scholarly journals Identification of Acanthocephala on Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) Human Consumed in Sidoarjo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ahmad Herdianto Wicaksono ◽  
Emmanuel Djoko Poetranto ◽  
Tatik Hernawati ◽  
Boedi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The People ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
High Possibility

Water monitor lizards are consumed by humans for its meat. The demand this reptile consumption because the taste and belief of the people in healing disease. Based on habitat and food, they have the potential to transmit zoonosis and have a high possibility of being infested by parasites. One of the possible disease that could infect water monitor and transmitted to human is acanthocephaliasis, infection from Acanthocephalan. Which previous research found Acanthocephala on intestine of frog. This research aims to know and identify Acanthochepala worms that infect water monitor lizards. Based on the results, 40 samples were used and there are 2 positive samples with Acanthocephalan in the body cavity.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Organ of Water Monitor Lizard, Varanus salvator bivittatus (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Male Reproductive Organ ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Asian Water

One of the majority species of Varanidae is Varanus salvator or which commonly known as water monitor lizards (water monitor) or Asian water monitor lizard. This species is the most widely spread out of the all varanids. In Indonesia, V. salvator are distributed in almost all islands, from Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku and Flores. Subspecies V. s. bivittatus was found only in Java, Bali and South East Islands [1]. The information on reproductive biological aspects of the V. s. bivittatus, especially the male reproductive organs is limited. Therefore, the study was aim to explore the male reproductive organs system of V. s. bivittatus that focused on macroscopic evaluation. Two adult male lizards with 45.60 cm SVL from Bogor area were used in this study. The lizard were anesthetized and exanguinated to sacrifice and fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde through perfusion then followed by visceral observation and morphometric carefully measurement. All the observation finding and collected data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and figures. Morphometric data were tabulated in the form of the average (mean) ± standard deviation (SD). Male reproductive organs of the V. s. bivittatus were generally similar to other reptiles such as snakes and lizards, with characteristics a pair of hemipenes. Epididymis was not formed of head, body and radix segment. The deferent duct is a small, straight and short duct which connected the epididymis to cloaca.

scholarly journals The critical role of natural forest as refugium for generalist species in oil palm-dominated landscapes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257814
Author(s):  
Sergio Guerrero-Sanchez ◽  
Benoit Goossens ◽  
Silvester Saimin ◽  
Pablo Orozco-terWengel
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
The Impact

In Borneo, oil palm plantations have replaced much of natural resources, where generalist species tend to be the principal beneficiaries, due to the abundant food provided by oil palm plantations. Here, we analyse the distribution of the Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) population within an oil palm-dominated landscape in the Kinabatangan floodplain, Malaysian Borneo. By using mark-recapture methods we estimated its population size, survival, and growth in forest and plantation habitats. We compared body measurements (i.e. body weight and body length) of individuals living in forest and oil palm habitats as proxy for the population’s health status, and used general least squares estimation models to evaluate its response to highly fragmented landscapes in the absence of intensive hunting pressures. Contrary to previous studies, the abundance of lizards was higher in the forest than in oil palm plantations. Recruitment rates were also higher in the forest, suggesting that these areas may function as a source of new individuals into the landscape. While there were no morphometric differences among plantation sites, we found significant differences among forested areas, where larger lizards were found inhabiting forest adjacent to oil palm plantations. Although abundant in food resources, the limited availability of refugia in oil palm plantations may intensify intra-specific encounters and competition, altering the body size distribution in plantation populations, contrary to what happens in the forest. We conclude that large patches of forest, around and within oil palm plantations, are essential for the dynamics of the monitor lizard population in the Kinabatangan floodplain, as well as a potential source of individuals to the landscape. We recommend assessing this effect in other generalist species, as well as the impact on the prey communities, especially to reinforce the establishment of buffer zones and corridors as a conservation strategy within plantations.

scholarly journals Dietary Correlates of Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Water Monitor Lizard, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Du ◽  
Jun-Qiong Chen ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jian-Chao Fu ◽  
Chi-Xian Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Numerous studies have demonstrated that food shapes the structure and composition of the host’s oral and gut microbiota. The disorder of oral and gut microbiota may trigger various host diseases. Here, we collected oral and gut samples from wild water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator) and their captive conspecifics fed with bullfrogs, eggs, and depilated chicken, aiming to examine dietary correlates of oral and gut microbiota. We used the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to analyze the composition of the microbiota. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla in the oral microbiota, and so were in the gut microbiota. The alpha diversity of microbiota was significantly higher in the gut than in the oral cavity, and the alpha diversity of oral microbiota was higher in captive lizards than in wild conspecifics. Comparing the relative abundance of oral and gut bacteria and their gene functions, differences among different animal groups presumably resulted from human contact in artificial breeding environments and complex food processing. Differences in gene function might be related to the absolute number and/or the taxonomic abundance of oral and gut microorganisms in the wild and the water environment. This study provides not only basic information about the oral and gut microbiota of captive and wild water monitor lizards, but also an inference that feeding on frogs and aquatic products and reducing human exposure help water monitor lizards maintain a microbiota similar to that in the wild environment.

scholarly journals Identifikasi dan Pola Infestasi Caplak pada Biawak Air (Varanus salvator, Byers, d. 2000)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Aditiya Amelia ◽  
Rahaju Ernawati ◽  
Poedji Hastutiek ◽  
Muchammad Yunus ◽  
Boedi Setiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Infestation Pattern

The aim of this study is to identify the type of ticks infestation pattern on water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator, Byers, D. 2000) with regard parameters water monitor lizard species, stadium and region of the water monitor lizard’s body. The total samples of 250 ticks from 30 water monitor lizard (18 male lizards and 12 female lizards) were collected every day starting from noon to evening during July to August 2019 at the monitor slaughtering place in Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency. The tick samples were identified by the permanent mounting slide method without staining and put in bottles containing 10% KOH for 1-10 hours, then each stadium used a nikon eclipse E100 microscope with a 40x magnification binocular microscope. Data was analyzed using Multiple Correspondance Analytics. The result indicate that 30 V. salvator (100%) are positive infested by tick and the samples obtained consisted of 133 Aponomma sp. and 117 Amblyomma sp. in all regions of the body.

Identification of Antibacterial Molecule(s) from Animals Living in Polluted Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-437
Author(s):  
Foo Y.M. Winnie ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Kuppusamy Sagathevan ◽  
Naveed A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Background: Snakes feed on germ-infested rodents, while water monitor lizards thrive on rotten matter in unhygienic conditions. We hypothesize that such creatures survive the assault of superbugs and are able to fend off disease by producing antimicrobial substances. In this study, we investigated the potential antibacterial activity of sera/lysates of animals living in polluted environments. Methods: Snake (Reticulatus malayanus), rats (Rattus rattus), water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), frog (Lithobates catesbeianus), fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and pigeon (Columba livia) were dissected and their organ lysates/sera were collected. Crude extracts were tested for bactericidal effects against neuropathogenic E. coli K1, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. To determine whether lysates/sera protect human cells against bacterialmediated damage, cytotoxicity assays were performed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as an indicator of cell death. Lysates/sera were partially characterized using heat-treatment and pronasetreatment and peptide sequences were determined using the Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: Snake and water monitor lizard sera exhibited potent broad-spectrum bactericidal effects against all bacteria tested. Heat inactivation and pronase-treatment inhibited bactericidal effects indicating that activity is heat-labile and pronase-sensitive suggesting that active molecules are proteinaceous in nature. LCMS analyses revealed the molecular identities of peptides. Conclusion: The results revealed that python that feeds on germ-infested rodents and water monitor lizards that feed on rotten organic waste possess antibacterial activity in a heat-sensitive manner and several peptides were identified. We hope that the discovery of antibacterial activity in the sera of animals living in polluted environments will stimulate research in finding antibacterial agents from unusual sources as this has the potential for the development of novel strategies in the control of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Sparganosis (Spirometra spp.) in Asian Water Monitor (Varanus salvator): A medical implications for veterinarians, breeders, and consumers

2021 ◽  
pp. 2482-2487
Author(s):  
Aditya Yudhana ◽  
Ratih Novita Praja ◽  
Anjani Marisa Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
Asian Water

Background and Aim: The high prevalence of sparganosis has been reported globally, especially in Asian countries where the majority of individuals consume raw meat from wild-caught reptiles. In Indonesia, similar cases regarding the high prevalence of sparganosis were recorded from wild reptiles such as snakes that utilized for culinary purposes, whereas, there are no data regarding other species such as water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), which also provided as daily culinary with a high number of trades. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of sparganosis in water monitor lizard (V. salvator), which is frequently utilized as culinary products in East Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 313 living wild-caught and captive-bred Asian water monitor lizards were collected from the reptile markets and breeders. All samples were euthanized and observed for the presence of plerocercoid. Identification of the plerocercoid as larval infective stage was made using carmine staining method. Results: The total prevalence of sparganosis was recorded at 69.64%. A total of 393 plerocercoids were collected in which divided 280 (71.24%) infecting muscles and 113 (28.75%) located in subcutaneous tissues. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study not only recorded as the first evidence but also confirms the role of monitor lizards as sparganosis transmitters in Asia and reveals additional routes of sparganosis transmission in Indonesian reptiles. Local conservation laws should be strengthened to effectively control or ban wildlife trade in traditional markets. Moreover, public awareness regarding sparganosis as a neglected zoonotic disease should be applied to prevent disease transmission in Indonesia.

Study Anatomy of Vertebrae Caudalis Asiatic Water Monitor (Varanus salvator)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Rakhmiyati ◽  
Muhammad Jafar Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Asiatic water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) is a type of reptile that can be found in several countries on the Asian continent. In Indonesia this species can be found in the Sunda plain (Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara) and Maluku (the Sula and Obi islands). Asiatic water monitor lizard is long tailed reptile. The functions of tail as a movement aid, to maintain balance, a place to store energy, sexual appearance, and reproduction. The caudalis vertebrae in asiatic water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) has a structure consisting of centrum, processus, cotyle, condilus, and constriction area. To observe the caudal vertebrae in monitor lizards the experiment was done by cleaning all the sticky tissue, then observed using a stereo microscope with a magnification of 0.8X. The result showed that blood vessels and nerve tissue were protected by sturdy bones.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Parasit pada Biawak Air (Varanus salvator)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanafiah ◽  
Hoky Deora Alfiansyah ◽  
Arman Sayuti
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Digestive Tract Surgery ◽  
Flotation Method

This research has purposes to identify parasites as well as to reward determining the prevalence of parasites on water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) was captured in Banda Aceh. As many as 50 water monitor lizard were used this research and examined at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Syiah Kuala. Examination of ectoparasites on the surface of the body was done by direct examination. Endoparasit examination carried out by observation in blood using the blood smear and centrifugation techniques microhematocrit (mHCT), while fecal examination using flotation method, Borray sedimentation and digestive tract surgery digestive tract surgery if obtained at least 3 types of helminth eggs (1 cestodes, 1 nematodes, and 1 trematodes). Results of observation on blood is no parasites were found. Observations on the skin was obtained ectoparasites Amblyomma sp. with a prevalence rate of 100% category always. Observations of feces obtained Ascaris sp. with a prevalence rate of 74% category usualy and Stronyloides spp. with a prevalence rate of 8% category sometimes. Based on these results it can be concluded that the parasites that can infest the water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) is Amblyomma sp, Ascaris sp, and Stronyloides spp. with variant  prevalence rates.

scholarly journals Histological Structure of the Varanus Salvator Kidney

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Ida Khoirunnisa’
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Distal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Physics Laboratory ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
Bowman's Capsule ◽  
Paraffin Method

Varanus salvator is known as the monitor lizard. This animal is a subspecies of endemic Indonesian monitor lizards which is only found in Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara (except Timor Island). This study aims to determine the histological structure of the monitor lizard (Varanus salvator). The research was carried out for two months starting from September 2019 to October 2019 at the Animal Physics Laboratory and Zoology of UIN Sunan Kalijaga. The method used is the paraffin method. The results of the study were analyzed in a comparative descriptive manner by observation through a microscope and then taken using a camera. Based on the results of studies lizards (Varanus salvator) have distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule, glomerulus, medullary ray and bowman’s capsule.

Senam Sehat dalam Meningkatkan Imun Tubuh pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di Desa Peringgasela Selatan

10.29210/9940 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Muhammad Husni Tamim ◽  
Rina Nopiana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The People ◽  
Real Work ◽  
Sports Activities

Doing physical activity can make the body fit and increase the body's immunity to be able to fight the virus during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on this, sports activities are needed to invite people to maintain their physical health through healthy exercise activities which are held aimed at increasing people's interest in exercising during the Covid-19 pandemic during new normal so that their body endurance is better. This community service (PKM) is a form of real work from the Hamzanwadi University Physical Education and Health Study Program for the people of South Pringgasela Village to participate in healthy gymnastics as an effort to prevent Covid-19. Healthy gymnastics activities can increase public awareness of the importance of maintaining health in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic.

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