scholarly journals The impact of the caregiver mobility on child HIV care in the Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique: A clinical based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261356
Author(s):  
Tacilta Nhampossa ◽  
Sheila Fernández-Luis ◽  
Laura Fuente-Soro ◽  
Edson Bernardo ◽  
Arsenio Nhacolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
History Of Migration ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Manhiça District, in Southern Mozambique harbors high HIV prevalence and a long history of migration. To optimize HIV care, we sought to assess how caregiver’s mobility impacts children living with HIV (CLHIV)´s continuation in HIV care and to explore the strategies used by caregivers to maintain their CLHIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods A clinic-based cross-sectional survey conducted at the Manhiça District Hospital between December-2017 and February-2018. We enrolled CLHIV with a self-identified migrant caregiver (moved outside of Manhiça District ≤12 months prior to survey) and non-migrant caregiver, matched by the child age and sex. Survey data were linked to CLHIV clinical records from the HIV care and treatment program. Results Among the 975 CLHIV screened, 285 (29.2%) were excluded due to absence of an adult at the appointment. A total of 232 CLHIV-caregiver pairs were included. Of the 41 (35%) CLHIV migrating with their caregivers, 38 (92.6%) had access to ART at the destination because either the caregivers travelled with it 24 (63%) or it was sent by a family member 14 (36%). Among the 76 (65%) CLHIV who did not migrate with their caregivers, for the purpose of pharmacy visits, 39% were cared by their grandfather/grandmother, 28% by an aunt/uncle and 16% by an adult brother/sister. CLHIV of migrant caregivers had a non-statistically significant increase in the number of previous reported sickness episodes (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 0.79–2.42; p = 0.257), ART interruptions (OR = 1.73; 95%CI: 0.82–3.63; p = 0.142) and lost-to-follow-up episodes (OR = 1.53; 95%CI: 0.80–2.94; p = 0.193). Conclusions Nearly one third of the children attend their HIV care appointments unaccompanied by an adult. The caregiver mobility was not found to significantly affect child’s retention on ART. Migrant caregivers adopted strategies such as the transportation of ART to the mobility destination to avoid impact of mobility on the child’s HIV care. However this may have implications on ART stability and effectiveness that should be investigated in rural areas.

Quality of Life in People Living With HIV: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Gert Scheerder ◽  
Sandra Van den Eynde ◽  
Patrick Reyntiens ◽  
Ria Koeck ◽  
Jessika Deblonde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

This cross-sectional survey explored the quality of life in 505 people living with HIV in Belgium. Several domains of quality of life were impaired: 26% had been diagnosed with depression and 43% had weak social support. HIV-related stigma is still widespread, with 49% believing most people with HIV are rejected and 65% having experienced discrimination due to HIV. The impact of HIV was limited on professional life, but 40% experienced a negative impact on life satisfaction and 41% a negative impact on sexual life. For several domains, people with a recent diagnosis of HIV and long-term survivors had significantly worse scores. This survey also uncovered strengths of people living with HIV, such as positive coping and HIV self-image. Expanding the scope of quality of life in people living with HIV may provide a more complete picture of relevant life domains that may be impacted by living with HIV, but this needs further validation.

scholarly journals SELF-REPORTED MALARIA AND MOSQUITO AVOIDANCE IN RELATION TO HOUSEHOLD RISK FACTORS IN A KENYAN COASTAL CITY

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH KEATING ◽  
KATE MACINTYRE ◽  
CHARLES M. MBOGO ◽  
JOHN I. GITHURE ◽  
JOHN C. BEIER
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
History Of

A geographically stratified cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2002 to investigate household-level factors associated with use of mosquito control measures and self-reported malaria in Malindi, Kenya. A total of 629 households were surveyed. Logistic regressions were used to analyse the data. Half of all households (51%) reported all occupants using an insecticide-treated bed net and at least one additional mosquito control measure such as insecticides or removal of standing water. Forty-nine per cent reported a history of malaria in the household. Of the thirteen household factors analysed, low (OR=0·23, CI 0·11, 0·48) and medium (OR=0·50, CI 0·29, 0·86) education, mud–wood–coral (OR=0·0·39, CI 0·24, 0·66) and mud block–plaster (OR=0·47, CI 0·25, 0·87) wall types, farming (OR=1·38, CI 1·01, 1·90) and travel to rural areas (OR=0·48, CI 0·26, 0·91) were significantly associated with the use of mosquito control, while controlling for other covariates in the model. History of reported malaria was not associated with the use of mosquito control (OR=1·22, CI 0·79, 1·88). Of the thirteen covariates analysed in the second model, only two household factors were associated with history of malaria: being located in the well-drained stratum (OR=0·49, CI 0·26, 0·96) and being bitten while in the house (OR=1·22, CI 0·19, 0·49). These results suggest that high socioeconomic status is associated with increased household-level mosquito control use, although household-level control may not be enough, as many people are exposed to biting mosquitoes while away from the house and in areas that are more likely to harbour mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Mental health and risk behaviors of children in rural China with different patterns of parental migration: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Jingjing Lu ◽  
Leesa Lin ◽  
Xudong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background One in seven members of China’s population are migrants. There are an estimated 41 million children left behind in rural areas who are living without one or both of their parents. The impact of two- and single-parent migration on child mental health and risk behaviors is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the mental health and risk behaviors among children whose parents are either both migrating (B-LBC), have one parent migrating (O-LBC) or those whose parents do not migrate (N-LBC). Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire conducted in rural areas with high proportions of left behind children (LBC) in Anhui Province, southeast China. The tools used were the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires, Youth Risk Behavior Survey and the Young’s Internet Addiction Test for Chinese. Results Full data were available for 699 B-LBC, 552 O-LBC and 741 N-LBC. After adjusting for gender, age, grade, number of siblings and self-rated socio-economic status, B-LBC were significantly more likely to have higher emotional symptoms scores (B(SE) = 0.36(0.11), p < 0.01), higher hyperactivity scores (B(SE) = 0.22(0.11), p < 0.01) and higher total difficulties scores (B(SE) = 0.79(0.29), p < 0.01) than N-LBC. B-LBC were also more likely to be an addicted internet user (OR(95%CI) = 1.91(1.33, 2.76), p < 0.01) compared to N-LBC. However, there were no identified differences between O-LBC and N-LBC or between O-LBC and B-LBC in any measures. Conclusions Our findings found that living with one parent or both parents was associated with better mental health and fewer risk behaviors than was being separated from both parents. Future research is needed to consider the implications of these findings for policies and programs to protect LBC, especially for those with two migrating parents.

scholarly journals Drug users' failure to modify alcohol consumption in response to hepatitis C

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Noonan ◽  
Paul Kavanagh ◽  
Brion Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective: To measure (a) the prevalence of problem drinking in a population of methadone-treated drug users, (b) independent associations with problem drinking, (c) the effect of hepatitis C status on drinking behaviour, (d) the knowledge of drug users of their hepatitis C status and their perception of their drinking behaviour and (e) the attitude of drug users to the effect of alcohol on hepatitis C virus (HCV) related disease.Method: A cross sectional survey of 130 drug users in treatment at the National Drug Treatment Centre, Dublin was carried out. A questionnaire incorporated the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and data were collected on sociodemographics, drug use history, perceived HCV status and drinking behaviour, and attitudes to the impact of drinking on HCV related disease. Hepatitis serology and drug urine data were collected from clinical records.Results: The prevalence of problem drinking was 41% (95% CI 33-51%). Unstable accommodation, older age, male gender and longer duration of heroin use were independent associations with being a problem drinker. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of problem drinking across HCV status. Knowledge of HCV status was accurate, however 35% of those identified as AUDIT cases failed to recognise their problem drinking.Conclusion: HCV infection among Irish drug users is compounded by a high prevalence of problem drinking with drug users failing to modify their drinking in response. Incorrect perception of problem drinking status could be a barrier to addressing this potentially remediable risk factor.

scholarly journals Does universal health coverage reduce out-of-pocket expenditures for medical consultations for people living with HIV in Senegal? An exploratory cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e046579
Author(s):  
Bernard Taverne ◽  
Gabrièle Laborde-Balen ◽  
Khaly Diaw ◽  
Madjiguene Gueye ◽  
Ndeye-Ngone Have ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesIn Senegal, a national health coverage system named Couverture Medicale Universelle (CMU) has been under development since 2013; its impact on out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses for people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains unknown. Our objective was to assess the impact of the national health coverage system on health expenses for PLHIV by measuring the OOP amount for a routine consultation for various categories of PLHIV, in Dakar and different regions in Senegal, viewed from the patients’ perspective.Design, setting and participantsCross-sectional survey in 2018 and 2019 using a face-to-face questionnaire with PLHIV: 344 adults followed up at Fann Regional Centre for research and training in clinical treatment in Dakar; 60 adult men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2 hospitals in Dakar and 7 facilities in the regions; and 130 children and adolescents (0–19 years) in 16 care facilities in the southern regions. We have calculated the total price of the consultation and associated prescriptions along with the patient’s OOP medical and transportation contributions. The average amounts were compared using the Student’s t-test.ResultsAll patients are on antiretroviral treatment with a median duration of 6 years, 5 years and 3 years for adults, MSM and children/adolescents, respectively. The percentage of people who have health coverage is 26%, 18% and 44% for adults, MSM and children. In practice, these systems are rarely used. The OOP amount (health expenses+transportation costs) for a routine consultation is €11 for adults and children, and €32.5 for MSM.ConclusionThe number of PLHIV with coverage is low, and the system’s effectiveness remains limited. Currently, this system has proved ineffective in implementing free healthcare, recommended by WHO since 2005.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension among young adults in a Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumar ◽  
Om Prakash Sharma ◽  
Jaswant Goyal ◽  
Saryu Sain ◽  
Barkha Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
The Impact

Background: Young adults are failed to observe in studies on impact of high blood pressure as they are esteemed to be at a low risk of developing the complication or disease. Study of disease prevalence and their relation with life style habits provide the information required to develop interventional strategies. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among young adults in Jaipur district, Rajasthan and to study the impact of life style habits like tobacco use and alcohol consumption on hypertension.Methods: Data were collected from 390 college students aged 18 years and older in selected degree college by a cross-sectional survey. Blood pressure recordings, anthropometric measurements as well as socio-demographic characteristics were collected.Results: High blood pressure was observed in 152 out of the 390 students (38.97%), of which the 20 (5.13%) are hypertensive, majority were newly diagnosed (65%). Prevalence of high blood pressure among male students was higher (40.29% compared to 37.5% among female students). Out of total 33.85% and 5.12 % of the students were found to pre-hypertensive and hypertensive respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was found higher among those with a history of smoking or alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Majority of students with high blood pressure (hypertensive stage) were previously undiagnosed. A large number of students were in pre-hypertensive stage. Their early identification and right intervention at right time will lessen the impact of high blood pressure in productive age.

scholarly journals Treatment Challenges, Priorities, and Relationship with Healthcare Providers in HIV Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Portuguese Adults Living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Antonio Antunes ◽  
Ines Augusto ◽  
Patricia Parada ◽  
Chinyere Okoli ◽  
Ama Appiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization’s definition of health focuses on health-related quality of life in all domains, not just the “absence of disease or infirmity”. We investigated various treatment challenges among People living with HIV (PLHIV) in Portugal.METHODS: We analyzed data for n=60 adult PLHIV with a confirmed diagnosis and on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) who participated in the 2019 Positive Perspectives Survey. Descriptive analyses were performed using R Version 3.6.1.RESULTS: Most participants were virally suppressed (97%), male (67%); <50 years (51%); and had ≥1 non-HIV comorbidity (70%). Overall, 15% reported trouble swallowing pills, 35% experienced ART side effects, 22% felt daily oral ART limited their life, 25% were stressed by their dosing schedule, 33% said daily oral dosing cued bad memories, while 63% said daily dosing reminded them of their HIV. These challenges were associated with treatment-avoidance behaviors; PLHIV reported missing ≥1 ART dose within the past month because of food requirements 27%, side effects 12%, concerns about long-term ART impacts 10%, and problems swallowing 5%. Overall, 73% were open to taking long-acting, nondaily ART if they remained virologically controlled. Only 35% overall perceived no communication barriers with their HCPs; these individuals had higher prevalence of optimal physical (86% vs. 49%, p=0.011) and mental health (86% vs. 36%, p<0.001) than those with a perceived barrier.CONCLUSION: For some PLHIV, taking pills daily was linked with diverse emotional challenges, including pill fatigue and anxiety. Clinicians should consider patient preferences when prescribing ART and engage PLHIV in treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and the Impact of COVID-19 on the HIV Care Continuum, Economic Security, Risky Health Behaviors, and Mental Health Among HIV-Infected Individuals in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Matsumoto ◽  
Moeko Nagai ◽  
Dieu An Dang Luong ◽  
Hoai Dung Thi Nguyen ◽  
Dung Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risky Health Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated social responses may uniquely affect people living with HIV (PLHIV). SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and a cross-sectional survey on COVID-19’s socio-behavioral impacts were conducted among a large PLHIV cohort in Hanoi, Vietnam. We examined anonymous antibody test results for 1243 PLHIV (99.8%) from whom plasma was obtained and completed surveys were collected in June/July 2020, just after the end of the first COVID-19 outbreak and nationwide lockdown. Three participants (0.2%) tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. HIV treatment was generally maintained without antiretroviral therapy interruption, but COVID-19 had substantial impacts on economic security and risky health behaviors among PLHIV, which may have amplified psychological stress. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of COVID-19’s impacts on PLHIV and for efforts to mitigate these impacts.

scholarly journals Ectopic Pregnancy in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Prevalence, Management Outcomes, and Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elsa Tesfa Berhe ◽  
Kalayu Kiros ◽  
Merhawit Gebremeskel Hagos ◽  
Hailay Abrha Gesesew ◽  
Paul R. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Background. Ectopic pregnancy is a neglected and challenging gynecologic problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Objective. The present study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy, its management outcomes, and factors associated with management outcomes in Tigray, North Ethiopia. Methods. We employed a four-year retrospective cross-sectional study from September 2015 to August 2019. We extracted data about all pregnant mothers who were admitted and managed for EPs in Axum, Tigray. Ectopic pregnancy and its outcomes (favorable and unfavorable) were the dependent variables, and age, residence, ethnicity, religion, parity, history of abortion, history of EP, pelvic infections, history of surgical procedures, and use contraceptives were the independent variables. We employed descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using SPSS. Ethical clearance was obtained from Axum University, Tigray, Ethiopia. Results. The overall prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was 0.52% of total deliveries, which equates to 1 : 193 deliveries. Surgery for ectopic pregnancy accounts for 7.6% of all gynecological surgeries. Most participants were in the age group 26–30 years and lived in rural areas. Among the different EP implantation sites, most cases (92.4%) occurred in the fallopian tube, followed by 5.1% in the ovary and 2.5% in abdominal EPs. Surgical management (laparotomy) was undertaken for all the 79 women diagnosed with EPs, including laparotomy (100%), salpingo-oophorectomy (17.7%), salpingectomy (73.9%), oophorectomy (3.4%), cornual resection (2.5%), and removal of concepts tissue 2.5. The record reports that intraoperative procedure was correctly managed for 47 (59.5%) women but the condition of EP procedure was ruptured for about two-thirds (63.3%) of the women. Thirty (38%) patients had developed some complications after surgery including anemia ( hemoglobin < 10.5 ) ( n = 12 ), fever ( n = 10 ), wound infection ( n = 2 ), and pneumonia ( n = 2 ). Women who were from urban ( AOR = 11.2 , 95% CI: 2.65-47.2) and who had normal hemoglobin at presentation ( AOR = 9.94 , 95% CI: 2.03-48.7) were associated with favorable maternal outcomes. Conclusions. More than one-third of women with ectopic pregnancies had an unfavorable maternal outcome, which was higher among rural residents and anemic mothers. Women living in rural areas and anemia during pregnancy should seek special attention in the management of EPs. We also recommend improving the data management of hospitals in Ethiopia.

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