Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco—Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?

Heterocorals represent an enigmatic group of Palaeozoic corals, known from relatively short time intervals in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. The major differences between Heterocorallia and other Palaeozoic corals are the lack of an external theca (epitheca), lack of calices and the presence of dichotomously dividing septa-like structures. Heterocoral skeleton was presumably externally covered by the soft tissue and each branch of their skeleton has, until now, been regarded as a corallite–a skeleton of a single polyp. We investigated upper Famennian Oligophylloides from Morocco, focussing on branching processes, wall structure, previously poorly known initial growth stages and the growing tip, described here for the first time. We demonstrate that Oligophylloides shows a unique colony development not known in any group of anthozoans possessing a septate-like architecture and suggest that the previously postulated homology between true septa in hexa- and rugose corals on one hand, and Oligophylloides on the other, must be rejected. Based on the skeleton structure and branching patterns, we postulate, contrary to former ideas, that the stem and branches of heterocorals represent the skeleton of a multi-polyp colonial coral, similar to many extant octocorals. We found numerous potential homologies with octocoral skeletons (notably the Keratoisidinae within the Isididae) and, as a result, we propose the inclusion of the order Heterocorallia within the subclass Octocorallia. This suggestion requires, however, further research on the other taxa of heterocorals. We also propose some changes to the morphological terminology for the Heterocorallia.

Download Full-text

INITIAL STAGES OF EPITAXY OF METALS ON Si(lll)-7x7 STUDIED BY UHV ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-56-129 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. TAKAYANAGI

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Real Space ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Video Tape ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Geometrical Structures ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽

Superlattice Structures ◽

First Time

AbstractInitial condensations of Cu, Ag and Au on Si(lll)-7x7 surface are seen continuously by video tape recording and intermittently by photographic films using an UHV electron microscope in reflection electron microscopy (REM). The growths of initial superlattice structures are found to relate with the steps of the 7x7 surface and the superlattice structures of a for Cu, for Ag and 5x2 for Au are nucleated at the upper side of the stepsand grow over the lower side terrace accompanied by the step movement. The growth of Au on Si(lll)-7x7 surface is seen in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to supplement geometric information. It is found that the 5x2 domain of Au grows in the <llO>Si direction preferentially. The superlattice structures formed at submonolayer range are seen for the first time in TED pattern, which is useful to judge the previously proposed models from intensity distribution. REM-RHEED and TEM-TED allow us to study dynamic process of the initial growth stages of metals on Si(lll)-7x7 in real space and to analyse the geometrical structures of the superlattice structures at submonolayer.

Download Full-text

Towards the Other Side of Complexity: Values and Decisions in a Time of Uncertainty

10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_32 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 211-214

Author(s):

Marcelo Knobel

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Scientific Community ◽

The Other ◽

Highly Qualified ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Health Consequences ◽

Health Measures ◽

Great Uncertainty ◽

Short Time ◽

First Time

AbstractHumanity is experiencing a moment of great uncertainty. This is not the first time a pandemic threatens the lives of millions of people. However, the speed with which governments and scientists are reacting to events is unprecedented. In an incredibly short time after the discovery of the virus, public health measures were implemented, and the development of defences in the form of public policies, medical therapies, and vaccines began. At this precarious moment, when the proliferation of information (and misinformation) from a variety of sources contribute to the spread of panic, universities and the scientific community emerge as the best and most reliable sources of information. It is only highly qualified specialists who can truly address the pandemic and its terrible economic, political, and public health consequences.

Download Full-text

The paediatric patient

Handbook of Communication in Anaesthesia & Critical Care ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199577286.003.0018 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

David Sainsbury ◽

Allan M Cyna

Keyword(s):

Paediatric Patient ◽

Communication Skills ◽

Day Surgery ◽

The Other ◽

Sense Of Control ◽

Verbal Cues ◽

Anaesthesia Care ◽

Short Time ◽

First Time ◽

Communicating With Children

Anaesthetists usually develop their communication skills through experience over many years of trial and error. Much angst can be avoided by learning some simple techniques that can facilitate interactions during the delivery of anaesthesia care. Caring for children from newborn to adolescence provides the anaesthetist with unique opportunities to use communication to improve anaesthesia care. To a parent, the matter of handing over control and protection of their child to the anaesthetist is invariably difficult, emotional and can lead to significant distress. This is irrespective of whether the surgical intervention is major or not. For their child to attend the hospital for a procedure, families have frequently made unspoken and intricate arrangements in their schedule. Making these arrangements adds to the other stresses of coming in for surgery. Being mindful of this can help the anaesthetist communicate in a way that recognizes the possible complexity for some families of even attending the hospital on time. In recent years the increasing popularity of day-surgery admission has meant that many parents meet their child’s anaesthetist for the first time only minutes before the procedure. However, much can be done to enhance patient and parent rapport even when only a short time is available. Flexibility in approach is paramount. The age of the child determines how the ‘LAURS’ of communication can be implemented to facilitate patient rapport, trust and engagement during anaesthesia care. Communicating with children is similar to, yet differs from, communicating with adults. Children live in a subconscious world of play and make-believe. They are highly responsive to suggestion, and the use of subconscious language and non-verbal cues is frequently more effective than the usual adult logical communication most doctors are familiar with. Because of this, children often do not appear to be paying attention and instead frequently behave spontaneously, subconsciously or contrary to what is being asked of them. Adults when stressed will often do this too. As with adults, the aim of communicating effectively with children is to promote autonomy and a sense of control.

Download Full-text

The kinetics of the thermal decomposition and polymerization of ethane and ethylene

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1956.0004 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 233 (1195) ◽

pp. 465-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Bimolecular Reaction ◽

The Other ◽

Constant Concentration ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Bimolecular Reactions ◽

Higher Hydrocarbons ◽

Products Of Reaction ◽

Short Time ◽

Kinetics Of

The pyrolysis of ethane, ethylene and mixtures of the two gases, has been studied by heating the reactants to 600° C for short time intervals and measuring the products of reaction by chemical analysis. In the case of ethane, the first products are ethylene, hydrogen and a small amount of methane. This reaction is inhibited by nitric oxide. The subsequent reactions, none of which is affected by nitric oxide, involve both ethane and ethylene, and result in the formation of methane (in far greater quantity than that produced from ethane direct), propylene, a compound of the formula C 4 H 8 which may be 1-butene, and higher hydrocarbons. The C 4 H 8 , which attains a constant concentration after a few minutes, is produced by two bimolecular reactions, one involving both ethane and ethylene, and the other ethylene alone. Methane is formed from decomposition of the C 4 H 8 . Propylene and higher hydrocarbons are produced as a result of a bimolecular reaction between C 4 H 8 and ethylene. The kinetics of the proposed mechanism hold good over the widest possible range of ethane + ethylene mixtures. Values for the velocity constants of all these reactions are given, and approximate values of the activation energies have been calculated following a further set of experiments at 450° C.

Download Full-text

Caddisflies from Chernovskie Kopi (Jurassic/Cretaceous of Transbaikalia)

Zoosymposia ◽

10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.37 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 434-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

IRINA D. SUKATSHEVA ◽

DMITRY V. VASSILENKO

Keyword(s):

Time Intervals ◽

Normal Appearance ◽

Fossil Assemblage ◽

The Family ◽

Fossil Site ◽

Short Time ◽

First Time

The Jurassic or Cretaceous insect fossil site Chernovskie Kopi (Siberia, Transbaikalia) has yielded a rich and diverse insect fossil assemblage dominated by caddisflies (Order Trichoptera). Imaginal caddisflies from this site belong to the families Phryganeidae, Dysoneuridae, Philorheithridae, and Calamoceratidae, and the larval cases represent mainly the formal genus Folindusia. The family Philorheithridae is recorded as fossil for the first time. A combination of unusual ecology related to volcanic environments with unexpected abundance of the so-called prophetic larval forms (those occurring for short time intervals well before the time of their normal appearance) resulted in high endemism of the adult assemblage as well as in occurrence of the cases characteristic of much younger caddis case assemblages.

Download Full-text

Двумерная модель рулонных упаковок молекулярных нанолент

Физика твердого тела ◽

10.21883/ftt.2018.04.45700.318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 821

Author(s):

А.В. Савин ◽

М.А. Мазо

Keyword(s):

Single Layer ◽

Molecular Chain ◽

The Other ◽

Simplified Model ◽

Chain Model ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Left And Right ◽

The One ◽

First Time

AbstractA simplified model of the in-plane molecular chain, allowing the description of folded and scrolled packings of molecular nanoribbons of different structures, is proposed. Using this model, possible steady states of single-layer nanoribbons scrolls of graphene, graphane, fluorographene, and fluorographane (graphene hydrogenated on the one side and fluorinated on the other side) are obtained. Their stability is demonstrated and their energy is calculated as a function of the nanoribbon length. It is shown that the scrolled packing is the most energetically favorable nanoribbon conformation at long lengths. The existences of scrolled packings for fluorographene nanoribbons and the existence of two different scroll types corresponding to left- and right-hand Archimedean spirals for fluorographane nanoribbons in the chain model are shown for the first time. The simplicity of the proposed model makes it possible to consider the dynamics of scrolls of rather long molecular nanoribbons at long enough time intervals.

Download Full-text

Modelos alométricos para estimar el área de los foliolos de arveja (Pisum sativum L.)

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol8_num1_art:81 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julio Ricardo Galindo ◽

Jairo Clavijo

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

The Other ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Growth Cycles ◽

Allometric Models ◽

Tropical Environments ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Leaf Dimensions ◽

Short Time ◽

Destructive Methods

La estimación del área foliar de la plantas a partir de las dimensiones de las hojas, sin recurrir a métodos destructivos, permite evaluar los factores que afectan el crecimiento de los cultivos de una manera precisa y en intervalos cortos de tiempo. Con el fin de establecer un modelo para calcular el área foliar de la arveja (Pisum sativum L.) en ambientes de trópico alto propios de la Sabana de Bogotá, se sembraron dos lotes de arveja v. ‘Santa Isabel’ cada uno con 2 ha de extensión en dos semestres diferentes. En cada lote se marcaron 32 puntos para la toma de muestras, de cada punto se escogieron 20 hojas y de cada hoja se tomaron todos los foliolos para medir el largo y el ancho mediante análisis de imágenes. En uno de los lotes se hicieron evaluaciones a los 42 y 62 días después de la siembra; en el otro lote se hizo una única evaluación 72 días después de la siembra. Se estableció que el área de los foliolos y las estípulas de arveja se puede calcular eficientemente mediante modelos alométricos convencionales (largo y ancho) durante las etapas vegetativa y reproductiva del cultivo. El área de estos órganos también se puede estimar con base únicamente en la longitud de la lámina (bajo la forma 0,366L2), modelo con un solo factor que redujo a la mitad el tiempo de evaluación y fue aplicable por igual a los dos ciclos de crecimiento y las dos edades de cultivo. Allometric models for estimating the area of leaflets of pea (Pisum sativum L.)The estimation of foliar area of plants from leaf dimensions, without using destructive methods, allows evaluation of the factors that affect the growth of crops in an precise manner and in short time intervals. In order to establish a model to calculate the foliar area of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in high tropical environments typical of the Sabana of Bogota, two 2-ha plots of ‘Santa Isabel’ variety peas were sown in each of two different semesters. In each plot 32 points were marked for sampling and at each point 20 leaves were chosen and all leaflets from each leaf were measured for length and width using image analysis. In one plot evaluations were made at 42 and 62 days after sowing; in the other plot only one evaluation was made at 72 days after sowing. It was established that the area of the pea leaflets and stipules can be efficiently calculated using conventional allometric models (length and width) during the vegetative and reproductive stages of the crop. The area of these organs can also be estimated based solely on the length of the lamina (under the formula, 0.336 L2), a model with only one factor that reduced in half the time of evaluation and was applicable equally to both growth cycles and crop ages.

Download Full-text

Action of Water-Insoluble Trypsin Derivatives on Fibrinogen Clottability

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655606 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 16 (03/04) ◽

pp. 507-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B Alexander ◽

A Rimon ◽

E Katchalski

Keyword(s):

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Electrophoretic Mobility ◽

The Other ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Peptide Bonds ◽

Esterolytic Activity ◽

Maleic Anhydride Copolymer ◽

Short Time ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Fibrinogen Molecule

SummaryTwo water-insoluble derivatives of trypsin, one prepared by coupling polytyrosyl trypsin to diazotized p-amino-phenylalanine-leucine copolymer (IPTT), the other by coupling trypsin to ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer (IMET), quickly compromise the clotting of fibrinogen by thrombin, as does native trypsin. When used in equivalent caseinolytic or esterolytic activity IMET is much more potent than IPTT. The effects, temperature and concentration dependent, are blocked by trypsin inhibitors. Clotting kinetics are far more affected than the ultimate fibrin yield obtained by thrombin. Marked impairment of clottability is associated with cleavage of 1-2 peptide bonds of the fibrinogen molecule. The early changes are paralleled by release of very small amounts of TCA-soluble tyrosine-containing fragments, and associated with the appearance in the ultracentrifuge of a small amount of a fast sedimenting material. The electrophoretic mobility of the altered fibrinogen remains uniform, but it is significantly slower than the original intact fibrinogen. Fibrinogen that is exposed to the water-insoluble trypsin derivatives for relatively short time intervals will under certain conditions clot spontaneously, indicating that the trypsin splits inter alia the same bonds cleaved by thrombin. The differences between IPTT and IMET in their actions on fibrinogen are attributed to the different nature of the carrier to which trypsin is attached in these water-insoluble derivatives.

Download Full-text

Reproducibility of Within-Subject Breath Alcohol Analysis

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1177/002580249803800213 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rod G Gullberg ◽

Barry K Logan

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

The Other ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Forensic Application ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Normal Distributions ◽

Breath Alcohol ◽

Random Samples ◽

Short Time ◽

Tests For Normality

Random samples from normal distributions are an important assumption for many statistical methods. The present study evaluates this assumption with regard to quantitative breath alcohol analyses. Eight individuals (six male and two female) consumed alcoholic beverages and subsequently provided replicate (n ranging from 22 to 69) breath samples to an infrared breath alcohol instrument within short time intervals. The serially collected data were treated with several descriptive and inferential methods. Descriptive results among the eight individuals included: mean 0.0420–0.1175 g/210L, SD 0.0008–0.0045 g/210L and CV: 1.9%–4.7%. Statistical tests for normality showed seven of the distributions to be reasonably normal (p ≥ 0.25) and the other marginal (p = 0.051). A test for runs about the median showed random results (p ≥ 0.10) for four individuals and non-random (p ≤ 0.01) for the other four. The results suggest an individual's breath alcohol measurement, when appropriately collected and analysed, should be considered a random sample from a normal within-subject distribution. The existing variability in breath alcohol analysis, due largely to biological and sampling considerations, is acceptably minimized to warrant forensic application.

Download Full-text

KETERKAITAN CUACA DI INDONESIA DENGAN FENOMENA BINTIK MATAHARI (SUNSPOT)(RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEATHER IN INDONESIA AND SUNSPOT PHENOMENON)

Agromet ◽

10.29244/j.agromet.21.1.36-46 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

B. Basyaruddin ◽

S. Effendy

Keyword(s):

Circulation Pattern ◽

Global Scale ◽

The Other ◽

The Sun ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Cubic Equation ◽

Other Hand ◽

Sun Activity ◽

Short Time ◽

First Time

The Sun activity was correlation with weather activities in global scale. Shortwave emission from flare sun space could be impact warmer in earth atmosphere only a short time and indirect caused atmospheric circulation pattern through polar direction from equator with more heater than the other palaces. Based on research the sun activity can caused indirect on the earth. On the other hand, atmosphere is in the first time accept effect modify from sun space. The effect is not the same at every layers of atmosphere. In the top atmosphere (Ionosphere) was layer with more free electron at the 225 km level occurred electron density diurnal and seasonal variation depend on sun position, and sun spot cycle. Sun spot impact on Indonesian weather with non-linier cubic equation. Solar radiation higher if increase amount of sun spot in the sun space. On the other hand, temperature and relative humidity influenced by outgoing radiation from earth, latitude and local topography specific than sunspot. It is interesting to note that this study different with literature. This study found average temperature in the tropic area the most highest than others area is contrary with literature.

Download Full-text