scholarly journals Environmental stability of porcine respiratory coronavirus in aquatic environments

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254540
Author(s):  
Maarten De Rijcke ◽  
Hisham Mohammed Shaikh ◽  
Jan Mees ◽  
Hans Nauwynck ◽  
Michiel Bert Vandegehuchte
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
The North ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Suspended Matter Concentration ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of viruses that are best known as the causative agents of human diseases like the common cold, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. CoVs spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact. There is, however, concern about potential waterborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, as it has been found in wastewater facilities and rivers. To date, little is known about the stability of SARS-CoV-2 or any other free coronavirus in aquatic environments. The inactivation of terrestrial CoVs in seawater is rarely studied. Here, we use a porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) that is commonly found in animal husbandry as a surrogate to study the stability of CoVs in natural water. A series of experiments were conducted in which PRCV (strain 91V44) was added to filtered and unfiltered fresh- and saltwater taken from the river Scheldt and the North Sea. Virus titres were then measured by TCID50-assays using swine testicle cell cultures after various incubation times. The results show that viral inactivation of PRCV in filtered seawater can be rapid, with an observed 99% decline in the viral load after just two days, which may depend on temperature and the total suspended matter concentration. PRCV degraded much slower in filtered water from the river Scheldt, taking over 15 days to decline by 99%, which was somewhat faster than the PBS control treatment (T99 = 19.2 days). Overall, the results suggest that terrestrial CoVs are not likely to accumulate in marine environments. Studies into potential interactions with exudates (proteases, nucleases) from the microbial food web are, however, recommended.

High Parasitic Contamination of Soil Samples in the North of Iran: a Potential Risk of Parasitic Infection for Tourists

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beheshteh Haghparast-kenari ◽  
Tooran Nayeri ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Rahimi ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
The North ◽  
North Of Iran

Background: Soil-transmitted parasites (STPs) are significant intestinal parasites that infect humans and animals and impose considerable burdens on human society and animal husbandry industries. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic elements of soil samples collected from the north of Iran. Methods: A total of 256 soil samples were collected from public parks, public places, vegetable gardens, sand heaps, and shadow areas near houses in the north of Iran and examined using the sucrose flotation method. Results: Out of 256 examined samples, 131 (51.2%) ones showed parasitic contamination including larvae (43%), oocysts (14.1%), and different eggs (6.6%). According to the results, the most and least common parasites observed in the samples were larvae (43%), as well as Toxascaris leonina, and Trichuris trichiura (0.4%), respectively. Moreover, the most and least contaminated locations were sand heaps (62.5%) and shadow areas near houses (45.6%), respectively. Regarding cities, Behshahr (68.3%) and Sari (67.5%) had the highest contaminated soil samples, whereas Chalus (37.5%) showed the lowest contamination. On the other hand, rural samples showed more contamination, compared to urban areas (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the overall prevalence of STPs in examined areas and highly contaminated soil samples can be considered as a potential source of human contamination particularly tourists with STPs.

Assessing the temporal reliability of rhythm metrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael-Anne Knight
Keyword(s):  
Current Paper ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
British English ◽  
The North ◽  
North Wind ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Current Popularity ◽  
Temporal Reliability

Despite the current popularity of rhythm metrics, there has been relatively little work aimed at establishing their validity or reliability, important characteristics of any empirical measure. The current paper focuses on the stability, or temporal reliability, of rhythm metrics by establishing if they give consistent results for the same speakers, in the same task, on successive occasions. Four speakers of Southern British English were recorded reading ‘The North Wind and the Sun’ (NWS) passage on three consecutive days. Results indicated that some measures correlate more highly across time than others, and the choice of a measure that is both reliable and valid is discussed. It is suggested that the metric that best fits these criteria is formulated in terms of the proportion of vowels within an utterance (%V).

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of porcine respiratory coronavirus infection in Spanish breeding sows

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Lanza ◽  
Pedro Rubio ◽  
Máximo Fernández ◽  
María Muńoz ◽  
Pedro Cármenes
Keyword(s):  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

scholarly journals Indonesia's Diplomacy in North Natuna Sea in Confronting China to Protect National Interests

FOCUS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Gerald Theodorus Lumban Toruan ◽  
Adi Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The North ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right

North Natuna Sea is become a concern, at the end of 2019 to February 2020 this area was illegally entered by Chinese fishing vessels who wanted to fishing, this vessel was escorted by the Chinese Coast Guard. This escort is in order to protect their fishing vessels from the pursuit of Indonesian patrol vessels. According to the them that they did not violate Indonesian territory, they said that the North Natuna Sea still belongs to Chinese territory. In the perspective of the international relations what is done by China can disrupt the stability of regional security. This research is a qualitative descriptive with secondary data collection. The formulation of the research question is what kind of diplomacy is being carried out by Indonesia towards China in the North Natuna Sea. The purpose of this research is to find the right diplomacy concept in dealing with the China in the North Natuna Sea.

scholarly journals Poly(catecholamine) Coating and Biofunctionalization of CsPbBr3 Microcrystals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyeon Cho ◽  
Seok-Hyun Yun
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Functional Coatings ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Applications

<p>Lead halide perovskites (LHP) microcrystals are promising materials for various optoelectronic applications. Surface coating on particles is a common strategy to improve their functionality and environmental stability, but LHP is not amenable to most coating chemistries because of its intrinsic weakness against polar solvents. Here, we describe a novel method of synthesizing LHP microcrystals in a super-saturated polar solvent using sonochemistry and applying various functional coatings on individual microcrystals <i>in situ</i>. We synthesize cesium lead bromine perovskite (CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>) microparticles capped with organic poly-norepinephrine (pNE) layers. The catechol group of pNE coordinates to bromine-deficient lead atoms, forming a defect-passivating and diffusion-blocking shell. The pNE layer enhances the stability of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> in water by 2,000-folds, enabling bright luminescence and lasing from single microcrystals in water. Furthermore, the pNE shell permits biofunctionalization with proteins, small molecules, and lipid bilayers. Luminescence from CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> microcrystals is sustained in water over 1 hour and observed in live cells. The functionalization method may enable new applications of LHP particles in water-rich environments.<b></b></p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Bacterial Communities on North Sea Macroalgae and Characterization of the Isolated Planctomycetes Adhaeretor mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., Roseimaritima multifibrata sp. nov., Rosistilla ulvae sp. nov. and Rubripirellula lacrimiformis sp. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Sandra Wiegand ◽  
Patrick Rast ◽  
Nicolai Kallscheuer ◽  
Mareike Jogler ◽  
Anja Heuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Epiphytic Communities ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Phylum Planctomycetes

Planctomycetes are bacteria that were long thought to be unculturable, of low abundance, and therefore neglectable in the environment. This view changed in recent years, after it was shown that members of the phylum Planctomycetes can be abundant in many aquatic environments, e.g., in the epiphytic communities on macroalgae surfaces. Here, we analyzed three different macroalgae from the North Sea and show that Planctomycetes is the most abundant bacterial phylum on the alga Fucus sp., while it represents a minor fraction of the surface-associated bacterial community of Ulva sp. and Laminaria sp. Especially dominant within the phylum Planctomycetes were Blastopirellula sp., followed by Rhodopirellula sp., Rubripirellula sp., as well as other Pirellulaceae and Lacipirellulaceae, but also members of the OM190 lineage. Motivated by the observed abundance, we isolated four novel planctomycetal strains to expand the collection of species available as axenic cultures since access to different strains is a prerequisite to investigate the success of planctomycetes in marine environments. The isolated strains constitute four novel species belonging to one novel and three previously described genera in the order Pirellulales, class Planctomycetia, phylum Planctomycetes.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN LINGKUNGAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KOMPETENSI SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN (Studi Pada Dinas Pertanian Dan Peternakan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Moch. Toha Khuseno
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Organizational Environment ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

This study aims to determine the effect of training on Agricultural Extension competencies; know the effect of the organization's environment on Agricultural Extension competencies; know the effect of training on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; know the effect of the organizational environment on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; know the training factors and organizational environment on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers through work competence as an intervening variable. This research was carried out using the exploratory method with a quantitative approach with the research location at the North Sulawesi Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department. The number of samples is equal to the total population of 18 people given the small population. Data collection methods used are descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis using path analysis with t-test as hypothesis testing. The results showed that training for Agricultural Extension Workers had a significant effect on work competence; the organizational environment also significantly influences the work competency of Agricultural Extension Workers; work Competence has a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; Training also has a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; the organizational environment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of agricultural instructors; training and Organizational Environment have a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers through their Work Competencies. There is an increase in the direct influence and indirect effect of each variable. *eprm*

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document