scholarly journals Screening for Serum Total Homocysteine in Newborn Children

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Refsum ◽  
Anne W Grindflek ◽  
Per M Ueland ◽  
Åse Fredriksen ◽  
Klaus Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Specific Finding ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Routine Screening Program ◽  
Newborn Children

Abstract Background: Newborn screening for total homocysteine (tHcy) in blood may identify babies with vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency or homocystinuria, but data on the causes of increased tHcy in screening samples are sparse. Methods: Serum concentrations of tHcy, cystathionine, methionine, folate, and B12 and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism were determined in 4992 capillary blood samples collected as part of the routine screening program in newborn children. Methylmalonic acid (MMA), gender (SRY genotyping), and the frequency of six cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) mutations were determined in 20–27% of the samples, including all samples with tHcy >15 μmol/L (n = 127), B12 <100 pmol/L (n = 159), or methionine >40 μmol/L (n = 154). Results: The median (5th–95th percentile) tHcy concentration was 6.8 (4.2–12.8) μmol/L. B12 status, as determined by serum concentrations of B12, tHcy, and MMA, was moderately better in boys than in girls. tHcy concentrations between 10 and 20 μmol/L were often associated with low B12, whereas tHcy >20 μmol/L (n = 43) was nearly always explained by increased methionine. tHcy did not differ according to folate concentrations or MTHFR 677C>T genotypes. None of the babies had definite CBS deficiencies, but heterozygosity led to low cystathionine, increased methionine, but normal tHcy concentrations. Conclusion: Increased tHcy is a common but not specific finding in newborns. The metabolite and vitamin profiles will point to the cause of hyperhomocysteinemia. Screening for tHcy and related factors should be further evaluated in regions with high prevalence of homocystinuria and in babies at high risk of B12 deficiency.

Critical Review on Suicide Among Nurses

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Alderson ◽  
Xavier Parent-Rocheleau ◽  
Brian Mishara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Work Related ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Background: Research shows that there is a high prevalence of suicide among nurses. Despite this, it has been 15 years since the last literature review on the subject was published. Aim: The aim of this article is to review the knowledge currently available on the risk of suicide among nurses and on contributory risk factors. Method: A search was conducted in electronic databases using keywords related to prevalence and risk factors of suicide among nurses. The abstracts were analyzed by reviewers according to selection criteria. Selected articles were submitted to a full-text review and their key elements were summarized. Results: Only nine articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. The results of this literature review highlight both the troubling high prevalence of suicide among nurses as well as the persistent lack of studies that examine this issue. Conclusion: Considering that the effects of several factors related to nurses' work and work settings are associated with high stress, distress, or psychiatric problems, we highlight the relevance of investigating work-related factors associated with nurses' risk of suicide. Several avenues for future studies are discussed as well as possible research methods.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Thi Lan Tran ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Xuan Ninh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

scholarly journals Comparison of prevalence and risk factors of somatization between Chinese health care workers and non-health care workers during COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuli Song ◽  
Yongjie Zhou ◽  
Wenwang Rao ◽  
Xiangyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dimension Score ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare prevalence and risk factors of somatization (SOM) between health care workers and non-health care workers during COVID-19 outbreak in China. Methods From 14 February to 29 March 2020, an online survey was performed in both 605 health care workers and 1151 non-health care workers. Based on the somatization dimension score of the Symptom Checklist-90, participants were divided into non-SOM group and SOM group. Results Health care workers had higher prevalence rate of SOM (p < 0.001) than non-health care workers, with an OR of 1.70 (95% CI, 1.22–2.36, p = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that in non-health care workers, the risk factors of SOM included other ethnicities, insomnia, and suicide, while in health care workers, the risk factors included working 6–8 h per day, and working ≥10 h per day during COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions Our research suggests that both non-health care workers and health care workers have a relatively high prevalence of somatization. However, the related factors for somatization in both groups are significantly different, showing that medical service-related factors are associated with somatization in health care workers, while demographic and clinical factors are associated with somatization in non-health care workers.

scholarly journals Association between Inflammatory Conditions and Alzheimer’s Disease Age of Onset in Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3116
Author(s):  
Florence Lai ◽  
Nathaniel Mercaldo ◽  
Cassandra M. Wang ◽  
Giovi G. Hersch ◽  
Herminia Diana Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have an exceptionally high prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD), with an earlier age of onset compared with the neurotypical population. In addition to beta amyloid, immunological processes involved in neuroinflammation and in peripheral inflammatory/autoimmune conditions are thought to play important roles in the pathophysiology of AD. Individuals with DS also have a high prevalence of autoimmune/inflammatory conditions which may contribute to an increased risk of early AD onset, but this has not been studied. Given the wide range in the age of AD onset in those with DS, we sought to evaluate the relationship between the presence of inflammatory conditions and the age of AD onset. We performed a retrospective study on 339 adults with DS, 125 who were cognitively stable (CS) and 214 with a diagnosis of AD. Data were available for six autoimmune conditions (alopecia, celiac disease, hypothyroidism, psoriasis, diabetes and vitamin B12 deficiency) and for one inflammatory condition, gout. Gout was associated with a significant delay in the age of AD onset by more than 2.5 years. Our data suggests that inflammatory conditions may play a role in the age of AD onset in DS. Further studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Trends of Self-Medication Amongst the Patients Visiting the Out-Patient Department of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Bushra Asif Ali Khan ◽  
Faiza Muzahir ◽  
Sahar Abdul Rauf ◽  
Syeda Rubab Fatima ◽  
Abida Pervaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Previous Prescription ◽  
Patient Department

Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess the trends of self-medication practices and to determine the prevalence, characteristics, related factors, and effects of self-medication among the patients conducted. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was on patients of Combined Military Hospital Lahore on a sample size of 365. The data was collected and entered in a predesigned questionnaire about self-medication later analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: The prevalence of self-medication was 95.3% and effectiveness was 87.7%. The common reasons for self-medication were prior knowledge of usefulness of remedy (63.3%), non-affordability of consultant charges (18.4%), and lack of time (21.9%). Frequently used medicines included antibiotics (30.1%), analgesics (69.6%), antipyretics (51.0%), and antihistamines (23.6%). Respondents claimed to receive information about these drugs from various sources including doctor (38.6%), previous prescription (31.8%), retailer seller (13.4%), family/friends (43.6%), media (7.9%) and other sources (1.6%). Conclusion: It had been concluded that there is a high prevalence of self-medication. There is a need to raise public awareness about the appropriate use in order to prevent potential hazards of self-medication. Key Words: trends, self-medication, out-patient department How to cite: Khan B.A.A, Muzahir F, Rauf S.A, Fatima S.R, Pervaiz A, Jamil S. Trends of self- medication amongst the patients visiting the out-patient department of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore. Esculapio.2021. 30-33

scholarly journals A Novel Review of Homocysteine and Pregnancy Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chuce Dai ◽  
Yiming Fei ◽  
Jianming Li ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Xiuhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Work Done

Homocysteine (Hct) is a substance produced in the metabolism of methionine. It is an essential type of amino acid gained from the daily diet. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation is related to elevated total homocysteine (tHct) expressions, in particular, among women with low folate intake. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHct) is caused by numerous factors, such as genetic defects, lack of folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, drugs, aging, and renal dysfunction. Increased Hct in peripheral blood may lead to vascular illnesses, coronary artery dysfunction, atherosclerotic changes, and embolic diseases. Compared to nonpregnant women, the Hct level is lower in normal pregnancies. Recent studies have reported that HHct was associated with numerous pregnancy complications, including recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), preeclampsia (PE), preterm delivery, placental abruption, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Besides, it was discovered that neonatal birth weight and maternal Hct levels were negatively correlated. However, a number of these findings lack consistency. In this review, we summarized the metabolic process of Hct in the human body, the levels of Hct in different stages of normal pregnancy reported in previous studies, and the relationship between Hct and pregnancy complications. The work done is helpful for obstetricians to improve the likelihood of a positive outcome during pregnancy complications. Reducing the Hct level with a high dosage of folic acid supplements during the next pregnancy could be helpful for females who have suffered pregnancy complications due to HHct.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in the Transcobalamin Gene: Association with Plasma Homocysteine in Healthy Individuals and Vascular Disease Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin JA Lievers ◽  
Lydia A Afman ◽  
Leo AJ Kluijtmans ◽  
Godfried HJ Boers ◽  
Petra Verhoef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Plasma Thcy ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Plasma Total Homocysteine

Abstract Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intracellular vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and because transcobalamin (TC) is the plasma transporter that delivers vitamin B12 to cells, genetic variation in the TC gene may affect intracellular vitamin B12 availability and, consequently, tHcy concentrations. Methods: We examined five sequence variants, i.e., I23V, G94S, P259R, S348F, and R399Q, in the TC gene as possible determinants of tHcy and, concordantly, as possible risk factors for CVD in 190 vascular disease patients and 601 controls. We also studied potential effect-modification of vitamin B12 by genotype. Results: In individuals with high vitamin B12, 259PP individuals had lower tHcy concentrations than 259PR and 259RR individuals. Homozygous 23VV individuals had lower fasting tHcy concentrations than their 23IV and 23II peers. None of the genotypes defined by the three other sequence variants showed an association with tHcy concentrations, nor was any TC genotype associated with an increased CVD risk. Conclusions: In individuals in the highest quartile of the vitamin B12 distribution (&gt;299 pmol/L), tHcy concentrations are lower in 259PP homozygotes than in 259PR and 259RR individuals. Therefore, 259PP individuals, who represent &gt;25% of the general population, may be more susceptible to reduction of plasma tHcy concentrations by increasing the vitamin B12 status.

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