Association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 severity, acute phase reactants and mortality

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the ongoing pandemic with multitude of manifestations and association of ABO blood group in South-East Asian population needs to be explored. Methods It was a retrospective study of patients with COVID-19. Blood group A, B, O, and AB were identified in every participant, irrespective of their RH type and allotted groups 1, 2,3, and 4, respectively. Correlation between blood group and lab parameters was presented as histogram distributed among the four groups. Multivariate regression and logistic regression were used for inferential statistics. Results The cohort included 1067 patients: 521 (48.8%) participants had blood group O as the prevalent blood type. Overall, 10.6% COVID-19-related mortality was observed at our center. Mortality was 13.9% in blood group A, 9.5% in group B, 10% in group C, and 10.2% in AB blood group (p = 0.412). IL-6 was elevated in blood group A (median [IQR]: 23.6 [17.5,43.8]), Procalcitonin in blood group B (median [IQR]: 0.54 [0.3,0.7]), D-dimers and CRP in group AB (median [IQR]: 21.5 [9,34]; 24 [9,49], respectively). Regarding severity of COVID-19 disease, no statistical difference was seen between the blood groups. Alteration of the acute phase reactants was not positively associated with any specific blood type. Conclusion In conclusion, this investigation did not show significant association of blood groups with severity and of COVID-19 disease and COVID-19-associated mortality.

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ABO Blood Group is Associated with COVID-19 Susceptibility: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine ◽

10.53986/ibjm.2021.0012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Richard Chinaza Ikeagwulonu ◽

◽

Chinonyelum Thecla Ezeonu ◽

Mark Uchejeso Obeta ◽

Ngozi Immaculata Ugwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Search Terms ◽

Group A

Introduction: Conflicting evidences exist that ABO blood groups correlate with the susceptibility to COVID-19 and its clinical outcomes. This study aimed to pool available articles that assessed a possible relationship between COVID-19 and ABO blood groups. Materials and methods: A search was conducted in four databases comprising Pubmed/Medline, Google scholar, Journal storage (JSTOR) and African Journals Online (AJOL) for relevant studies available before 25th August 2020 and contained extractable data on ABO blood type distribution and COVID-19 disease. Search terms included a combination of “ABO blood group, and COVID-19, coronavirus, and SARS-COV-2”. Results: Fourteen articles that met study inclusion criteria were selected from a total of five hundred and eighty-five articles identified through database search. The fourteen articles reviewed comprised of a total of 73934 subjects (13189 SARS-COV-2 positive cases and 60745 controls). Overall, the risk of SARS-COV-2 infection was found to be significantly increased in patients with blood group A with ORs: 1.24 (95%Cl: 1.09-1.41, P = 0.001). Additionally, blood group O subjects were seen to have decreased odds of contracting COVID-19 infection (OR: 0.78, 95%Cl: 0.68 – 0.89, P=0.0003). No significant association was found between ABO blood groups and COVID -19 severity and mortality. Conclusions: Blood group A was associated with a higher risk of SARS-COV-2 infection whereas risk of infection was lower in blood group O subjects. No statistical significant association was found between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 severity and mortality. The precise role of ABO blood group in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and mortality requires further research for clarification.

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Association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 severity, acute phase reactants and mortality

10.1101/2021.04.19.21255738 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Uzma Ishaq ◽

Asmara Malik ◽

Jahanzeb Malik ◽

Asad Mehmood ◽

Azhar Qureshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Blood Group ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Survival Function ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Acute Phase Reactants ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe ABO blood group system has been associated with infectious and noninfectious disease, including dengue, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), etc. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the ongoing pandemic with multitude of manifestations and association of ABO blood group in South-East Asian population needs to be explored.MethodsIt was a retrospective study of patients with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnosis of COVID-19 at Advanced Diagnostics and Liver Center between April 2020 to January 2021. Blood group A, B, O, and AB were identified in every participant, irrespective of their RH type and allotted groups 1, 2,3, and 4, respectively. Cox regression and logistic regression were used for inferential statistics.ResultsThe cohort included 1067 patients: 521 (48.8%) of blood group O, 295 (27.6%) of blood group B, 202 (18.9%) of blood group A, and 49 (4.5%) of blood group AB. The majority of the patients were males 712 (66.7%) with an average body mass index (BMI) of 27.45 ± 3.53. Patients with AB blood group stayed a median (IQR) of 14 (5, 27) days while A blood group cohort stayed 13 (6,27) days and overall 10.6% COVID-19-related mortality was observed at our center, with 13.9% in blood group A as the majority of COVID-19 deaths. Regarding severity of COVID-19 disease, there was a trend towards critical disease in blood group A and O (n=83, 41.1%; n=183, 35.1%; OR, 11.34 (95% CI, 46.79-53.22); p<0.001). Logistic regression demonstrates blood group O and AB as predictors for severe COVID-19 disease (O: OR: 0.438 (95% CI: 0.168-1.139) p=0.090; AB: OR: 0.415 (95% CI: 0.165-1.046) p=0.062) and cause-specific hazards ratio (HR) for survival function was 3.206 (p=0.361) among all blood groups.ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of blood group O was higher in this cohort, hospital stay, severity of disease, and mortality were associated with blood group A. Further studies are needed for understanding the underlying mechanism behind the association of blood groups with COVID-19.

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Variations of prothrombin time among ABO blood groups in healthy adults

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.3.0484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 429-435

Author(s):

Afrina Binte Azad ◽

Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽

Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽

Farzana Yeasmin Mukta ◽

Lily Afroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prothrombin Time ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Medical College ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Background and objectives: ABO blood group distribution defers with racial and geographic variations. They are related with diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cerebral thromboembolism. Prothrombin time may varies among ABO blood group system which may increase the future risk of thrombosis. The present study is to assess prothrombin time among ABO blood groups in healthy adults. Materials and methods: A prospective type of analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2019 to June 2020. After obtaining ethical clearance, a total 190 healthy adults were selected from different areas of Dhaka city based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with age ranging from 18-45 years. The subjects were interviewed and detailed history regarding personal, family, medical and drug were taken. Prior to sample collection, informed written consent was taken from the participants. Individuals of blood group A was selected as group A, blood group B as group B, blood group AB as group AB and blood group O as group O. Prothrombin time was measured in the Department of Hematology and BMT Unit, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Blood grouping was done in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka.For statistical analysis, One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test were considered using SPSS 25.0 version. Results: In this study, blood group B was most common (33.2%). Prothrombin time was lower in blood group A (12.93±0.30 sec), B (12.92±0.61 sec), AB (12.98±0.54 sec) than blood group O (13.08±0.39 sec) which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that blood group A, B, AB individuals may have more chance of thrombosis due to lower prothrombin time than blood group O individuals.

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ABO Blood Group: A Risk Factor for a Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in Morocco

10.46619/joh.2020.1-1004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14-19

Author(s):

Serbout Saousan ◽

◽

Adnane Hind ◽

Maaroufi Anass ◽

Arous Salim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Observational Study ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Ischemic Disease ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

BACKGROUND The association between antigens A and B and cardiovascular disease is still unclear. Several reports have suggested an important involvement of the ABO blood group system in the susceptibility to thrombosis. Assessing that non-O blood groups in particular A blood group confer a higher risk of venous and arterial thrombosis than group O. Epidemiologic data are typically not available for all racial and ethnics groups. The purpose of this observational study was to identify a probable link between ABO blood group and ischemic and non-ischemic disease in subjects from the province of Casablanca, Morocco and to analyze whether A blood group individuals were at higher risk of ischemic disease or not. METHOD An observational study had been conducted from the beginning of 2017 until the end of 2019 in the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Centre, Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco. We recruited consecutive subjects (549 men and 544 woman) at our center between 2017 and 2019. We studied data on age, gender, past history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, sedentarism, obesity, hyperlipidemia, use of estrogen-progestin contraceptives and blood group distribution. Their ABO blood groups were determined using standard agglutination techniques. In each blood group type, we evaluated the prevalence of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular disease. RESULT Of the 1093 patients whose medical records were reviewed, 482 (44.1%) were carrying blood group A. Of the remaining 611 patients, 353 (32.3%) had blood group O, 212 (19.4%) blood group B, and 46 (4.3%) blood group AB. The diagnosis of ischemic disease (ID) was higher in patients with blood group O (63.3%) than in other blood groups, and the diagnosis of valvular disease was higher in patients with blood group A (48.7%) compared to other groups. In patients with blood group B or AB compared to non-B or non-AB, respectively there was no statistically significant difference in ID incidence. The incidence of ID in men was significantly higher in blood group O (63.2%, p = 0.015) compared with women, while there valvular disease was a statistically higher in women (54.5%, p = 0.035). This difference remains statistically significant after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Our study suggests an association between ABO blood group and Ischemic disease and non-ischemic disease in Moroccan population. In African countries, where most of health facilities are understaffed, more rigorous studies with a larger population are needed to give high level of evidence to confirm this association in order to establish the need to be more aggressive in risk factor control in these individuals.

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ABO groups can play a role in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19

Egyptian Journal of Bronchology ◽

10.1186/s43168-020-00051-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S. Samra ◽

M. Habeb ◽

R. Nafae

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Infection Group ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Study Population ◽

Group B ◽

The Relationship ◽

Seriously Ill

Abstract Background A few people infected by the coronavirus become seriously ill, while others show little to no signs of the symptoms, or are asymptomatic. Recent researches are pointing to the fact that the ABO blood group might play an important role in a person’s susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection. Aim of the study: try to understand the relationship between ABO groups and COVID-19 (susceptibility and severity). Results A total of (507) patients were included in this study. The study population was divided based on the ABO blood group into types A+, A−, B+, AB, O+, and O−. Blood group A was associated with high susceptibility of infection: group A, 381 (75.1%); and less common in group O, 97 (19.2%), group B, 18 (3.5%), and group AB, 11 (2.2%). The severity of COVID-19 infection was common in non-blood group O where (20 (7.1%), 4 (26.7%), 2 (11%), and 1 (9%) in type A+, A−, B+, and AB, respectively), while in type O 3.1%. And mechanically ventilated patients were 22 (5.9%), 2 (13.4%), 2 (11.1%), and 1 (1%). Mortality was high in blood groups A and B, 16 (4.37%) and 1 (5.5%), respectively, while in blood group O, it was 1%. Conclusion The incidence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 were common in non-blood group O. While blood group O was protected against COVID-19.

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Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in Nepalese medical students: a report

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2000.6.1.156 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 156-158

Author(s):

T. Pramanik ◽

S. Pramanik

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group Distribution

The frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood groups vary from one population to another. We studied blood group distribution in 120 Nepalese students; 34% were blood group A, 29% group B, 4% group AB and 32.5% group O. The frequency of Rh-negative blood was 3.33% and Rh-positive 96.66%

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The association between blood groups and maxillofacial deformities

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1699254 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 138-140

Author(s):

Rasoul Gheisari ◽

Mehdi Ghoreishian ◽

Movahedian Bijan ◽

Roozbehi Amrolah

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Iranian Population ◽

The Other ◽

Chi Square ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group Distribution

ABSTRACT Background: Blood group is a genetic characteristic which is associated with some diseases and deformities. Multifactorial characteristics of facial development make it difficult to predict a genetic pattern in a specific maxillofacial deformity, but epidemiological evaluations can reveal relationships between such deformities and some genetic characteristics or accompanied diseases, and this will help to recognise and treat them. The aim of this study is evaluation of the relationship between blood groups and maxillofacial deformities. Materials and Methods: In this study, blood groups of 190 patients with maxillofacial deformities who had had orthognathic surgery in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, were compared with the general Iranian population. Results: Among 190 patients, 93 cases (49%) were men and 97 cases (51%) were women. Fifteen cases (8%) were < 20 years old, 130 cases (68%) were 20-30 years old, and the others (45 cases, 24%) were > 30 years old. The blood group distribution in our samples was as follows: blood group O = 76 cases (40%), blood group A = 58 cases (30%), blood group B = 41 cases (22%), and blood group AB = 15 cases (8%). Among these patients, 31 cases (16%) had maxillary deformities and 27 cases (14%) suffered from mandibular deformities while the other 132 cases (70%) had bimaxillary problems. The Chi-square test showed statistically significant differences between the blood group distribution of the patients of this study and the normal Iranian population ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: It was shown that among different blood groups; those with blood group B have a greater likelihood of association with maxillofacial deformities. On the other hand, the probability of the association of such deformities was the least with blood group A.

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Association of Viral Hepatitis with ABO Blood Group in apparently Normal Iraqi Blood Donors

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.10.3.20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 421-425

Author(s):

Suad Azeez Hassan ◽

Suhair Hassan Alkutbi ◽

Eman S. Nassir ◽

Haider Hassan Lilo

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Blood Group A ◽

B Virus ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Apparently Healthy

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are counted as a public health issue worldwide. The virus is transmitted to infect others through blood and blood products. Appointed blood groups and Rh-positive are more prone to the transmission of the infection by blood transfusion. The aim of this study is to find out the frequency of hepatitis B and C in apparently healthy blood donors and whether there is an association between ABO and Rh blood groups. ABO blood groups and their relationship with HBV and HCV infections were studied in 87,124 blood donors of both genders. Out of these donors, 353 individuals were found to be infected with HBV and HCV with a ratio of 1:250. The study was conducted between January to June 2018, which was presented to the Central Blood Bank in Baghdad and Al-Razi Medical Centre. It found that most hepatitis B and C blood donors were blood group O with a prevalence of 33.7 and 45.5%, respectively, while the results for those with blood group A showed 28.5 and 22.7% HBV and HCV infections, respectively. On the other hand, the incidence of HBV in individuals with blood group B was 29.8%, and HCV was 23.8%. AB blood group donors demonstrated the least incidence at 7.9% for both HBV and HCV. In conclusion, it has been found that there is a significant association between blood groups and Rh factor with hepatitis B and C infections.

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DIFFERENT BLOOD GROUPS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.08.1677 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (08) ◽

pp. 1001-1004

Author(s):

Naila Parveen ◽

Javeria Rehman ◽

Syed Hafeezul Hassan ◽

Zoya Hassan ◽

Madiha Rehman

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Medical Students ◽

Blood Group ◽

Body Mass ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A

Objectives: To find out the association of body mass index with different bloodgroups in medical students. Background: Increased body mass index leads to obesity and is aprominent risk factor for hypertension and diabetes. Blood groups are known to be associatedwith various diseases and recent studies have shown that a particular blood group with thehighest body mass index appeared to be more susceptible to predisposition to hypertension.Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Liaquat National Medical College, Karachi.Period: June 2015 to September 2015. Methodology: 181 medical students with 85 malesand 96 females and age ranging from 18-22 years. Weight and height of each student wasmeasured using the standard stadiometer and blood groups were determined using the antisera.Results: Mean age of the participants was 19.92 ± 1.10 years. Blood group “O” wasfound to be most prevalent (39.2%) while blood group “AB” was found to be the least (8.3%).Mean BMI of subjects with blood group A, B, AB and O were found to be 24.3 ± 5.04, 22.6 ±3.59, 23.0 ± 2.91 and 23.7 ± 4.20 kg/m2 respectively. The highest BMI was found in subjectswith blood group “A” 24.3 ± 5.04 kg/m2 and lowest in blood group “AB” 23.0 ± 2.91kg/m2. TheRhesus-D positive and male students had greater body mass index 23.6 ± 3.56 than females23.2 ± 3.44. Comparison of overall mean BMI values among different blood groups showedsignificant difference with p-value < 0.001. Conclusion: Blood group “A” and Rhesus-D positivesubjects especially males were found to be the high risk blood type with predisposition tomorbidity associated with increased body mass index.

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Distribution of ABO, Rhesus D and Subgroups of ABO among Blood Donors in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

International Blood Research & Reviews ◽

10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130120 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6-13

Author(s):

A. B. Ibrahim ◽

H. Attahiru ◽

O. Erhabor ◽

P. F. Udomah ◽

A. Yakubu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tile Method ◽

Group A ◽

The Common ◽

Group B ◽

North Western

ABO, Rhesus D and subgroups of ABO are highly immunogenic and are the common cause of antibody production in mismatched blood transfusions, haemolytic transfusion reaction and maternal alloimmunization. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of ABO, Rh D and subgroups of ABO among blood donors attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. ABO, Rhesus D and subgroups of ABO antigen status of 176 blood donors with mean age of 30.44 ± 8.210 years attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto were determined using tile method for ABO and Rh D and conventional tube method for anti- A1, anti- H reagents for ABO subgroups respectively. Among the 176 subjects tested, blood group O+ was the most frequent group with 93 (52.8%), 39 (22.2%) were blood group B+, 37(21.0%) were blood group A+, 5 (2.8%) were blood group AB+, 2 (1.1%) were blood group O-. No data was obtained for A-, B- and AB- blood groups. Out of 37 A blood groups obtained, 31 (83.8%) had A1 antigens and 6 (16.2%) had A2 antigens. Out of the 5 AB blood groups, all had A1B antigens. The study also shows that there was statistically significant difference between blood group A and ethnic groups (Hausa, Fulani and Yoruba) (p<0.05). Blood group O was found to be the most frequent followed by B, A and AB except among Hausa which revealed a pattern of O> A> B> AB. ABO, subgroups shows majority had A1 followed by A2 and A1B respectively.

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