scholarly journals Production efficiency and change characteristics of China’s apple industry in terms of planting scale

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254820
Author(s):  
Yu Sun ◽  
Yonghua Lu ◽  
Zichun Wang ◽  
Mingyue Li
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
The Impact

The global population is rapidly increasing, the arable land area is losing in a large scale, and the water supply capacity is limited. Meanwhile, China is in a critical period of the transformation of apple industrial structure, and the improvement of apple production efficiency is an important way to increase farmers’ output and income, moderate-scale operation is the inevitable trend in agricultural modernization. However, few studies have explored the production efficiency of the apple industry from the perspective of planting scale. In China, there are seven major apple-producing provinces: Shaanxi, Shandong, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi, Hebei, and Liaoning. Therefore, based on provincial panel data of the seven main apple-producing areas in China, this study used the Malmquist productivity index and data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency level of the apple industry. At the same time, the threshold regression model was used to analyze the characteristics of the change in apple planting scale and production efficiency. The results showed that apple production efficiency in different regions of China exhibited regional differences and time series fluctuations. Apple planting scale had a "double" threshold effect, and the impact on apple production efficiency showed a "negative effect–positive effect" trend. Therefore, the suggestion is to appropriately adjust the scale of operation, take measures according to local conditions, promote the upgrading of apple production technology, and realize the integration of apple production and sales by using “Internet +.”

scholarly journals Analysis of Environmental Productivity on Fossil Fuel Power Plants in the U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6907
Author(s):  
Yung-Hsiang Lu ◽  
Ku-Hsieh Chen ◽  
Jen-Chi Cheng ◽  
Chih-Chun Chen ◽  
Sian-Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

In 2007, the Clean Air Act officially included greenhouse gases, making fossil fuel power plants the first of key industries regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency. How do we measure the impact of the regulations on these power plants’ productivity? Previous studies that attempt to answer this question have provided inadequate answers because their samples cover the periods only up to 2007, and they often use greenhouse gases as the only proxy for the undesirable output. This paper collects data from 133 fossil fuel power plants in the United States and covers 2004 to 2013. These power plants are divided into Sun Belt and Frost Belt based on their geographical locations. To measure the undesirable outputs, we used both carbon dioxide and toxic emissions as the proxies. The estimation model includes the construction of a generalized common stochastic frontier (metafrontier) and a Malmquist productivity index. We used the index to measure the change in productivity for the power plants before and after the implementation of the regulation. The results indicate that, since regulation in 2007, the overall production efficiency of the power plants has declined incessantly while productivity has seen a sustained downward trend despite two surges in growth.

Impact of merger on efficiency and productivity : a case study of commercial banks in Malaysia

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mahadzir Ismail ◽  
Saliza Sulaiman ◽  
Hasni Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nordiana Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

The Financial Master Plan (2001- 2010) aims to enhance the capacity of banking industry so that higher effic iency and productivity can be reaped in the future. This study seeks to determine the impact of merger on the efficiency and productivity ofcommercial banks in Malaysia for the period 1995 until 2005. The study uses a non-parametric approach, nam ely DEA (data envelopment analysis?) to estimate the efficiency scores and to construct the Malmquist productivity index. To enable this estimation, three bank inputs and outputs are used. Amongst the findings are those banks exhibit higher efficiency score after the merger and thefo reign banks are more efficient than the local banks. Productivity of the banks is calculated in both periods, before and after the merger: The results show that, it is the local banks that have improved the most after the merger. The main source of productivity is technical change or innovation. The findings support the existing policy of having larger domestic banks in term of size.

scholarly journals The Effect of Marshallian and Jacobian Knowledge Spillovers on Jobs in the Solar, Wind and Energy Efficiency Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4269
Author(s):  
Luigi Aldieri ◽  
Jonas Grafström ◽  
Concetto Paolo Vinci
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Marshallian Externalities

The purpose of this paper is to establish if Marshallian and Jacobian knowledge spillovers affect job creation in the green energy sector. Whether these two effects exist is important for the number of jobs created in related fields and jobs pushed away in other sectors. In the analysis, the production efficiency, in terms of jobs and job spillovers, from inventions in solar, wind and energy efficiency, is explored through data envelopment analysis (DEA), based on the Malmquist productivity index, and tobit regression. A panel dataset of American and European firms over the period of 2002–2017 is used. The contribution to the literature is to show the role of the spillovers from the same technology sector (Marshallian externalities), and of the spillovers from more diversified activity (Jacobian externalities). Since previous empirical evidence concerning the innovation effects on the production efficiency is yet weak, the paper attempts to bridge this gap. The empirical findings suggest negative Marshallian externalities, while Jacobian externalities have no statistical impact on the job creation process. The findings are of strategic importance for governments who are developing industrial strategies for renewable energy.

scholarly journals What Are the Effects of Participation in Production Outsourcing? Evidence from Chinese Apple Farmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangqiang Zhang ◽  
Beibei Yan ◽  
Xuexi Huo
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Labor Division ◽  
Apple Production

Outsourcing, as a productive service, has been widely adopted in industrial production and international trade but less applied in agricultural management. With the advancement of agricultural labor division and specialization, outsourcing is becoming one of the most sustained trends in concurrent business. This study used a multiple linear regression and a propensity score matching model to quantify the different effects of participation in production outsourcing on farmers’ apple production efficiency and apple income based on field survey data from 960 apple farmers in the Shandong, Shaanxi, and Gansu Provinces. The results showed that, on average, the outsourcing of apple production increased farmers’ apple production technology efficiency by 5.60%, their labor productivity by 2121.48 kg/person, land productivity by 334.50 kg/mu, capital productivity by 0.05 kg/Yuan, and apple sales revenue by 13,300 Yuan. However, farmers’ net income from apples decreased by an average of 5000 Yuan. The outsourcing of apple production, which is labor-intensive, is constrained by the increase in labor costs, which, in turn, affect the transformation of the apple industry into a service-scale operation driven by the economy of division.

scholarly journals Performance Measurement of Vietnamese Publishing Firms by the Integration of the GM (1,1) Model and the Malmquist Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Xuan-Huynh Nguyen ◽  
Quoc Chien Luu
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Grey Theory ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Innovative Products

Abstract Background: In the new technology context, the publishing industry cannot continue to maintain its business operations and to develop relying solely on traditional product offerings, such as books, magazines, and newspapers. There needs to be an expansion into innovative products, such as e-books, micro-publishing, and websites. Objectives: The paper addresses the factors influencing financial reports of Vietnamese publishing firms using two methodological approaches, namely the Grey first-order one variables (GM,1,1) model in the Grey theory and the Malmquist model in the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Methods/Approach: The GM(1,1) model predicts the future period of 2020–2023 based on the historical time series analysis. The Malmquist model presents catch-up, frontier-shift, and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) in whole terms. Results: The analysis provides an overview of the publishing industry in Vietnam. The final empirical results show that twelve companies reached a production efficiency higher than 1 and fourteen companies are expected to attain a productivity score higher than 1. Conclusions: Only a few firms do not need to change significantly; however, the remaining firms must re-evaluate their current operations.

scholarly journals THE NORTHEAST SARE (LISA) APPLE PRODUCTION PROJECT

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 260G-260
Author(s):  
Lorraine Berkett ◽  
Terry Schettini ◽  
Dan Cooley ◽  
Dean Polk ◽  
David Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
The Impact

Developing sustainable production systems based on the disease resistant apple cultivars (DRACs) and IPM techniques is a key objective of this multidisciplinary project involving 19 principle investigators across 5 cooperating institutions. Cultivar selection is a crucial decision for an apple grower which will impact the farm's competitiveness and profitability for many years. Factors that growers consider when deciding what cultivars to plant include consumer acceptance and marketability; winter hardiness; yield potential; fruit storage qualities, color, taste, and size; and potential pest management problems. These factors are being researched in this project. Disease resistant orchards will undoubtedly present new economic considerations to growers, wholesalers, and processors. A further objective is to provide economic analyses of alternative techniques and to forecast the impact of changes in production systems on the Northeast apple industry. Apple growers must have access to research-generated information that addresses the critical issues facing them Rapid information dissemination is a high priority of this project. The Northeast Sustainable Apple Production Newsletter has over 1200 active subscribers across the United States and in 7 foreign countries. The Management Guide for Low-Input Sustainable Apple production has been well received and continues to be requested world-wide.

scholarly journals MEASURING EFFICIENCY CHANGE IN TIME APPLYING MALMQUIST PRODUCTIVITY INDEX: A CASE OF DISTRIBUTION CENTRES IN SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Milan Andrejić ◽  
Milorad Kilibarda ◽  
Vukašin Pajić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

In the last decade, more and more attention has been paid to the efficiency of logistics systems not only in the literature but also in practice. The reason is the huge savings that can be achieved. In a very dynamic market with environmental changes distribution centers have to realize their activities and processes in an efficient way. Distribution centers connect producers with other participants in the supply chain, including end-users. The main objective of this paper is to develop a DEA model for measuring distribution centers’ efficiency change in time. The paper investigates the impact of input and output variables selection on the resulting efficiency in the context of measuring the change in efficiency over time. The selection of variables on the one hand is a basic step in applying the DEA method. On the other hand, the number of basic and derived indicators that are monitored in real systems is increasing, while the percentage of those used in the decision-making process is decreasing (less than 20%). The developed model was tested on the example of a retail chain operating in Serbia. The main factors changing the efficiency have been identified, as well as the corresponding corrective actions. For measuring efficiency change in time Malmquist productivity index is used. The developed approach could help managers in the decision-making process and also represents a good basis for further research.

scholarly journals Cost Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan’s Insurance Sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
Uzma Noreen ◽  
Shabbir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
The Impact

This study uses data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist index to examine the impact of financial sector reforms on the efficiency and productivity of Pakistan’s insurance sector over the period 2000–09. Our results indicate that the sector is cost-inefficient, with an average score of 58 percent – an outcome of the inappropriate use of inputs. The Malmquist productivity index performs better, indicating an improvement in total factor productivity of about 3 percent on average. The second-stage Tobit regression analysis shows that large firms are relatively inefficient from an allocative perspective as they are unable to equate the marginal product of inputs with their factor prices. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that private firms are more efficient than public firms in the nonlife insurance sector. The empirical findings suggest that a more competitive environment, diversified products and innovative technology could improve the productivity of insurance firms in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Design method and application of accurate adjustment scheme for water injection wells around adjustment wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongchun Hao ◽  
Liguo Zhong ◽  
Jianbin Liu ◽  
Xiaodong Han ◽  
Tianyin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Wellhead Pressure ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAffected by the surrounding injection and production wells, the formation near the infill adjustment well is in an abnormal pressure state, and drilling and completion operations are prone to complex situations and accidents such as leakage and overflow. The conventional shut-in method is to close all water injection wells around the adjustment well to ensure the safety of the operation, but at the same time reduce the oil field production. This paper proposes a design method for shut-in of water injection wells around adjustment wells based on injection-production data mining. This method uses water injection index and liquid productivity index as target parameters to analyze the correlation between injection and production wells. Select water injection wells with a high correlation and combine other parameters such as wellhead pressure and pressure recovery speed to design accurate adjustment schemes. Low-correlation wells do not take shut-in measures. This method was applied to 20 infill adjustment wells in the Penglai Oilfield. The correlation between injection and production wells was calculated using the data more than 500 injection wells and production wells. After a single adjustment well is drilled, the surrounding injection wells can increase the water injection volume by more than 5000 m3. This method achieves accurate adjustment for water injection wells that are high correlated with the adjustment well. Under the premise of ensuring the safety of drilling operations, the impact of drilling and completion on oilfield development is minimized, and oilfield production efficiency is improved. It has good application and promotion value.

scholarly journals FATORES QUE AFETAM A RENTABILIDADE DA PECUÁRIA DE LEITE

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Lucas Maciel Gomes Olini ◽  
Andrea Beltrani Donadia ◽  
Henrique Melo da Silva ◽  
Karine Claudia Alessi ◽  
Daniel Carneiro de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Impact

Objetivou-se identificar e quantificar os indicadores associados com o tamanho, com a taxa de giro do capital investido (TGC) e com a lucratividade que afetam a rentabilidade da pecuária de leite. Os dados originaram-se de vinte e sete produtores de leite (213,6 ± 193,9 litros de leite/fazenda/dia) no Estado de Mato Grosso, coletados durante doze meses. Dos fatores associados com a lucratividade, o custo com mão-de-obra relativa à renda com leite e a produtividade da mão-de-obra afetaram negativamente a rentabilidade. O preço do leite, os custos com alimentação concentrada ou volumosa relativos à renda bruta com leite não afetaram a rentabilidade da pecuária.  Os indicadores associados com a produtividade da terra (produção de leite por área e número de vacas em lactação por área usada pelo rebanho) apresentaram maior impacto na rentabilidade da pecuária de leite que os indicadores de produtividade do rebanho. A proporção de vacas em lactação em relação ao rebanho e a produção de leite por total de vacas (mas não por vaca em lactação) são os indicadores de produtividade do rebanho de maior impacto na rentabilidade.Palavras-chave: custo de produção; eficiência; lucratividade. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROFITABILITY OF DAIRY FARMING  ABSTRACT: The objective was to identify and quantify the impact of indicators associated with size, return on invested capital (ROIC) and profitability on economic performance (rentability) of dairy farms. Data from twenty seven dairy farms (213.6 ± 193.9 liters milk/farm/day) were collected in Mato Grosso State, during twelve months. Of the factors associated with profitability, the labor cost and labor productivity negatively affected rentability. Milk price and concentrate feed cost (in relation with milk gross income) did not affect rentability of dairy farm. Land productivity index (milk yield/dairy farm area; lactating cows/dairy farm area used by dairy herd) had greater impact on economic performance than animal productivity index. Lactating cows/head ratio and milk yield per total cows (but not by lactating cow) are the animal productivity index that had the greatest impact on rentability of dairy farms.Keywords: cost of production; efficiency; profitability.

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