scholarly journals The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256114
Author(s):  
Cathryn Knight ◽  
Tom Crick
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of dyslexia identification has increased significantly over the last two decades. Yet there is debate over whether there are distinct biological and cognitive differences between those with literacy difficulties and the subgroup of people identified as dyslexic. This is the first paper that provides evidence for this ongoing debate by investigating the socio-demographic factors, outside biology and cognition, that predict whether a child is identified as dyslexic in the UK. Using secondary data from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study, this paper examines the socio-demographic factors that predict whether a child’s teacher identifies them as dyslexic at age 11. Gender, season of birth, socio-economic class and parental income are found to be significant predictors of the dyslexia label. Therefore, factors seemingly unrelated to the clinical aspects of dyslexia influence whether a child is identified as dyslexic in England and Wales. This suggests that label may not be evenly distributed across a population; furthermore, it may also indicate that resources for support may not be fairly allocated. The findings further support the argument that a ‘dyslexic sub-group’ within poor readers is created due to the impact of environmental factors. The results from this national-scale study thus questions the reliability, validity and moral integrity of the allocation of the dyslexia label across current education systems in the UK.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND CONCEPTION OF TUBERCULOSIS;

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 1213-1221
Author(s):  
Safdar Abbas ◽  
Jacob Malik ◽  
Noman Issac ◽  
Rabia Safdar ◽  
Bushra Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

With the very high incident of tuberculosis, Pakistan ranks fifth globally among the 22 high tuberculosis risk countries. Amongst other factors, socio-demographic factors play a significant role in determining “knowledge of tuberculosis” Objectives: This study used secondary data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey to estimate the impact of socio-demographic factors determining the knowledge of tuberculosis and conception on how it is spread. Data Source: The relevant variables and the other parameters were extracted from the both pdf and SPSS files of PDHS. Study Design: Bi-variant cross tabulation was used to determine the level of association between the hypothesized variables using the Pearson chi-square statistic. Results: Age and wealth index showed a highly significant relationship (p<0.0001) in determining the knowledge of tuberculosis. Moreover, the increasing level of education showed a decreasing trend of misconception about the spread of TB. Conclusions: Though the results of the study indicated a highly significant relationship between the socio-demographic factors and knowledge of tuberculosis, there is a dire need to launch awareness campaigns by the public and private sector organizations to enhance the level of correct knowledge and conception of large masses.

scholarly journals The impact of socio-demographic factors on the survival of cancer patients in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idika E. Okorie ◽  
Ricardo Moyo ◽  
Saralees Nadarajah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Female Cancer Patients ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe provide a survival analysis of cancer patients in Zimbabwe. Our results show that young cancer patients have lower but not significant hazard rate compared to old cancer patients. Male cancer patients have lower but not significant hazard rate compared to female cancer patients. Race and marital status are significant risk factors for cancer patients in Zimbabwe.

Funding Local Political Parties in England and Wales: Donations and Constituency Campaigns

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Johnston ◽  
Charles Pattie
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Liberal Democrats ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The funding of political parties is an issue of considerable contemporary concern in the UK. Although most attention has been paid to the situation regarding national parties, the new funding regime introduced in 2001 also applies to constituency parties, and some concerns have been raised regarding the limits on spending and expenditure there. Using data released by the Electoral Commission on all donations above a specified minimum to constituency parties, this article looks at the pattern of donations over the period 2001–05. It then analyses the impact of spending on the 2005 constituency campaigns, showing that for the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats substantial donations enhanced their vote-winning performances in seats where their candidates were challengers whereas for Labour substantial donations aided its performance in marginal seats that it was defending.

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