Identifikasi Parasit pada Biawak Air (Varanus salvator)

This research has purposes to identify parasites as well as to reward determining the prevalence of parasites on water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) was captured in Banda Aceh. As many as 50 water monitor lizard were used this research and examined at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Syiah Kuala. Examination of ectoparasites on the surface of the body was done by direct examination. Endoparasit examination carried out by observation in blood using the blood smear and centrifugation techniques microhematocrit (mHCT), while fecal examination using flotation method, Borray sedimentation and digestive tract surgery digestive tract surgery if obtained at least 3 types of helminth eggs (1 cestodes, 1 nematodes, and 1 trematodes). Results of observation on blood is no parasites were found. Observations on the skin was obtained ectoparasites Amblyomma sp. with a prevalence rate of 100% category always. Observations of feces obtained Ascaris sp. with a prevalence rate of 74% category usualy and Stronyloides spp. with a prevalence rate of 8% category sometimes. Based on these results it can be concluded that the parasites that can infest the water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) is Amblyomma sp, Ascaris sp, and Stronyloides spp. with variant prevalence rates.

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The critical role of natural forest as refugium for generalist species in oil palm-dominated landscapes

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0257814

Author(s):

Sergio Guerrero-Sanchez ◽

Benoit Goossens ◽

Silvester Saimin ◽

Pablo Orozco-terWengel

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Critical Role ◽

The Body ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Generalist Species ◽

Monitor Lizard ◽

Varanus Salvator ◽

Forested Areas ◽

The Impact

In Borneo, oil palm plantations have replaced much of natural resources, where generalist species tend to be the principal beneficiaries, due to the abundant food provided by oil palm plantations. Here, we analyse the distribution of the Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) population within an oil palm-dominated landscape in the Kinabatangan floodplain, Malaysian Borneo. By using mark-recapture methods we estimated its population size, survival, and growth in forest and plantation habitats. We compared body measurements (i.e. body weight and body length) of individuals living in forest and oil palm habitats as proxy for the population’s health status, and used general least squares estimation models to evaluate its response to highly fragmented landscapes in the absence of intensive hunting pressures. Contrary to previous studies, the abundance of lizards was higher in the forest than in oil palm plantations. Recruitment rates were also higher in the forest, suggesting that these areas may function as a source of new individuals into the landscape. While there were no morphometric differences among plantation sites, we found significant differences among forested areas, where larger lizards were found inhabiting forest adjacent to oil palm plantations. Although abundant in food resources, the limited availability of refugia in oil palm plantations may intensify intra-specific encounters and competition, altering the body size distribution in plantation populations, contrary to what happens in the forest. We conclude that large patches of forest, around and within oil palm plantations, are essential for the dynamics of the monitor lizard population in the Kinabatangan floodplain, as well as a potential source of individuals to the landscape. We recommend assessing this effect in other generalist species, as well as the impact on the prey communities, especially to reinforce the establishment of buffer zones and corridors as a conservation strategy within plantations.

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Identifikasi dan Pola Infestasi Caplak pada Biawak Air (Varanus salvator, Byers, d. 2000)

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v4i1.20274 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kartika Aditiya Amelia ◽

Rahaju Ernawati ◽

Poedji Hastutiek ◽

Muchammad Yunus ◽

Boedi Setiawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Monitor Lizard ◽

Varanus Salvator ◽

Binocular Microscope ◽

Infestation Pattern

The aim of this study is to identify the type of ticks infestation pattern on water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator, Byers, D. 2000) with regard parameters water monitor lizard species, stadium and region of the water monitor lizard’s body. The total samples of 250 ticks from 30 water monitor lizard (18 male lizards and 12 female lizards) were collected every day starting from noon to evening during July to August 2019 at the monitor slaughtering place in Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency. The tick samples were identified by the permanent mounting slide method without staining and put in bottles containing 10% KOH for 1-10 hours, then each stadium used a nikon eclipse E100 microscope with a 40x magnification binocular microscope. Data was analyzed using Multiple Correspondance Analytics. The result indicate that 30 V. salvator (100%) are positive infested by tick and the samples obtained consisted of 133 Aponomma sp. and 117 Amblyomma sp. in all regions of the body.

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Identifikasi Protozoa pada Darah dan Saluran Pencernaan Biawak Air (Varanus salvator)

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v4i1.20273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azizah Bilqis Nurkarimah ◽

Mufasirin Mufasirin ◽

Ratna Damayanti ◽

Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽

Boedi Setiawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Blood Smear ◽

Giemsa Stain ◽

Single Infection ◽

Thin Blood Smear ◽

Observation Study ◽

Fecal Examination ◽

Monitor Lizard ◽

Varanus Salvator ◽

Made In

The aim of this research is to identify the variaous of protozoa in the bloodanddigestive tract on water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) was captured in Sidoarjo, East Java. This research was taken on March until June 2019. This research used a non-experimental method through an observation study. As many as 50 water monitor lizard were used this research and examined at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga.The samples of this research were made in thin blood smear using Giemsa stain, while fecal examination using native method, sucrose flotation, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain.The results showed that two various of protozoa found were single infection. Observations on the blood was obtained Haemogregarina sp. (14%) and observations of feces obtained Eimeria sp. (2%). The conclusion of this research indicate that type of protozoa was Haemogregarina sp. and Eimeria sp. were found on water monitor lizard(Varanus salvator).

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Identification of Ectoparasites and Endoparasites on Java Langurs (Trachypithecus sp.) and Silvery Gibbons (Hylobates moloch) in The Aspinall Foundation Indonesia Program

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v5i1.29960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Ghifari Lutfi Fauzi ◽

Endang Suprihati ◽

Poedji Hastutiek ◽

Boedi Setiawan ◽

Retno Wulansari

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Rate ◽

Trichuris Trichiura ◽

West Java ◽

Fecal Examination ◽

Hylobates Moloch ◽

Examination Methods ◽

Flotation Method

This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate and to identify parasites (endoparasite and ectoparasite) on Java Langur and Silvery Gibbon, these primates are rehabilitated in The Aspinall Foundation Indonesia Program. This research was conducted from February until October 2020. The fecal examination methods used in this research were native method and ovatec flotation method, while the ectoparasite examination used native method, mounting method, and scraping method. Based on a total of 68 samples examined, the result showed that 10 samples were positive infected by Trichuris trichiura and 2 samples were infested by Pedicinus ancoratus. The conclusion of this study indicated that the prevalence rate of Trichuris trichiura was 21.1% and Pedicinus ancoratus was 5.3% on 19 West Java Langurs, the prevalence rate of Trichuris trichiura was 3.3% and Pedicinus ancoratus was 3.3% on 30 East Java Langurs, the prevalence rate of Trichuris trichiura was 26.3% and no infestation of Pedicinus ancoratus was found on 19 Silvery Gibbons.

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Identification of Acanthocephala on Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) Human Consumed in Sidoarjo

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v4i2.29159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Ahmad Herdianto Wicaksono ◽

Emmanuel Djoko Poetranto ◽

Tatik Hernawati ◽

Boedi Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Body Cavity ◽

The Body ◽

The People ◽

Monitor Lizard ◽

Varanus Salvator ◽

Monitor Lizards ◽

High Possibility

Water monitor lizards are consumed by humans for its meat. The demand this reptile consumption because the taste and belief of the people in healing disease. Based on habitat and food, they have the potential to transmit zoonosis and have a high possibility of being infested by parasites. One of the possible disease that could infect water monitor and transmitted to human is acanthocephaliasis, infection from Acanthocephalan. Which previous research found Acanthocephala on intestine of frog. This research aims to know and identify Acanthochepala worms that infect water monitor lizards. Based on the results, 40 samples were used and there are 2 positive samples with Acanthocephalan in the body cavity.

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Studi Histokimia Usus Biawak Air (Varanus salvator bivittatus) (Reptil: Varanidae)

10.31227/osf.io/cw8ts ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mahfud Mahfud ◽

Ernawati

Keyword(s):

Tissue Sample ◽

Histological Section ◽

Tissue Perfusion ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Biological Information ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Monitor Lizard ◽

Varanus Salvator ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin ◽

Paraffin Method

Biological information, behaviour and suitable habitat of water monitor was very less in order to support its maintenance management and breeding efforts. One of important information is the information of digestive tract, particularly the information about the structure of intestine tissue of water monitor. Sample in this research was intestine organ of water monitor. The animal was anesthetized, exanguinated, and fixed in paraformaldehyde 4% by tissue perfusion method. The intestine tissue sample for histological section with paraffin method was cutted with 3-4 μm thick and coloured with hematoxylin eosin (HE). Observation were performed to the structure of intestine histology. The results was analysed descriptively and presented in figures. Monitor lizard intestine consist of small intestine and large intestine. The small intestinal wall was observed similar to jejunum and ileum. The large intestinal wall was composed of transitional ephytelia and connective tissue. However, the ephytelial layer in this tissue was composed of transitional ephytelia that similar to vesica urinaria and there are no villi.

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Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

10.31227/osf.io/qugw6 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mahfud Mahfud ◽

Ihwan

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Tissue Perfusion ◽

Animal Population ◽

Varanus Salvator ◽

Commercial Purpose ◽

Left And Right ◽

Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

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Anticancer Properties of Asian Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator), Python (Malayopython reticulatus) and Tortoise (Cuora kamaroma amboinensis)

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520620666200504103056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 1558-1570

Author(s):

Shareni Jeyamogan ◽

Naveed A. Khan ◽

Kuppusamy Sagathevan ◽

Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽

Monitor Lizard ◽

Varanus Salvator ◽

Asian Water

Background: Cancer contributes to significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment and supportive care. There is a need for the identification of effective anticancer agents. Reptiles such as tortoise, python, and water monitor lizards are exposed to heavy metals, tolerate high levels of radiation, feed on rotten/germ-infested feed, thrive in unsanitary habitat and yet have prolonged lifespans. Such species are rarely reported to develop cancer, suggesting the presence of anticancer molecules/mechanisms. Methods: Here, we tested effects from sera of Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), python (Malayopython reticulatus) and tortoise (Cuora kamaroma amboinensis) against cancer cells. Sera were collected and cytotoxicity assays were performed using prostate cancer cells (PC3), Henrietta Lacks cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7), as well as human keratinized skin cells (Hacat), by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as an indicator for cell death. Growth inhibition assays were performed to determine the effects on cancer cell proliferation. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was performed for molecular identification. Results: The findings revealed that reptilian sera, but not bovine serum, abolished viability of Hela, PC3 and MCF7 cells. Samples were subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, which detected 57 molecules from V. salvator, 81 molecules from Malayopython reticulatus and 33 molecules from C. kamaroma amboinensis and putatively identified 9 molecules from V. salvator, 20 molecules from Malayopython reticulatus and 9 molecules from C. kamaroma amboinensis when matched against METLIN database. Based on peptide amino acid composition, binary profile, dipeptide composition and pseudo-amino acid composition, 123 potential Anticancer Peptides (ACPs) were identified from 883 peptides from V. salvator, 306 potential ACPs from 1074 peptides from Malayopython reticulatus and 235 potential ACPs from 885 peptides from C. kamaroma amboinensis. Conclusion: To our knowledge, for the first time, we reported comprehensive analyses of selected reptiles’ sera using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of potentially novel anticancer agents. We hope that the discovery of molecules from these animals will pave the way for the rational development of new anticancer agents.

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Some Experiments on the Extra-Corporeal Hatching of the Eggs of Ascaris suum

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00031084 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 69-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. W. Fenwick

Keyword(s):

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Sodium Carbonate ◽

Ascaris Suum ◽

The Body ◽

Very Old ◽

The Past ◽

Pancreatic Fluid ◽

Sand Cultures ◽

Made In

Numerous attempts have been made in the past to induce the eggs of Ascaris suum to hatch outside the body of the host. Extra-corporeal hatching has been observed under a variety of conditions by different workers. Kondo (1920, 1922), Asada (1921) and others record hatching in water, charcoal and sand cultures. Wharton (1915) states that hatching will occur in alkaline digestive juices, while Martin (1913) records a similar phenomenon in pancreatic fluid. Many different explanations have been offered to explain this hatching. Wharton suggested that the interaction of algae and sand might have some effect. Ohba (1923), who found that hatching would occur in 0·2% hydrochloric acid and 0·2% sodium carbonate believed that extra-corporeal hatching was limited to very old cultures of eggs. Many workers are of the opinion that some stimulus normally present in the digestive tract is necessary for hatching.

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