scholarly journals The critical role of natural forest as refugium for generalist species in oil palm-dominated landscapes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257814
Author(s):  
Sergio Guerrero-Sanchez ◽  
Benoit Goossens ◽  
Silvester Saimin ◽  
Pablo Orozco-terWengel
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
The Impact

In Borneo, oil palm plantations have replaced much of natural resources, where generalist species tend to be the principal beneficiaries, due to the abundant food provided by oil palm plantations. Here, we analyse the distribution of the Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) population within an oil palm-dominated landscape in the Kinabatangan floodplain, Malaysian Borneo. By using mark-recapture methods we estimated its population size, survival, and growth in forest and plantation habitats. We compared body measurements (i.e. body weight and body length) of individuals living in forest and oil palm habitats as proxy for the population’s health status, and used general least squares estimation models to evaluate its response to highly fragmented landscapes in the absence of intensive hunting pressures. Contrary to previous studies, the abundance of lizards was higher in the forest than in oil palm plantations. Recruitment rates were also higher in the forest, suggesting that these areas may function as a source of new individuals into the landscape. While there were no morphometric differences among plantation sites, we found significant differences among forested areas, where larger lizards were found inhabiting forest adjacent to oil palm plantations. Although abundant in food resources, the limited availability of refugia in oil palm plantations may intensify intra-specific encounters and competition, altering the body size distribution in plantation populations, contrary to what happens in the forest. We conclude that large patches of forest, around and within oil palm plantations, are essential for the dynamics of the monitor lizard population in the Kinabatangan floodplain, as well as a potential source of individuals to the landscape. We recommend assessing this effect in other generalist species, as well as the impact on the prey communities, especially to reinforce the establishment of buffer zones and corridors as a conservation strategy within plantations.

scholarly journals EFL Teachers’ Phonological Awareness Beliefs and Practices: Help or Prevent EFL Children Developing Reading

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Mohammad Alshaboul
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Efl Teacher Education ◽  
The Impact

Families, schools and stakeholders long for developing good readers (Ponitz & Rimm-Kaufman, 2011) and would do all it takes to save young children from becoming illiterate or low achievers (Anthony & Farncis, 2005; Share & Stanovich, 1995; Snowling, 1998). Since the landmark study of Moats (1994), a flow of research has targeted teacher education advocating for teachers being competent in PA (Carlisle, Kelcey, Rowan, & Phelps, 2011; Kennedy, 2013; Washburn et al., 2017). EFL teachers’ proficiency seems to contribute to the reading difficulties that early graders encounter. This paper investigates the knowledge, beliefs, practices and awareness in phonological awareness (PA) of twohundred and ten ramdonly selected EFL in-service teachers and then examines the impact of teachers’ experiences, qualifications, and gender on shaping teachers’ instruction. The researchers used a four-section survey to collect teachers’ demographic information, perceived and actual knowledge of phonological awareness and classroom practices related to PA, phonics, and syllabication. The results reported teachers as moderate level in the beliefs, practice and awareness of PA. In terms of teachers’ knowledge in PA, however, results showed teachers lacking the basics in teaching reading. This study adds to the body of literature and sheds light on the status quo of EFL in-service teachers’ competency and brings to the attention of every stakeholder the critical role EFL teachers play in helping EFL children become readers. Although the results point towards teachers as possible cause behind children’s low-literacy level, this study raises important questions for further investigations, and implications for EFL teacher education and preparation are highlighted.

scholarly journals Identifikasi dan Pola Infestasi Caplak pada Biawak Air (Varanus salvator, Byers, d. 2000)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Aditiya Amelia ◽  
Rahaju Ernawati ◽  
Poedji Hastutiek ◽  
Muchammad Yunus ◽  
Boedi Setiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Infestation Pattern

The aim of this study is to identify the type of ticks infestation pattern on water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator, Byers, D. 2000) with regard parameters water monitor lizard species, stadium and region of the water monitor lizard’s body. The total samples of 250 ticks from 30 water monitor lizard (18 male lizards and 12 female lizards) were collected every day starting from noon to evening during July to August 2019 at the monitor slaughtering place in Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency. The tick samples were identified by the permanent mounting slide method without staining and put in bottles containing 10% KOH for 1-10 hours, then each stadium used a nikon eclipse E100 microscope with a 40x magnification binocular microscope. Data was analyzed using Multiple Correspondance Analytics. The result indicate that 30 V. salvator (100%) are positive infested by tick and the samples obtained consisted of 133 Aponomma sp. and 117 Amblyomma sp. in all regions of the body.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON NURSES’ PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Karem ◽  
Yazen N. Mahmood ◽  
Alaa S. Jameel ◽  
Abd Rahman Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normative Commitment ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
The Impact

The purpose: The purpose of this study was to find the impact of organizational commitment and Job satisfaction on nurses’ job performance. Methodology: The study conducted at the hospital of Ibn al-Athir and employed a quantitative method by structured questionnaires to collect the data. 200 questionnaires were distributed randomly and only 108 valid surveys likewise; the valid questionnaires have been analyzed by SPSS to exam the impact of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on job performance. Findings: the results indicated there is a positive and significant impact of Job satisfaction on nurses' performance. However, the three components of organizational commitment, Affective Commitment, Continuance Commitment, and Normative Commitment have a positive and significant impact on nurse's performance. The findings of this research indicate that employees ' job satisfaction and organizational commitment components play a critical role in nurses' performance. Implications: of this study to enrich the body of literature in the context of Iraq, which is suffering from a lack of studies related to nurses' performance. Novelty: the study provided useful and valuable recommendations to hospitals to increase nurse performance in the context of Iraq.

scholarly journals Identification of Acanthocephala on Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) Human Consumed in Sidoarjo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ahmad Herdianto Wicaksono ◽  
Emmanuel Djoko Poetranto ◽  
Tatik Hernawati ◽  
Boedi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The People ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
High Possibility

Water monitor lizards are consumed by humans for its meat. The demand this reptile consumption because the taste and belief of the people in healing disease. Based on habitat and food, they have the potential to transmit zoonosis and have a high possibility of being infested by parasites. One of the possible disease that could infect water monitor and transmitted to human is acanthocephaliasis, infection from Acanthocephalan. Which previous research found Acanthocephala on intestine of frog. This research aims to know and identify Acanthochepala worms that infect water monitor lizards. Based on the results, 40 samples were used and there are 2 positive samples with Acanthocephalan in the body cavity.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus-Based Probiotics Reduce the Adverse Effects of Stress in Rodents: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Mindus ◽  
Jennifer Ellis ◽  
Nienke van Staaveren ◽  
Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Lactobacillus species play a critical role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Consequently, they have the potential to aid in the treatment of psychological disorders. The impact of Lactobacillus supplementation on the stress responses triggering psychological disorders has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to summarize the body of research assessing the effects of Lactobacillus-based probiotics in rodents that underwent an experimental stress treatment or not. The duration of immobility in a Forced Swim Test (FST) was the outcome used to measure changes induced by various treatments. Four online databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published in English. Fourteen studies meeting the criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of probiotic supplementation and stress treatment on the duration of immobility in the FST were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots. Our analysis shows that Lactobacillus-based probiotic supplements significantly reduce immobility in the FST (P < 0.001) in stressed rodents. However, probiotics did not affect the rodents that did not undergo the stress treatment (P = 0.168). These findings provide a better understanding of the potential of Lactobacillus-based probiotics for the management of stress-induced behavior.

scholarly journals Dual binding capacity of mucosal immunoblasts to mucosal and synovial endothelium in humans: dissection of the molecular mechanisms.

1995 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Salmi ◽  
D P Andrew ◽  
E C Butcher ◽  
S Jalkanen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Lamina Propria Lymphocyte ◽  
The Impact

Lymphocytes continuously migrate throughout the body in search of antigens. Virgin lymphocytes recirculate freely between the blood and different lymphatic organs, whereas immunoblasts extravasate preferentially into sites similar to those where they initially responded to antigen. Tissue-specific extravasation of lymphocytes is largely controlled by distinct lymphocyte surface receptors that mediate lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules (HEV). In the present study, the molecular mechanisms determining the specificity of human mucosal (lamina propria) lymphocyte binding to different endothelial recognition systems were analyzed. Mucosal immunoblasts adhered five times better than small mucosal lymphocytes to mucosal HEV. Importantly, mucosal immunoblasts also bound to synovial HEV almost as efficiently as to mucosal HEV, but they did not adhere to peripheral lymph node HEV. To study the impact of different homing-associated molecules in this dual endothelial binding, we used a gut-derived T cell line and freshly isolated mucosal immunoblasts. Both cell types expressed integrins alpha 4, beta 1, beta 7, and lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), and were CD44 positive, but practically L-selectin negative. Binding of mucosal immunoblasts to mucosal HEV was almost completely abolished by pretreatment with anti-beta 7 monoclonal antibodies, but it was independent of alpha 4/beta 1 function. In contrast, alpha 4/beta 1 partially mediated immunoblast adherence to synovial HEV, whereas alpha 4/beta 7 had only a minor role in adherence of blasts at this site. CD44 and LFA-1 contributed to HEV-binding both in mucosa and synovium. Taken together, this is the first report that demonstrates a critical role for alpha 4/beta 7 in the binding of gut lymphocytes to mucosal venules in humans. Moreover, a hitherto unknown interaction between mucosal effector cells and synovial endothelial cells was shown to be only partially mediated by the currently known homing receptors. The dual endothelial binding capacity of mucosal blasts may help to explain the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis not uncommonly associated with inflammatory and infectious bowel disease.

scholarly journals Bat Assemblage in an Oil Palm Plantation from the Colombian Llanos Foothills

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
María Alejandra Cely-Gómez ◽  
◽  
Dennis Castillo-Figueroa ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Torres ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
The Impact

The surge of oil palm production in the Neotropics has become a major concern about the potential impacts on biodiversity. In the Colombian Orinoquia, which has shown a massive landscape transformation due to the growth of oil palm plantations, the effects of oil palm agriculture on bats in this region have not been studied up to date. To understand the impact of habitat conversion on bat diversity, we characterised bat assemblages in secondary forest and palm plantations in the Colombian Piedmont foothills (Meta, Colombia). We captured 393 individuals (forest = 81, plantation = 312) of 18 species and three families. The forest cover presented three exclusive species while the plantation had five. Species diversity (q1) and evenness (J’) were higher in the forest compared to the plantation. These differences derived from the increase in abundances of generalist species (Artibeus sp., Carollia spp.) in the plantation. Despite the habitat simplification caused by oil palm plantations, this monoculture provides a cover that is used by some bats, decreasing their risk of predation and allowing movement between patches of forest habitat as stepping-stones. Maintaining forest cover in agricultural landscapes favours diversity by generating a “spillover effect” of the forest towards plantations, which in the case of some bats contributes to the reduction of species isolation and the maintenance of ecosystem services provided by them. It is important to improve management practices of oil palm plantations to minimise negative impacts on biodiversity, considering the expansion of this productive system and the scarcity of protected areas in this region.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Parasit pada Biawak Air (Varanus salvator)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanafiah ◽  
Hoky Deora Alfiansyah ◽  
Arman Sayuti
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Digestive Tract Surgery ◽  
Flotation Method

This research has purposes to identify parasites as well as to reward determining the prevalence of parasites on water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) was captured in Banda Aceh. As many as 50 water monitor lizard were used this research and examined at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Syiah Kuala. Examination of ectoparasites on the surface of the body was done by direct examination. Endoparasit examination carried out by observation in blood using the blood smear and centrifugation techniques microhematocrit (mHCT), while fecal examination using flotation method, Borray sedimentation and digestive tract surgery digestive tract surgery if obtained at least 3 types of helminth eggs (1 cestodes, 1 nematodes, and 1 trematodes). Results of observation on blood is no parasites were found. Observations on the skin was obtained ectoparasites Amblyomma sp. with a prevalence rate of 100% category always. Observations of feces obtained Ascaris sp. with a prevalence rate of 74% category usualy and Stronyloides spp. with a prevalence rate of 8% category sometimes. Based on these results it can be concluded that the parasites that can infest the water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) is Amblyomma sp, Ascaris sp, and Stronyloides spp. with variant  prevalence rates.

The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽  
Mahalakshmi Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

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