GISH characterization of Erianthus arundinaceus chromosomes in three generations of sugarcane intergeneric hybrids

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Piperidis ◽  
Jian-wen Chen ◽  
Hai-hua Deng ◽  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Phillip Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Chromosome Transmission ◽  
Long Time ◽  
First Time

Within Erianthus , a genus close to Saccharum , the species E. arundinaceus has the potential to contribute valuable traits to sugarcane, including adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses and ratooning ability. Sugarcane breeders have tried for a long time to use Erianthus species in their breeding programs but until recently were constrained by a lack of fertile Saccharum × Erianthus hybrids. We report here for the first time the chromosome composition of fertile Saccharum officinarum  × E. arundinaceus F1, BC1 (F1 × sugarcane cultivar), and BC2 (BC1 × sugarcane cultivar) hybrids. The F1 and BC2 resulted from n + n chromosome transmission, while the BC1 resulted from 2n + n transmission. In the BC1 clones, the number of E. arundinaceus chromosomes ranged from 21 to 30, and in the BC2 clones, the number ranged from 14 to 15, revealing cases of chromosome loss. No recombination events between Saccharum and Erianthus chromosomes were observed in either the BC1 or BC2 clones. The implications of these results for introgression of genes from E. arundinaceus in sugarcane breeding programs are discussed. We propose a strategy to identify the agronomic value of chromosomes from E. arundinaceus and to conduct targeted breeding based on this information.

scholarly journals d-Amino Acids in Plants: Sources, Metabolism, and Functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5421
Author(s):  
Üner Kolukisaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
First Time ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Although plants are permanently exposed to d-amino acids (d-AAs) in the rhizosphere, these compounds were for a long time regarded as generally detrimental, due to their inhibitory effects on plant growth. Recent studies showed that this statement needs a critical revision. There were several reports of active uptake by and transport of d-AAs in plants, leading to the question whether these processes happened just as side reactions or even on purpose. The identification and characterization of various transporter proteins and enzymes in plants with considerable affinities or specificities for d-AAs also pointed in the direction of their targeted uptake and utilization. This attracted more interest, as d-AAs were shown to be involved in different physiological processes in plants. Especially, the recent characterization of d-AA stimulated ethylene production in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed for the first time a physiological function for a specific d-AA and its metabolizing enzyme in plants. This finding opened the question regarding the physiological or developmental contexts in which d-AA stimulated ethylene synthesis are involved in. This question and the ones about the transport characteristics of d-AAs, their metabolism, and their different physiological effects, are the focus of this review.

scholarly journals Novel Insights into Anthocyanin Metabolism and Molecular Characterization of Associated Genes in Sugarcane Rinds Using the Metabolome and Transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Muhammad Junaid Rao ◽  
Mingzheng Duan ◽  
Mingchong Yang ◽  
Hongzeng Fan ◽  
Songhao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Myb Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
First Time

Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) is the fifth major cultivated crop around the world. Sugarcane rind is a promising source for anthocyanin pigments; however, limited information is available on the anthocyanin and its biosynthesis in sugarcane rinds. In this study, we have quantified 49 compounds including 6 flavonoids and 43 anthocyanins in the rind of 6 sugarcane cultivars by using LCMS/MS approach. Thirty of them were quantified for the first time in sugarcane. The 43 anthocyanins included 10 cyanidin (Cya), 11 pelargonidin (Pel), 9 peonidin (Peo), 5 malvidin (Mal), 4 delphinidin (Del), and 4 petunidin (Pet) metabolites. High contents of Cya derivatives were observed in the rind of YT71/210 (dark purple rind), such as cya-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glu 1283.3 µg/g and cya-3-O-glu 482.67 µg/g followed by ROC22 (red rind) 821.3 µg/g and 409 µg/g, respectively, whereas the YT93/159 (green rind) showed a minimum level of these compounds. Among six cultivars, ROC22 rind has high levels of Peo derivatives such as peo-3-O-glu (197 µg/g), peo-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glu (69 µg/g) and peo-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-glu (55.17 µg/g). The gene expression analysis revealed that some genes, including a MYB(t) gene, were highly associated with the color phenotype. Thus, we cloned and overexpressed the gene in Arabidopsis and found the pinkish brown color in the hypocotyl of all transgenic lines compared with the wild type. Hence, we have quantified a wide range of anthocyanins in major sugarcane cultivars, reported many new anthocyanins for the first time, and concluded that Cya and Peo derivatives are the major contributing factor of dissimilar colors in sugarcane. The finding and the verification of a novel MYB gene involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have demonstrated that our study was very valuable for gene discovery and genetic improvement of sugarcane cultivars to harvest high anthocyanin contents.

scholarly journals Cherry breeding in the world: current analysis and future perspectives

Italus Hortus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
José Quero Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Private Actors

Modern cherry breeding is relatively recent, as compared to other major crops. Nevertheless, in the last 30 years, numerous cultivars have been released, which has contributed to a significant increase in cherry production. The most important public breeding programs launched during the XXth century remain still active and new programs emerge in countries such as Chile, China or Spain. More recently, private actors are playing an increasingly important role, in particular those located in California, which conduct breeding preferentially for early-maturing and low-chilling cultivars. Nevertheless, cherry production faces significant threats, either related to the consequences of the global climate change (and in particular to the global warming) or to the emergence of new pest and diseases (such as for example the fly Drosophila suzukii). Hence, breeder have to incorporate new traits into their selection schemes, on top of the traditional and unavoidable ones, such as productivity, fruit size and firmness, tasting quality, etc. However, because of specific characteristics and of the length of the juvenility period, breeding has been traditionally limited to a rather narrow genetic base. Thus, it might not be straightforward to find interesting alleles in the breeder’ portfolios for traits of adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses. For this reason, the preservation and characterization of germplasm resources should be considered as an urgent priority. With the recent technological developments in the area of molecular biology and bioinformatics, the use of DNA-based information, through molecular marker-assisted selection approaches, has become a reality for cherry breeder. Although important research efforts are still needed in order to disentangle the genetic determinism of the main traits of agronomic interest, these methodologies allow already significant reductions in the breeding costs. In this paper, the major goals and methodologies currently considered by sweet cherry breeder will be reviewed, and perspectives with regards to new directions and needs will be briefly developed.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Ty1-copia retrotransposons in Saccharum officinarum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Yongji Huang ◽  
Xianglin Wu ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Background. Saccharum officinarum is the most significant resource for sugar and high-yield genes in sugarcane breeding programs. However, the unknown information of evolution and genome organization remain largely in the sugarcane, which has limited progress in sugarcane breeding. Retrotransposons occupy a large proportion of the plant genome; therefore, characterization of Ty1-copia retrotransposons will improve understanding of the evolution and organization of plant genomes. Methods. The present study isolated conserved domains of Ty1-copia retrotransposon-encoded reverse transcriptase genes from S. officinarum to characterize their phylogenetic diversity, genomic abundance, and chromosomal distribution. Results. In total, 42 Ty1-copia reverse transcriptase sequences with 35-100% similarity and high levels of heterogeneity were obtained. Of them, 11 (26%) were disrupted by stop codons and/or frameshift mutations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed these sequences could be split into four distinct evolutionary lineages (Tork/TAR, Tork/Angela, Sire/Maximus, and Retrofit/Ale). Dot blot analysis showed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons represent a significant portion of the S. officinarum genome, with copy numbers as high as 1.7 × 105. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons were dispersed within heterochromatic regions among all S. officinarum chromosomes, with around 30 obvious signals clustering in terminal regions. However, Ty1-copia retrotransposons were not found in nucleolar organizing regions of 45S rDNA. Discussion. These results serve to enhance our understanding of the chromosomal distribution and evolution of the S. officinarum genome as well as promote possible utilization of retrotransposons in sugarcane breeding programs.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of grapevine from Santa Catarina, Brazil, using microsatellite markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ruzza Schuck ◽  
Flavia Maia Moreira ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra ◽  
José Afonso Voltolini ◽  
Maria Stella Grando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
First Time ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Simple Sequence

The objective of this work was to characterize the grape germplasm in Santa Catarina, Brazil, using microsatellite DNA markers (simple sequence repeats - SSR). The DNA samples were collected from leaves and shoots of accessions of public and private collections from the counties Urussanga, Nova Trento, Rodeio, São Joaquim, Campos Novos, Videira, and Água Doce. Ten SSR loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79, VVMD25, VVMD28, VVMD31, and VVMD32) were analysed by capillary electrophoresis. Molecular profiling was conducted for 190 grapevines (European, American, and hybrids), and 67 genotypes were obtained. The data were compared with each other and with those from the literature and from online databases, in order to identify varieties and discover cases of synonymy and homonymy. Forty molecular profiles corresponded to known varieties, while 27 genotypes were described for the first time. The existence of typical germplasm composed mainly of American and hybrid varieties is an important finding for local viticulture. Applications of the results rely on quality control and certification at the nursery level. Increasing precision in the characterization of grapevine genotypes may help breeding programs.

scholarly journals Characterization of Advanced Tilling and Its Application in Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tilling Population ◽  
Genomic Approach ◽  
Local Lesions

Among all the fibre crops, cotton is most important economic fibre crop. It is known as white gold because it contributes in the economic, industrial and agricultural sectors. In GDP, it contributes to about 1.6% and have share 7.8% in agricultural products. Pakistan is ranked 5th in world in term of consumption and has 4th in term of total cotton production in 2015-2016. The seed cotton yield and production are stagnant for more than decade in Pakistan, biotic and abiotic stresses are considered as major reasons of this stagnancy. Mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement. In breeding programs, mutation is an important tool for creating the variations. Powerful reverse genetic strategies allow the detection of induced point mutation. TILLING (Target Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) is genomic approach which is used for the screening of mutant and germplasm collection for the for the allelic variant in targeted gene. This kind of research explores an advanced TILLING population for various parameters. The main advantage of TILLING is that this technique can be used for any plant species, irrespective of its genome size, ploidy level and method of propagation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the S-locus in Prunus domestica, characterization, phylogeny and 3D modelling

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251305
Author(s):  
Angel Fernandez i Marti ◽  
Sarah Castro ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong ◽  
Richard S. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Alleles

Self-compatibility has become the primary objective of most prune (Prunus domestica) breeding programs in order to avoid the problems related to the gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system present in this crop. GSI is typically under the control of a specific locus., known as the S-locus., which contains at least two genes. The first gene encodes glycoproteins with RNase activity in the pistils., and the second is an SFB gene expressed in the pollen. There is limited information on genetics of SI/SC in prune and in comparison., with other Prunus species, cloning., sequencing and discovery of different S-alleles is very scarce. Clear information about S-alleles can be used for molecular identification and characterization of the S-haplotypes. We determined the S-alleles of 36 cultivars and selections using primers that revealed 17 new alleles. In addition, our study describes for the first time the association and design of a molecular marker for self-compatibility in P. domestica. Our phylogenetic tree showed that the S-alleles are spread across the phylogeny, suggesting that like previous alleles detected in the Rosaceae., they were of trans-specific origin. We provide for the first time 3D models for the P. domestica SI RNase alleles as well as in other Prunus species, including P. salicina (Japanese plum), P. avium (cherry), P. armeniaca (apricot), P. cerasifera and P. spinosa.

scholarly journals Screening and Morphological Characterization of Melons for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis Race 1.2

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hela Chikh-Rouhou ◽  
Rafael González-Torres ◽  
José María Alvarez ◽  
Ali Oumouloud
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

A total of 110 melon accessions with different geographical origins (18 countries) were screened for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 1.2 (pathotypes 1.2Y and 1.2W) using two artificial inoculation procedures. Twelve accessions showed some resistance to one or both strains. Three Japanese accessions, Shiro Uri Okayama (var. conomon), Kogane Nashi Makuwa, and C-211 (var. makuwa), and a Portuguese accession, BG-5384 (var. cantalupensis), showed the highest levels of resistance to both strains. The remaining eight accessions (all var. inodorus) had some level of partial resistance to 1.2W only. To our knowledge, this is the first time a high level of resistance to F. oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 1.2 has been identified in melon accessions of Western origin. The morphological traits of the 12 accessions that showed partial resistance were characterized to assess their suitability as resistance sources in melon breeding programs. Because most of the Western commercial cultivars belong to the cantalupensis, reticulatus, or inodorus botanical varieties, the resistant accessions from these varieties seem to be the most useful sources of resistance in breeding programs for developing melon cultivars of these types resistant to fusarium wilt race 1.2. The Portuguese accession BG-5384 had a high level of resistance within the Western types, and its morphological characteristics were fairly similar to some of the Western commercial cultivars.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of TM6 MADS-box gene in the Octoploid Strawberry by CRISPR/Cas9 directed mutagenesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Martín-Pizarro ◽  
Juan Carlos Triviño ◽  
David Posé
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe B-class of MADS-box transcription factors has been studied in many plant species, but remain functionally uncharacterized in the Rosaceae family. APETALA3 (AP3), a member of this class, controls the identity of petals and stamens in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we identified two members of the AP3 lineage in the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa): FaAP3 and FaTM6. Interestingly, FaTM6, and not FaAP3, shows an expression pattern equivalent to that of AP3 in Arabidopsis. Genome editing using Cluster Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is becoming a robust tool for targeted and stable mutagenesis of DNA. However, whether it can be efficiently used in an octoploid species such as F. × ananassa is not known. Here we report for the first time the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in F. × ananassa to characterize the function of FaTM6 in flower development. An exhaustive analysis by high-throughput sequencing of the FaTM6 locus spanning the target sites showed a high efficiency genome editing already in the T0 generation. The phenotypic characterization of the mutant lines indicates that FaTM6 plays a key role in petal and especially in anther development in strawberry. in an octoploid species such as F. × ananassa, and offer new opportunities for engineering strawberry to improve traits of interest in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Ty1-copia retrotransposons in Saccharum officinarum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Yongji Huang ◽  
Xianglin Wu ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Background. Saccharum officinarum is the most significant resource for sugar and high-yield genes in sugarcane breeding programs. However, the unknown information of evolution and genome organization remain largely in the sugarcane, which has limited progress in sugarcane breeding. Retrotransposons occupy a large proportion of the plant genome; therefore, characterization of Ty1-copia retrotransposons will improve understanding of the evolution and organization of plant genomes. Methods. The present study isolated conserved domains of Ty1-copia retrotransposon-encoded reverse transcriptase genes from S. officinarum to characterize their phylogenetic diversity, genomic abundance, and chromosomal distribution. Results. In total, 42 Ty1-copia reverse transcriptase sequences with 35-100% similarity and high levels of heterogeneity were obtained. Of them, 11 (26%) were disrupted by stop codons and/or frameshift mutations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed these sequences could be split into four distinct evolutionary lineages (Tork/TAR, Tork/Angela, Sire/Maximus, and Retrofit/Ale). Dot blot analysis showed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons represent a significant portion of the S. officinarum genome, with copy numbers as high as 1.7 × 105. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons were dispersed within heterochromatic regions among all S. officinarum chromosomes, with around 30 obvious signals clustering in terminal regions. However, Ty1-copia retrotransposons were not found in nucleolar organizing regions of 45S rDNA. Discussion. These results serve to enhance our understanding of the chromosomal distribution and evolution of the S. officinarum genome as well as promote possible utilization of retrotransposons in sugarcane breeding programs.

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