schuck ◽  
Flavia Maia Moreira ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra ◽  
José Afonso Voltolini ◽  
Maria Stella Grando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
First Time ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Simple Sequence

The objective of this work was to characterize the grape germplasm in Santa Catarina, Brazil, using microsatellite DNA markers (simple sequence repeats - SSR). The DNA samples were collected from leaves and shoots of accessions of public and private collections from the counties Urussanga, Nova Trento, Rodeio, São Joaquim, Campos Novos, Videira, and Água Doce. Ten SSR loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79, VVMD25, VVMD28, VVMD31, and VVMD32) were analysed by capillary electrophoresis. Molecular profiling was conducted for 190 grapevines (European, American, and hybrids), and 67 genotypes were obtained. The data were compared with each other and with those from the literature and from online databases, in order to identify varieties and discover cases of synonymy and homonymy. Forty molecular profiles corresponded to known varieties, while 27 genotypes were described for the first time. The existence of typical germplasm composed mainly of American and hybrid varieties is an important finding for local viticulture. Applications of the results rely on quality control and certification at the nursery level. Increasing precision in the characterization of grapevine genotypes may help breeding programs.

scholarly journals Screening and Morphological Characterization of Melons for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis Race 1.2

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hela Chikh-Rouhou ◽  
Rafael González-Torres ◽  
José María Alvarez ◽  
Ali Oumouloud
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

A total of 110 melon accessions with different geographical origins (18 countries) were screened for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 1.2 (pathotypes 1.2Y and 1.2W) using two artificial inoculation procedures. Twelve accessions showed some resistance to one or both strains. Three Japanese accessions, Shiro Uri Okayama (var. conomon), Kogane Nashi Makuwa, and C-211 (var. makuwa), and a Portuguese accession, BG-5384 (var. cantalupensis), showed the highest levels of resistance to both strains. The remaining eight accessions (all var. inodorus) had some level of partial resistance to 1.2W only. To our knowledge, this is the first time a high level of resistance to F. oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 1.2 has been identified in melon accessions of Western origin. The morphological traits of the 12 accessions that showed partial resistance were characterized to assess their suitability as resistance sources in melon breeding programs. Because most of the Western commercial cultivars belong to the cantalupensis, reticulatus, or inodorus botanical varieties, the resistant accessions from these varieties seem to be the most useful sources of resistance in breeding programs for developing melon cultivars of these types resistant to fusarium wilt race 1.2. The Portuguese accession BG-5384 had a high level of resistance within the Western types, and its morphological characteristics were fairly similar to some of the Western commercial cultivars.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of TM6 MADS-box gene in the Octoploid Strawberry by CRISPR/Cas9 directed mutagenesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Martín-Pizarro ◽  
Juan Carlos Triviño ◽  
David Posé
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe B-class of MADS-box transcription factors has been studied in many plant species, but remain functionally uncharacterized in the Rosaceae family. APETALA3 (AP3), a member of this class, controls the identity of petals and stamens in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we identified two members of the AP3 lineage in the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa): FaAP3 and FaTM6. Interestingly, FaTM6, and not FaAP3, shows an expression pattern equivalent to that of AP3 in Arabidopsis. Genome editing using Cluster Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is becoming a robust tool for targeted and stable mutagenesis of DNA. However, whether it can be efficiently used in an octoploid species such as F. × ananassa is not known. Here we report for the first time the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in F. × ananassa to characterize the function of FaTM6 in flower development. An exhaustive analysis by high-throughput sequencing of the FaTM6 locus spanning the target sites showed a high efficiency genome editing already in the T0 generation. The phenotypic characterization of the mutant lines indicates that FaTM6 plays a key role in petal and especially in anther development in strawberry. in an octoploid species such as F. × ananassa, and offer new opportunities for engineering strawberry to improve traits of interest in breeding programs.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Cissus Aralioides.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balogun Olaoye Solomon ◽  
Ajayi Olukayode Solomon ◽  
Owolabi Temitayo Abidemi ◽  
Oladimeji Abdulkarbir Oladele ◽  
Liu Zhiqiang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chromatographic Purification ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

: Cissus aralioides is a medicinal plant used in sub-Saharan Africa for treatment of infectious diseases; however the chemical constituents of the plant have not been investigated. Thus, in this study, attempt was made at identifying predominant phytochemical constituents of the plant through chromatographic purification and silylation of the plant extract, and subsequent characterization using spectroscopic and GC-MS techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) for the antibacterial activities of the plant extract, chromatographic fractions and isolated compounds were also examined. Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate fraction from the whole plant afforded three compounds: β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2) and friedelin (3). The phytosterols (1 and 2) were obtained together as a mixture. The GC-MS analysis of silylated extract indicated alcohols, fatty acids and sugars as predominant classes, with composition of 24.62, 36.90 and 26.52% respectively. Results of MICs indicated that friedelin and other chromatographic fractions had values (0.0626-1.0 mg/mL) comparable with the standard antibiotics used. Characterization of natural products from C. aralioides is being reported for the first time in this study.

Green Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Ag-rGO Nanocomposites for Highly Selective Mercury (II) Sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhangi J. Mane-Gavade ◽  
Sandip R. Sabale ◽  
Xiao-Ying Yu ◽  
Gurunath H. Nikam ◽  
Bhaskar V. Tamhankar
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Calibration Plot ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Herein we report the green synthesis and characterization of silverreduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag-rGO) using Acacia nilotica gum for the first time. Experimental: We demonstrate the Hg2+ ions sensing ability of the Ag-rGO nanocomposites form aqueous medium. The developed colorimetric sensor method is simple, fast and selective for the detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous media in presence of other associated ions. A significant color change was noticed with naked eye upon Hg2+ addition. The color change was not observed for cations including Sr2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Ba2+ and Mn2+indicating that only Hg2+ shows a strong interaction with Ag-rGO nanocomposites. Under the most suitable condition, the calibration plot (A0-A) against concentration of Hg2+ was linear in the range of 0.1-1.0 ppm with a correlation coefficient (R2) value 0.9998. Results & Conclusion The concentration of Hg2+ was quantitatively determined with the Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.85 ppm. Also, this method shows excellent selectivity towards Hg2+ over nine other cations tested. Moreover, the method offers a new cost effective, rapid and simple approach for the detection of Hg2+ in water samples.

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