scholarly journals Acclimation of cadmium-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mung bean seedlings by priming effect of phytohormones and proline

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257924
Author(s):  
Meher Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Israr ◽  
Simeen Mansoor ◽  
Syeda Amna Hussain ◽  
Faiza Basheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

In this research, eight local mung bean (Vigna radiata) varieties were analyzed for their performance against two levels of CdCl2 solution (0.3 and 0.5 mM) alone and priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) (100 μM), salicylic acid (SA) (50 μM) and proline (5 mM) solution prior to Cd exposure. Mung bean seedlings were analyzed for disturbance in cytological, morphological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters under cadmium stress. For cytological studies, 48 h grown mung bean seedlings root tips were used to prepare slides and studied for percent mitotic index (MI%) and to calculate percent C-mitosis, laggard, sticky and fragmented chromosomes, pictures were captured by a Nikon camera (DS-Fi 1 Japan) attached with a microscope. One-week grown mung seedlings were studied for growth traits, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes. ANOVA and DMR test of this research revealed that all the tested mung bean varieties and treatments were significantly different regarding mitotic index and number of chromosomal aberrations. Both the Cd treatments exhibited increased total chromosomal aberrations with different types and a maximum decrease in MI%. In pretreated samples, GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples. Both the Cd treatments showed a decrease in all growth traits. Total proteins were also found to be significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all genotypes. Cd treatment increased the activities of all antioxidant enzymes tested. Cd caused oxidative damage as indicated by elevated levels of MDA content in treated samples in comparison to control. Proline content levels were also high in Cd treated seedlings indicating stress. Results demonstrated that pretreatment with phytohormones and proline before Cd were found to improve all morphological parameters, by altering antioxidant enzymes activities along with a decrease in MDA and proline contents as well. It was further noticed that the performance of GA3 was better at 0.3 mM Cd treatment while SA was found to be a good mitigating agent at 0.5 mM Cd stress in all tested mung bean varieties. This research concluded less deleterious effects of Cd on AZRI-2006 while more sensitivity to NM-51 towards Cd. Priming with phytohormones and proline is a user-friendly, economical, and simple mitigation strategy to reduce Cd toxicity in plants and get better yield from contaminated lands.

Effects of magnetic treatment on the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and endogenous hormone levels in Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ under cadmium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Liu ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Haoran Cui ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Sisheng Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Populus Euramericana

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil has become a serious worldwide environmental and health problem. Cd is easily taken up by plants and translocated to aboveground tissues. A pot experiment was carried out to explore the role of the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle and endogenous hormones in enhancing Cd tolerance and promoting translocation of Cd in one-year-old seedlings of Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’. The antioxidant substances ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); the activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHAR); the levels of the endogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin riboside (ZR); and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated after 30 days of irrigation with half-Hoagland solution containing 0 or 100 μmol·L–1 Cd(NO3)2 under magnetic treatment (MT) or nonmagnetic treatment (NMT). The results were as follows. (i) Compared with NMT, MT increased the AsA levels in roots compared with those in leaves under Cd stress, whereas it increased the DHA levels in the leaves but decreased the DHA levels in the roots. The GSH and GSSG levels both increased by 8%–151% under MT. (ii) MT inhibited the APX activity in blades and roots, and a similar effect was observed on the foliar activities of GR and MDHAR, with a decrease of 8%–50%; however, MT increased the activation of DHAR in the blades and GR in the roots. In addition, compared with NMT, MT increased the activities of GR, MDHAR, and DHAR by 19%–285% in Populus (poplar). (iii) With the exogenous addition of Cd, the Cd accumulation and biological transport coefficient of Cd from roots to leaves (S/R) were enhanced in poplar, accompanied by increased levels of H2O2 and MDA due to MT. (iv) The levels of IAA, ABA, GA, and ZR were inhibited by 19%–95% in the leaves following MT. In contrast, the levels of these endogenous hormones were increased by 18%–203% in the roots following MT. (v) MT improved the seedling growth of poplar, with an increase of 0.4%–90%, compared with that of the NMT. The ground diameter and number of root tips showed the greatest increases, with average ratios of 29% and 87%, respectively. These results suggested a large increase in AsA and decreases in poplar antioxidant enzymes, especially in the leaves, with a high GSH level. In this review, we concluded that the antioxidant substance GSH plays an important role in the AsA–GSH cycle following exposure to a magnetic field under Cd stress. Additionally, the roots play a major role in eliminating oxygen free radicals by regulating the levels and ratios of various endogenous hormones. Moreover, magnetization could alleviate Cd-induced oxidative stress by stimulating MDHAR, DHAR, and GR activities; enhance the defense capability of the AsA–GSH cycle; and maintain normal physiological metabolism in poplar.

Effect of increasing concentration of paracetamol on performance of Vigna radiata: A concentration dependent study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahem A.A> Almohisen
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Germination And Growth

In the recent times, it was shown that panadol (paracetamol) are involved in the processes of growth and development of plants. With this motion the present work was undertaken to explore the effect of panadol treatment on germination and various growth biomarkers of 30-days-old plants of mung bean (Vigna radiata). At 10 days stage of growth, seedlings were sprayed with distilled water (control), 0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.1 mg/L of panadol for 10 days. Treated plants were harvested at 30 days of growth to asses various parameters. The plants that developed from the panadol treatment demonstrated improved germination and growth traits in a concentration dependent manner. Out of the various concentrations (0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L) of panadol tested, 0.1 mg/L proved to be the best.

scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF THE CRUDE SAPONINS OF Yucca elephantipesL. LEAVESONTHE Allium cepa L. ROOT TIPS MITOSIS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
Mohammed & Najem
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Test System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cytogenetic Effects ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Plant Test

 This study was aimed to investigate cytogenetic effects of the crude saponinsof Yucca elephantipes leaves on mitosis. The root tips of Allium cepa L. were used as plant test system in vivo. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude saponins (0.00, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/ml). This study were included some cytogenetic diagnosis included mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. Results showed that saponins reduced the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%, specifically when treated with 12.5,25 or 50 mg/ ml mitotic index reached 25.48, 17.98, 18.81% respectively, this reduction was considered toxic and sub lethal. Saponins arrested chromosomes at metaphase (c-metaphase) up to 100% at 6.25 mg/ml and chromosomal aberrations including micronuclei and nuclear lesion (chromatin lesion) in prophase and interphase at the concentrations 25 and 50 mg/l recorded 1.30-8.30%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Hematological and Cytogenetic Effects of Ammi majus Seed Aqueous Extract in Albino Male Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Rakad M. Kh. Al-Jumaily ◽  
Ali H. Ad'hiah ◽  
Mohammed M. F. Al. Halbosiy ◽  
Baraa A. Abdul Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
Cytogenetic Effects ◽  
Ammi Majus ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

The present study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the hematological and cytogenetic effects of seed aqueous extract of the plant Ammi majus (0.5, 1.0, 1.5) mg/kg in albino male mice. The investigated parameters were total count of leucocytes (TLC), mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) formation and chromosomal aberrations. The mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a mutagen in the interaction with the plant extract (pre- and post-treatment), with the aim to determine the antimutagenic efficiency of the plant extract, and in all cases, the materials were given orally. In the first treatment, the results indicated that the dose 1.5 mg/kg of the extract enhanced the parameters investigated and a significant increase was observed in TLC (10070 cells/cu.mm.blood) as compared to negative (7290 cells/cu.mm.blood) or positive (4910 cells/cu.mm.blood) controls, and such observation was positively correlated with the mitotic index. In contrast, the spontaneous formation of MN was significantly decreased in the three investigated doses of the extract. In pre- and post-treatment experiments, a similar picture was drawn, and the plant extract was able to modulate the mutagenic effects of MMC.

scholarly journals Modulating the Mutagenic Effects of Mitomycin C by Aqueous Extract of Lentil (Lens culinars)

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
M.M.F. Al-Halbosiy
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Micronucleus Formation ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic and mutagenic effect of Lentil (Lens culinars) seed aqueous extract (0.5 , 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) and its ability to modulate the mutagenic effects of mytomycin C, using the male albino mice for hematological and cytogenetic analyses (total leukocyte count and mitotic index, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation of bone marrow cells). The evaluations were carried out through three type of treatment. In the first treatment the extract was dosed alone to the animals, while in the second and third treatment, interaction between the extract and mytomycin C (pre and post treatment) were carried out for such evaluations. The study showed that there was no toxic and mutational effects of the used extract .The result also showed that the dose 1.5mg/kg was significantly better than the other doses in all tests that were carried. The result also showed that there was aninhibition effect of the extract in relation to the mutational effects of mytomycin C. through its effects in increasing the total leukocyte count and mitotic index and reducing in chromosomal aberration, micronucleus formation before and after the drug application.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Glyphosate on Allium cepa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Yousif M. Fattah ◽  
Ali H. Omer
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
As Toxicity

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used mostly in crops. This study looked at the genotoxic and Glyphosate has a cytotoxic effect on Allium cepa. As toxicity markers, the Mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, formations of Micronucleus, germination percentage, root duration, and seed weight were used. Allium cepa seeds were afflicted with distinct concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ml/l) of Glyphosate for 24 h treatment periods. The results reveal that pesticide Glyphosateis capable to reduce root growth and causes chromosomal aberrations;consisting of an anaphase bridge, ring chromosome, binucleated cells, multipolarity, Fragment chromosome, vagrant chromosome, chromatid gaps, star anaphase. With increasing Glyphosate concentration, the mitotic index decreased rapidly. In conclusion, our findings indicate that used pesticidemay be toxic to living organism.

In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Mitotic Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Ethanolic Extract of Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark and Leaves) using Allium cepa Roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 4107-4110
Author(s):  
Nishita Gogia ◽  
Anandhi D ◽  
Kanaga G ◽  
Revathi K
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

The scope of the present study was to evaluate the In-vitro biological potential of Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf). We investigated the effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf) by studying anti-mitotic activity An attempt has been made to evaluate the anti-mitotic activity of silver nanoparticles using Allium cepa roots. The mitotic index of the root tips meristem was calculated and compared with the standard methotrexate. Antimitotic activity results shows the mitotic index was ranged from 30-40%. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorato, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf) possess significant anti-mitotic activity.

Effects of 6-BA and He-Ne Laser on the Seedling of Wheat Antioxidant Enzymes Under Cadmium Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 081702
Author(s):  
张美萍 Zhang Meiping ◽  
韩榕 Han Rong ◽  
陕永杰 Shan Yongjie
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Cadmium Stress

scholarly journals Acute Exercise Induced Mitochondrial H2O2Production in Mouse Skeletal Muscle: Association with p66Shcand FOXO3a Signaling and Antioxidant Enzymes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Chun Guang Li ◽  
Zhengtang Qi ◽  
Di Cui ◽  
Shuzhe Ding
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise induced skeletal muscle phenotype change involves a complex interplay between signaling pathways and downstream regulators. This study aims to investigate the effect of acute exercise on mitochondrial H2O2production and its association withp66Shc, FOXO3a, and antioxidant enzymes. Male ICR/CD-1 mice were subjected to an acute exercise. Muscle tissues (gastrocnemius and quadriceps femoris) were taken after exercise to measure mitochondrial H2O2content, expression ofp66Shcand FOXO3a, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that acute exercise significantly increased mitochondrial H2O2content and expressions ofp66Shcand FOXO3a in a time-dependent manner, with a linear correlation between the increase in H2O2content andp66Shcor FOXO3a expression. The activity of mitochondrial catalase was slightly reduced in the 90 min exercise group, but it was significantly higher in groups with 120 and 150 min exercise compared to that of 90 min exercise group. The activity of SOD was not significantly affected. The results indicate that acute exercise increases mitochondrial H2O2production in the skeletal muscle, which is associated with the upregulation ofp66Shcand FOXO3a. The association ofp66Shcand FOXO3a signaling with exercise induced H2O2generation may play a role in regulating cellular oxidative stress during acute exercise.

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