scholarly journals A comparison of multidimensional qualities discriminant of selection in elite adolescent Australian basketball athletes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256032
Author(s):  
Jacob Joseph ◽  
Fleur McIntyre ◽  
Christopher Joyce ◽  
Aaron Scanlan ◽  
Ashley Cripps
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Alternative Assessments ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Level 2

Purpose The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the multidimensional attributes of male and female basketball athletes under 16 years of age (U16) and under 18 years of age (U18), and (2) identify attributes that distinguish selection into a talent pathway according to sex and age group. Methods 67 male and 71 female athletes competing in U16 and U18 selection trials for a state based Australian basketball talent pathway completed a multidimensional testing battery. The test battery consisted of anthropometric, physical (20- linear sprint, countermovement jump height, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2), technical (Basketball Jump Shooting Accuracy Test), tactical (video decision making), and psychological (Sports Orientation Questionnaire, Psychological Performance Inventory-Alternative) assessments. Mean differences and independent t-tests were used to assess comparative differences between selected and non-selected athletes within each age and sex cohort. Stepwise discriminant analyses were used to identify attributes that were the strongest discriminators of selection in each group (male U16, male U18, female U16, and female U18). Results The discrimminant models showed for male U16 athletes smaller height (ES = -0.18) and greater shooting accuracy (ES = 0.52) was most discriminant of selection. Results were largely homogenous for male U18 athletes with lower visualisation score (ES = -0.62) most discriminant of selection. In female cohorts, faster 20-m sprint time (ES = -0.66) and taller height (ES = 0.58) was most discriminant of selection in U16 athletes while greater shooting accuracy (ES = 0.67), countermovement jump height (ES = 1.04), and height (ES = 0.65) was most discriminant of selection in U18 athletes. Conclusions These results emphasise the differing selection priorities within adolescent basketball cohorts according to sex and age group. The testing of anthropometric, physical and technical attributes may hold particular utility in adolescent female basketball given their identified importance to selection across U16 and U18 cohorts.

Acute consumption of p-synephrine does not enhance performance in sprint athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Juan José Salinero ◽  
Javier Abían-Vicen ◽  
Francisco Areces ◽  
Beatriz Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Placebo Control Trial ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
The Hours

P-Synephrine is a protoalkaloid widely used as an ergogenic aid in sports. This substance has been included in the World Anti-Doping Agency monitoring program, although scientific information about its effects on performance and athletes’ well-being is scarce. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of p-synephrine to increase performance in sprint athletes. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 13 experienced sprinters performed 2 acute experimental trials after the ingestion of p-synephrine (3 mg·kg−1) or after the ingestion of a placebo (control trial). Forty-five minutes after the ingestion of the substances, the sprinters performed a squat jump, a countermovement jump, a 15-s repeated jump test, and subsequently performed 60-m and 100-m simulated sprint competitions. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess side-effect prevalence. In comparison with the control trial, the ingestion of p-synephrine did not change countermovement jump height (37.4 ± 4.2 vs 36.7 ± 3.3 cm, respectively; P = 0.52), squat jump height (34.4 ± 3.6 vs 33.9 ± 3.7 cm; P = 0.34), or average 15-s repeated jumps height (31.8 ± 4.1 vs 32.2 ± 3.6 cm; P = 0.18). P-Synephrine did not modify maximal running speed during the 60-m (9.0 ± 0.5 vs 9.0 ± 0.4 m·s−1, respectively; P = 0.55) and 100-m sprint competitions (8.8 ± 0.5 vs 8.8 ± 0.5 m·s−1, respectively; P = 0.92). The ingestion of p-synephrine did not alter the prevalence of headache, gastrointestinal discomforts, muscle pain, or insomnia during the hours following the tests. Acute consumption of 3 mg·kg−1 of p-synephrine was ineffective to increase performance in competitive sprint athletes. Moreover, p-synephrine did not increase the occurrence of side effects after the competition.

Validation of a Group Embedded Figures Test for Young Children

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore R. Cromack ◽  
Meredith K. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

This paper describes the development and concurrent validation of a group-administered measure of field-dependence/independence for early elementary children. Following the procedure used to validate the Children's Group Embedded Figures Test (Level 2, 9 to 11 yr.), a validation study of a group test for younger children was undertaken with a second-grade sample ( N = 77). The test was reliable (alpha = .84) and significantly related to both the individually administered Children's Embedded Figures Test ( r = .56) and Portable Rod-and-frame Test ( r = .57). This measure, designated the Children's Group Embedded Figures Test—Level 1, provides a promising research instrument for assessing cognitive style of young children.

scholarly journals Longitudinal intra- and inter-individual variability in young swimmers' performance and determinant competition factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Estrela Morais ◽  
Mario J. Costa ◽  
Pedro Forte ◽  
Mario C. Marques ◽  
Antonio J. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variability ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Customized Training ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Level Effect

The main purpose of this study was to follow-up the intra- and inter-individual variability of young swimmers' performance and determinant factors over two competitive seasons. Thirty young swimmers (14 boys: 12.33±0.65 years-old; 16 girls: 11.15±0.55 years-old) were followed-up throughout two consecutive seasons (seven evaluation moments). Performance (100m freestyle), anthropometric, kinematic, hydrodynamic and efficiency features were evaluated. A gender and skill-level effect was observed. Boys improved in a higher amount (%) comparing to girls. Overall, swimmers in skill-level 2 (both genders) presented a higher intra-individual variability. Performance and anthropometrics showed a significant inter-individual variability in most moments, but hydrodynamics, kinematics and efficiency did not. Within each skill-level hydrodynamics, kinematics and efficiency were the variables that showed a high inter-individual variability. As a gender and skill-level effect was noticed in an age-group of young swimmers, coaches and practitioners should put the focus in specific and customized training plans for each skill-level of swimmers.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Neuromuscular Training on the Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Youth Female Track-and-Field Athletes: A Clinical Trial and Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo ◽  
Romina Figueroa-Ureta ◽  
Fernanda Moya-Mura ◽  
Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Stress Syndrome

Context: Few reports have analyzed the effects of neuromuscular (NM) training programs on the injury incidence among youth female track-and-field athletes. Objective: To determine the effects of NM training on reducing lower limb injury incidence and to establish its effects on countermovement jump performance, balance, 30-m sprint, and joint position sense in youth female track-and-field athletes. Design: Single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Sports research laboratory. Participants: Twenty-two female athletes were allocated into 2 groups: Conventional (CONV) training (n = 11; age = 15.3 [2.1] y) and NM training (n = 11; age = 15.0 [2.7] y). Interventions: Interventions were performed during the preseason of 6 weeks. The CONV training included anaerobic, strength, and aerobic training. The NM training consisted of a multicomponent program that integrated jumps, landings, and running with strength, endurance, agility, balance, and CORE training. Main Outcome Measures: A follow-up of the cohorts was carried out through the evaluation of lower limb injuries (main outcome) during a regular season (weeks 7–18). Secondary outcomes were measured before and after the intervention: Y-balance test, active joint repositioning, ground reaction force, and countermovement jump height. Results: The injury incidence rate was 17.89 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training, and 6.58 in NM training (relative risk = 0.38; 95% confidence interval,  0.18 to 0.82; P = .044). Particularly, the medial tibial stress syndrome incidence rate was 5.96 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training and 0.82 in NM training (relative risk = 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 1.12; P = .012). In addition, a significant training × time interaction was noted, favoring improvements in 30-m sprint and countermovement jump height after NM. Conclusion: The NM training may improve youth female athlete’s physical fitness and reduce their injury relative risk of medial tibial stress syndrome injury.

A Comparison of Different Modes of Morning Priming Exercise on Afternoon Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Russell ◽  
Aden King ◽  
Richard. M. Bracken ◽  
Christian. J. Cook ◽  
Thibault Giroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Priming Exercise ◽  
Rugby Players

Purpose:To assess the effects of different modes of morning (AM) exercise on afternoon (PM) performance and salivary hormone responses in professional rugby union players.Methods:On 4 occasions (randomized, crossover design), 15 professional rugby players provided AM (~8 AM) and PM (~2 PM) saliva samples before PM assessments of countermovement-jump height, reaction time, and repeated-sprint ability. Control (passive rest), weights (bench press: 5 × 10 repetitions, 75% 1-repetition maximum, 90-s intraset recovery), cycling (6 × 6-s maximal sprint cycling, 7.5% body mass load, 54-s intraset recovery), and running (6 × 40-m maximal sprints, 20-s intraset recovery) interventions preceded (~5 h) PM testing.Results:PM sprint performance improved (P < .05) after weights (>0.15 ± 0.19 s, >2.04% ± 2.46%) and running (>0.15 ± 0.17 s, >2.12% ± 2.22%) but not cycling (P > .05). PM jump height increased after cycling (0.012 ± 0.009 m, 2.31% ± 1.76%, P < .001) and running (0.020 ± 0.009 m, 3.90% ± 1.79%, P < .001) but not weights (P = .936). Reaction time remained unchanged between trials (P = .379). Relative to control (131 ± 21 pg/mL), PM testosterone was greater in weights (21 ± 23 pg/mL, 17% ± 18%, P = .002) and running (28 ± 26 pg/mL, 22% ± 20%, P = .001) but not cycling (P = .072). Salivary cortisol was unaffected by AM exercise (P = .540).Conclusions:All modes of AM exercise improved at least 1 marker of PM performance, but running appeared the most beneficial to professional rugby union players. A rationale therefore exists for preceding PM competition with AM exercise.

Inter-limb differences in unilateral countermovement jump height are not associated with the inter-limb differences in bilateral countermovement jump force production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sergio Miras-Moreno ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽  
F. Javier Rojas ◽  
Danica Janicijevic ◽  
Juan Carlos De la Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Production ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump

Development of Two Test Level 2 Bridge Railings and Transitions for Use on Transverse Glue-Laminated Deck Bridges

2001 ◽  
Vol 1743 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald K. Faller ◽  
Barry T. Rosson ◽  
Michael A. Ritter ◽  
Eric A. Keller ◽  
Sheila R. Duwadi
Keyword(s):  
Test Level ◽  
Level 2

Effects of Collagen Peptides on Recovery Following Eccentric Exercise in Resistance-Trained Males—A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Joel L. Prowting ◽  
Debra Bemben ◽  
Christopher D. Black ◽  
Eric A. Day ◽  
Jason A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Collagen Peptides ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
Time Point

The authors sought to determine whether consuming collagen peptides (CP) enhances musculoskeletal recovery of connective tissues following a damaging exercise bout. Resistance-trained males consumed 15 g/day of CP (n = 7) or placebo (n = 8), and after 7 days, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), countermovement jump height, soreness, and collagen turnover were examined. Five sets of 20 drop jumps were performed and outcome measures were collected 24, 48, and 120 hr postexercise. Countermovement jump height was maintained in the CP group at 24 hr (PRE = 39.9 ± 8.8 cm vs. 24 hr = 37.9 ± 8.9 cm, p = .102), whereas the CP group experienced a significant decline at 24 hr (PRE = 40.4 ± 7.9 cm vs. 24 hr = 35.5 ± 6.4 cm, p = .001; d = 0.32). In both groups, muscle soreness was significantly higher than PRE at 24 hr (p = .001) and 48 hr (p = .018) but not at 120 hr (p > .05). MVIC in both legs showed a significant time effect (left: p = .007; right: p = .010) over the 5-day postexercise period. Neither collagen biomarker changed significantly at any time point. CP supplementation attenuated performance decline 24 hr following muscle damage. Acute consumption of CP may provide a performance benefit the day following a bout of damaging exercise in resistance-trained males.

Relationship of Training Load with High-intensity Running in Professional Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Lee ◽  
Swarup Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Level 2

AbstractThis study determined the training load (TL) and its relationship with high-intensity running performance across the season in professional soccer players. The TL, YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (YYIR 2) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were monitored in 29 players (age 26.2±3.8 years, height 173.6±5.6 cm, body mass 68.5±8.6 kg). In the mid in-season (MS), Lucia TRIMP (TRIMPL) was inversely correlated with YYIR 2 (r=−0.6, p<0.05), with total distance (TD), work-rate (WR), low-intensity distance (LID) and player load (PL) showing correlation with YYIR 2 (r=0.81, 0.77, 0.88, 0.67; p<0.05) in the late in-season (LS). In pre-season (PS), TD, WR and moderate-intensity distance (MID) were correlated with YYIR 2 (r=0.65, 0.80, 0.83, p<0.05), whereas in early in-season (ES), TD, WR, LID were correlated with YYIR 2 performance (r=0.58, 0.67, 0.55, p<0.05). There was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between TL and RSA. The findings showed the volume, intensity and types of TL accrued influences the relationship with physical performance that suggest the significance of phase-specific monitoring of TL for maximizing performance in soccer players.

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