scholarly journals Spatial equity in the layout of urban public sports facilities in Hangzhou

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256174
Author(s):  
Yujuan Chen ◽  
Ning Lin ◽  
Yangyang Wu ◽  
Liang Ding ◽  
Jun Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Buffer Analysis ◽  
Spatial Equity ◽  
Universal Application

This paper proposes a framework for a layout evaluation of urban public sports facilities. First, the buffer analysis method is used to measure the service level of public sports facilities. The study findings indicate that the overall service level of public sports facilities presents the spatial characteristics of a central agglomeration, and the value of the service level diffuses outward from high to low. There is evident spatial heterogeneity in the layout of public sports facilities in Hangzhou. Second, the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and location entropy are employed to measure the equity of the distribution among spatial units and the intradistrict disparity. The results show a mismatch between the spatial distribution of the facilities and the distribution of the permanent population. The patterns of distribution of the location entropy classes of Hangzhou can be divided into three types: balanced, alternating, and divergent districts. The method in this paper is effective in measuring spatial equity and visualizing it. it has a certain degree of systemicity, universality and operability. At the same time, this method can compare the diachronic characteristics of the same city and the synchronic characteristics of different cities, which has universal application value.

Spatial Distribution of Local Permeabilities in Fibrous Networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Montgomery ◽  
Bernard Miller ◽  
Ludwig Rebenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Elliptical Flow ◽  
Fluid Boundary ◽  
Liquid Flows

The shape of a developing radial fluid boundary in the plane of a fabric is a reflection of the structure of the fabric. Homogeneous fabrics, with permeabilities independent of position, yield circular or elliptical flow fronts, depending on the existence of a universally preferred flow direction. Heterogeneous networks yield flow fronts that deviate from this elliptical shape due to spatial variations in permeability. The time-dependent development of the fluid front that occurs when liquid flows radially in the plane of a fabric may be analyzed using Darcy's law to calculate local fabric permeabilities. The resulting spatial distribution of permeabilities is representative of the spatial heterogeneity of the fabric structure. Sample permeability distributions of geotextile fabrics are discussed.

scholarly journals A method for studying the development pattern of urban commercial service facilities based on customer reviews from social media

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 577-578
Author(s):  
Y. D. Wang ◽  
B. T. Jiang ◽  
X. Y. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Customer Reviews ◽  
Urban Service ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Quantitative Basis

Urbanization is one of the most important human social activities in the 21st century (Chaolin et al., 2012). With an increasing number of people visiting cities, the provision of adequate urban service facilities, including public and commercial service facilities, in locations where people live has become an important guarantee of the success of urbanization. Exploring the commercial service facilities in a specific area of a city can help us understand the progress and trends of urban renewal in the area, provide a quantitative basis for evaluating the rationality of planning implementation, and facilitate an analysis of the effects of different factors on the regional development of a city (Schor et al. 2003). <br><br> In this paper, we proposed a data processing and analysis method for studying the distribution and development pattern of urban commercial facilities based on customer reviews. In addition, based on road network constraints, we explored the patterns contained in customer reviews data, including patterns for the spatial distribution and spatial-temporal evolution of facilities as well as the number of facilities and degree of satisfaction.

scholarly journals How spatial heterogeneity shapes multiscale biochemical reaction network dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (104) ◽  
pp. 20141106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pfaffelhuber ◽  
Lea Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Stochastic Averaging ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rigorous Results ◽  
Biochemical Reaction Network ◽  
Molecular Movement ◽  
Heterogeneous Multiscale

Spatial heterogeneity in cells can be modelled using distinct compartments connected by molecular movement between them. In addition to movement, changes in the amount of molecules are due to biochemical reactions within compartments, often such that some molecular types fluctuate on a slower timescale than others. It is natural to ask the following questions: how sensitive is the dynamics of molecular types to their own spatial distribution, and how sensitive are they to the distribution of others? What conditions lead to effective homogeneity in biochemical dynamics despite heterogeneity in molecular distribution? What kind of spatial distribution is optimal from the point of view of some downstream product? Within a spatially heterogeneous multiscale model, we consider two notions of dynamical homogeneity (full homogeneity and homogeneity for the fast subsystem), and consider their implications under different timescales for the motility of molecules between compartments. We derive rigorous results for their dynamics and long-term behaviour, and illustrate them with examples of a shared pathway, Michaelis–Menten enzymatic kinetics and autoregulating feedbacks. Using stochastic averaging of fast fluctuations to their quasi-steady-state distribution, we obtain simple analytic results that significantly reduce the complexity and expedite simulation of stochastic compartment models of chemical reactions.

Lorenz Curve Interpolation and the Gini Coefficient

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Charles Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Polynomial Spline ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Grouped Data ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Curve Interpolation ◽  
Income Decile

This article presents a simple non-polynomial spline that may be used to construct Lorenz curves from grouped data. The spline is naturally convex and works by determining a series of piecewise segments that may be joined to give a smooth and continuous Lorenz curve. The method is illustrated with an empirical example using income decile data from the Philippines from 1991-2003 where the proposed technique is used alongside other parametric and non-parametric methods. We also use the spline to approximate some known Lorenz curves and assess the technique by comparing the estimated Gini coefficient to the known Gini. Our findings suggest that the method is an attractive addition to the body of techniques used for developing Lorenz curves from grouped data.

Impact of Self-Help Group (SHG) Membership on Income and Income Inequality

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Maniklal Adhikary ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Birbhum District ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Help Group

The microfinance program has now been recognized as an effective tool to empower economically the rural women folk. The earning is the most important direct outcome of micro finance participation unlike acquiring empowerment. Participation in the program helps women to inculcate their saving habit. It gives access to the formal credit to them. All these have direct impact on their economic condition. This study explores the impact of microfinance program on the income of the program participants of Birbhum District in West Bengal in India. The study also focuses on how participation helps in reducing inequality in income of the participants. The major finding of the study is that women self-help group (SHG) members have the higher level of income compared to that of non-SHG members. The study also shows that SHG participation also helps them in reducing inequalities in their income. Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve technique has been used to assess the income distribution of the respondents.

scholarly journals Identification of Dominant Factors Affecting Soil Erosion and Water Yield within Ecological Red Line Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangbo Gao ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Liyuan Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Red Line

Soil conservation and water retention are important metrics for designating key ecological functional areas and ecological red line (ERL) areas. However, research on the quantitative identification of dominant environmental factors in different ecological red line areas remains relatively inadequate, which is unfavorable for the zone-based management of ecological functional areas. This paper presents a case study of Beijing’s ERL areas. In order to objectively reflect the ecological characteristics of ERL areas in Beijing, which is mainly dominated by mountainous areas, the application of remote sensing data at a high resolution is important for the improvement of model calculation and spatial heterogeneity. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, meteorological and soil observations as well as soil erosion and water yield were calculated using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Combining the influencing factors, including slope, precipitation, land use type, vegetation coverage, geomorphological type, and elevation, a quantitative attribution analysis was performed on soil erosion and water yield in Beijing’s ERL areas using the geographical detector. The power of each influencing factor and their interaction factors in explaining the spatial distribution of soil erosion or water yield varied significantly among different ERL areas. Vegetation coverage was the dominant factor affecting soil erosion in Beijing’s ERL areas, explaining greater than 30% of its spatial heterogeneity. Land use type could explain the spatial heterogeneity of water yield more than 60%. In addition, the combination of vegetation coverage and slope was found to significantly enhance the spatial distribution of soil erosion (>55% in various ERL areas). The superposition of land use type and slope explained greater than 70% of the spatial distribution for water yield in ERL areas. The geographical detector results indicated that the high soil erosion risk areas and high water yield areas varied significantly among different ERL areas. Thus, in efforts to enhance ERL protection, focus should be placed on the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion and water yield in different ERL areas.

scholarly journals Vector Sum Analysis Method of Loess Slope Stability under Rising Groundwater Level Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Haibin Xue ◽  
Faning Dang ◽  
Yanlong Li ◽  
Xiaotao Yin ◽  
Man Lei
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Seepage Analysis ◽  
Force Method ◽  
Loess Slope ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Transient Seepage ◽  
Vector Sum

The stability analysis of loess slopes with a rising groundwater level is a problem that integrates unsaturated and transient seepage, stress analysis, and stability prediction. For this purpose, a sequentially coupled method of seepage-softening-stability was used. First, seepage analysis of a loess slope with a rising groundwater level was conducted according to unsaturated and transient seepage analysis theory. Second, the spatial distribution of the deformation and strength parameters of the soil, both of which were based on the calculated results of the seepage analysis, were adjusted according to the water-induced structural deterioration equation. Third, the vector sum analysis method of loess slope stability, which was based on the temporal-spatial distribution laws of effective unit weight, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, and seepage force, was performed by the body force method. To verify the proposed method, the limit equilibrium method of loess slope stability was conducted by the surface force method. Finally, the progressive failure process of a loess slope with a rising groundwater level on the White Deer Plain was presented as an example. A comparison analysis of the calculated results of the two methods revealed that the proposed method was reasonable and reliable.

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